The document discusses Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) as a solution to various agricultural challenges, highlighting its importance for enhancing productivity, income, and employment. It explains the components and objectives of IFS, its implementation across different agro-climatic zones, and provides success stories of farmers who have adopted the system. The aim is to promote sustainable agriculture through the scientific integration of diverse farming enterprises for improved resource utilization and food security.

1. INTEGRATEDFARMING SYSTEMS (IFS)

2. FLOWOF SEMINAR
 Problems of present agriculture
 Introduction
 Definition of IFS
 Why we need IFS?
 Importance of IFS
 Objectives of IFS
 Scope of IFS
 Goals of IFS
 Ideal situations for introduction to IFS
 Factors determining types of IFS
 Components of IFS
 IFS for different agro-climatic zones
 Integrated Farming Systems for Agricultural Diversification, Enhanced Income and
Employment
 Assistance under National Mission for sustainable agriculture
 Success stories of IFS
 Advantages of IFS
 Limitations of IFS
 Future Thrust
 Conclusion

3.  Decline in agricultural productivity rate
 Static or decline in food production
 Increasing malnutrition
 Shrinkage in net cultivable area
 Increasing environmental pollution
 Depleting ground water table
 Increasing cost of production
 Low farm income
WHATS THE SOLUTION ?
“INTEGRATEDFARMINGSYSTEM”
PROBLEMS OF PRESENTAGRICULTURE

4. INTRODUCTION
 “Farming” is a process of harnessing solar energy in form of economic
plant and animal products. “System” an arrangement of components or
parts that are interrelated and interact according to some process and
transforms inputs into output.
 “Farming system” → A farming system is the result of complex
interactions among a number of inter-dependent enterprises/components,
where an individual farmer allocates certain quantities and qualities of
four factors of production, namely land, labour, capital and management
to which he has access.
 The end products and wastes of one enterprise are used as inputs in
others. Eg: The wastes of dairy like dung, urine, refuse etc, are used for
the preparation of farmyard manure, which is an input in cropping
systems. The straw obtained from the crop is used as fodder for cattle.
The cattle are used for different field operations for growing crops. Thus,
different enterprise of farming system are highly interrelated.

5. DEFINITION OF INTEGRATEDFARMINGSYSTEM
 Integrated farming system is the scientific integration of different
independent and interacting farm enterprises for the efficient use
of land, labour and other resources of a farm, which provides year
round income to the farmers specially located in the handicapped
zone.
 It represents integration of farm enterprises such as cropping
system, animal husbandry, Fisheries, forestry etc. These
enterprises are interrelated and interacting among themselves.

8. WHY WE NEED IFS?
India’s
population
crossing
1.2 billion -
ensuring
food
security
Need 260-264
million tonnes of
food grains by
2030.
130-152 MT milk
151-193 MT vegetables
84-106 MT fruits
10-14 MT meat
550 MT edible oil - 1.3
billion people
Increased
total
productivity
per unit area
in a specified
time
Divya et al., 2008

9. IMPORTANCE OF IFS
 Recycling and utilization of other available resources in the farm
 Maximum possible return and Profitability
 Create adequate employment opportunities
 Increased productivity
 Potentiality or Sustainability
 Balanced Food
 Environmental Safety
 Adoption of New Technology
 Saving Energy
 Meeting Fodder crisis
 Solving Fuel and Timber Crisis
 Agro – industries
 Increasing Input Efficiency

10. OBJECTIVES OF IFS
1. To identify existing farming systems in specific areas &
access their relative viability.
2. To formulate farming system model involving main & allied
enterprises for different farming situations.
3. To ensure optional utilization and conservation of available
resources.
4. Effective recycling of farm residues within system.
5. Maintain sustainable production without damaging
environment.
6. To raise overall profitability of farm house hold by
complementing main allied enterprises with each other.

11. SCOPE OF IFS
 Farming enterprises include crop, livestock, poultry, fish,
tree, sericulture etc.
 A combination of one or more enterprises with cropping
when carefully chosen, planned and executed gives greater
returns than a single enterprise, especially for small and
marginal farmers.
 Farm as a unit is to be considered and planned for
effective integration of the enterprises to be combined
with crop production activity.

12. GOALS OF IFS
1.
• Maximization of yield of all component enterprises to
provide steady & stable income.
2.
• Rejuvenation of systems productivity & achieve agro-
ecological equilibrium.
3.
• Avoid build up of insect pests, diseases & weed
population through natural cropping system & keep
them at low level of intensity.
4.
• Reducing use of chemicals, pesticides.

13. IDEAL SITUATIONS FOR INTRODUCTION OF IFS
 The farmer wishes to improve the soil quality.
 The farm household is struggling to buy food or below the poverty line.
 Water is stored on-far, in ponds or river-charged overflow areas.
 Soil salinity has increased as a result of inorganic fertilizer use.
 The farmer is seeking to maximize profits on existing holding.
 The farm is being eroded by wind or water.
 The farmer is looking to reduce chemical control methods.
 The farmer wants to reduce pollution or waste disposal costs.

14.  Integration of Farm Enterprises Depends on Many
Factors Such as:
 Soil and climatic features of the selected area.
 Availability of the resources, land, labour and Capital.
 Present level of utilization of resources.
 Economics of proposed integrated farming system.
 Managerial skill of farmer.

15. FACTORS DETERMINING TYPE OF FARMING
 Physical factors (Climate, soil, topography)
 Economic factor
o Marketing cost
o Labour availability
o Consumer demand
o Prevalent pest and disease
 Social factor (type of community, easy transport,
marketing facilities)
 Environment (availability of resources and components)

16. 1. Field crops.
2. Vegetables.
3. Fruit cultivation.
4. Livestock Integration.
5. Poultry Farming.
6. Duckery.
7. Beekeeping
8. Agro forestry.
9. Fishery
10. Mushroom cultivation.
11. Biogas plant.
12. Integrated Quail farming
13. Integrated Turkey farming
14. Integrated Pigeon farming
15. Integrated Rabbit farming
16. Integrated Piggery farming
COMPONENTS OF IFS

17.  Field crops like rice, wheat, maize, sorghum; pulses and
cash crops like sugarcane, tobacco, jute, etc. are grown.
 Crop production constitutes a sizeable portion of farm
income followed by livestock and agro horticulture
system. A short duration legume such as mung bean and
bean or cowpea can be planted with minimum tillage
and irrigation to maximize the economic return and also
improves the nutrition of the farmer’s family.
 The income from this unit may be up to Rs. 1.80/ rupee
invested.
1. Crop Production

18. Vegetables form a very important component specially for
marginal Farmers to provide income at frequent short
intervals round the year. Cash crops like tomato, brinjal,
Cole crops, gourds, melons, pumpkin etc. could be grown.
The income from this unit may be Rs. 1.60/ rupee invested.
Fruit plants like coconut, banana, etc may be planted by
small farmers in a systematic manner. Multistoried
cropping by taking coconut, banana, pineapple and
ginger/turmeric can be practiced which also improves the
nutrition of the farmer’s family. . The returns per rupee
invested may go beyond Rs.2.50/ rupee invested.
2. Vegetables
3. Fruit Cultivation

19.  Crop-livestock integration is old age practice of
Indian farmers. In present context, crop – livestock
integration must consider continuing need of growing
family size of small farmers. Small farm must adopt a
cropping system that support a reasonable number of
animals that provides organic nutrient for growth and
add to the income of small farmers.
4. Livestock Integration

20. Poultry dropping and waste
food would be directly
available to the heavily
stocked fishes in pond
through perforations created
on the platform. Rhode Island
& White Leghorn breed are
suitable for this purpose. The
profit per layer bird/ year is
Rs. 26.56.
5. Poultry farming

21. Ducks are preferred to continue with fish
farming. Their meat is in demand and their
excreta serve as an effective pond fertilizer.
Duck excreta indirectly utilized by fish. The
Indian runner duck is reported to produce
45-55 kg of excreta in a year.
This is a very good supplementary enterprise in a farming
system. Investment required is low. Indian species Apis indica
yield 1.5kg honey/ box/ collection with 4 collection per year,
where Italian species Apis mellifera yield 10 times more i.e, 15
kg/ collection. The boxes can be maintained for 5 years during
which profit from country breed will be Rs. 1238/ box and for
Italian breed Rs. 5831/ box.
6. Duckery
7. Beekeeping

22. 8. Agroforestry
Agro forestry is a system where woody and non-
woody interacting plant combinations are carried
out for achieving certain objectives like:
(1) conservation of soil and water.
(2) recycling of nutrients.
(3) maintenance of organic matter and some
important physical properties of soil.
(4) sustained crop productivity.
Fuel trees like Acacia, subabool and eucalyptus etc. can be planted to
meet the fuel and forage requirement of farm family and cattle
respectively.

23. Rainfall - flat topography - lowland
Integrated aquaculture system
Traditional management - 300-400 kg fish/ha
Composite-fish culture 5000-7500 fingerlings/ha
Advantages of Integrated Fish Farming
Artificial balanced ecosystem with no waste
Increased food supply
More employment - economic efficiency
9. Fishery

24. 10. Mushroom Cultivation
It is a good supplementary enterprise in farming
system which provides engagement of farm women and
children. There is a good demand of this product in the
market and It can also be consumed by the farm family
as a delicious dish. Dhingri mushroom in winter season
and paddy straw mushroom in rainy season in addition
to white milk mushroom could be grown successfully.

25. Renewable source of energy
Biological decomposition
Cheaper & better fuel
Optimize the use of chemical
fertilizer
Solids are recovered – Tanks
Effluent - protein rich feed for
animals (fish)
10. Biogas Plant

26. 12. Integrated Quail farming
• Less space - better returns.
• Adults weight 250 to 300 g - Egg & meat.
• The life cycle very short..
12. Integrated Turkey farming
•White meat - western countries.
•Turkey farming is practiced experimentally – Haryana, Hisar university of
agricultural sciences, Bangalore & Rajasthan college of Agriculture.
•Difficult – replacing chickens - high cost.
•A study conducted at HAU, Hisar - production price of live weight of turkey 15
times higher than chicken broilers.

27. 14. Integrated Pigeon Farming
 Domestic pigeon – meat
 Females are smaller than male
15. Integrated Rabbit Farming
Easily reared - very high reproduction rates
Meat - pure white - low in fat and cholesterol
Meat and wool

28. 16. Integrated Piggery Farming
 Crop + Piggery
• Production of pork
• Feed with non – edible feeds, forages
• Subsidiary activity
• More income
• Pig manure - biogas manufacture

29. IFS FOR DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES
(INDIA)
1.High Altitude Cold Desert
Pasture + forestry + goats + rabbits + crops like
millets, wheat, barley, fodder crops
2. Arid & Desert Region
AH with camels + sheep + goat + crops like bajra,
wheat, pulses, gram, & fodder crops
3. Western & Central Himalayas
Horti crops+ agri on hill & slopes like maize, rice
pulses and fodder crops

30. 4. Eastern Himalayas
Rice + millets + pulses + agroforestry system + piggery +
poultry
5. Indo-gangetic Plains
Crop husbandary + rice + wheat + maize + mustard
pulses + dairy + cattle + buffaloes
6. Central & Southern Highlands
Cotton-sorghum + millets pulses + dairy + cattle +
sheep + goats + poultry
7.Western Ghat
Plantation crops + rice + pulses + cattle + sheep + goats
8.Delta & Coastal Plains
Rice + fish culture + poultry + piggery

31. INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS FOR
AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION, ENHANCED
INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT
 Realizing the importance of integrated farming systems, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) revised the mandate of Project Directorate
for Cropping Systems and All India Coordinated Research Project on
Cropping Systems to farming systems.
 Accordingly, ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research,
Modipuram with component schemes of All India Coordinated Research
Project on Integrated Farming Systems (AICRP-IFS) and All India Network
Programme on Organic Farming (AI-NPOF) started research on Integrated
Farming Systems both at research farm and farmer’s field by partnering
with 25 SAUs, 6 ICAR institutes and 1 Central University. Common
methodology of area allocation for different components, with specific
purpose such as meeting the family and livestock nutrition, soil health and
income generation have been made at all locations. Initiation of National
Mission on Integrated Farming Systems by converging the schemes of
crops, horticulture, livestock and fisheries can give impetus in promoting
integrated farming systems among farmers.

32.  As an outcome, 45 IFS models have been developed. Further, the models
developed from other ICAR institutes are also included. Thus, 51
integrated farming system models comprising of several modules have
been developed which are suitable to marginal and small farm holders of
25 States/ Union Territories.
 These modules and models ensure agricultural diversification, higher
income and employment.

33. ASSISTANCE UNDER NATIONAL MISSION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Sr.
No.
Type of Assistance Quantum of Assistance Scheme
1. Horticulture Based
Farming System
(Plantation +
Crops/Cropping
system)
50% of input cost limited to Rs
25,000/- per ha with permissible
assistance of maximum 2
ha/beneficiary.
National Mission
for Sustainable
Agriculture
(NMSA)
2. Fishery Based
Farming System
50% of input cost of
cropping/vegetable system
including cost of fish farming
limited to Rs 25.000/- per ha with
permissible assistance of
maximum 2 ha/beneficiary
-do-
3. Cropping System
(CS) with rice,
wheat, coarse
cereal/oil-
seed/fibre/pulse
based two crops
50% of input cost limited to Rs
10,000/-per ha with permissible
assistance of maximum 2 ha/
beneficiary.
-do-

34. SUCCESS STORIES OF IFS

35. IF MODEL: W.BENGAL
 Banamali Das, Village: Gayadham
 Out of his total input of Rs. 12235.75/-
(excluding internal labour value) the value of
internal inputs is Rs. 9497.75/-.

36.  Outer border trees: eucalyptus, neem, subabul, bamboo etc.
 Homestead garden surrounded by perennial trees: banana,
guava, sapota, lemon, mango and coconut.
 Grows 25-30 types of vegetables today, using mixed cropping
techniques of various combinations.
 Has 5 cows, 8 ducklings 4 hens and 14 chicks and cultivates
fishes such as Rohu, Catla, Bata, Minor carp and catfishes in his
pond.
 Constructed a Biodigester to generate biogas and slurry and
prepares vermi-compost and compost by himself.
 Uses sesame cake and graded biogas slurry as organic manure
and prepares mixture of neem extract, garlic paste and kerosene
as pest repellent.

37. A SUCCESSFUL INTEGRATED FARMING MODEL
 Smt. Lekesh Bai lives in Thanabodi Village under Thanabodi
Block of Uttar Bastar Kanker District of Chattisgarh.
 She is practicing Integrated Farming System in her farm by
cultivation of crop, fish cum duck, improved dairy, goat and
poultry rearing.
 Change in income:
2010-11 – Rs. 1,11,800/ annum
2016-17 - Rs. 7,46,650/annum
 She was awarded with Innovative farmers Award by ICAR
Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 2018

38. IF MODEL: UTTAR PRADESH
AMAN LAKRA, 63, VILLAGE ABHAYPUR, BAREILLY
 Initially: 1.5 bigha land Now : 55 bigha
 He is rearing desi poultry bird (Aseel), duck, goat, pig, buffalo,
generating income from fish production, bee-keeping, cereal and
oilseed crop cultivation and fruit and vegetable cultivation.
 Milk production: 15-16 litres of milk/day
 Selling price @ Rs. 50/litre and (earning Rs. 750 per day)
 Most of the feed ingredients are procured from own farm.
Monthly expenditure on feeding was Rs. 5000
 Purchase wheat bran and straw only during the period of
scarcity

39. JOURNEY OF NURSE TO BECOME A FARMER
MS NABANITA DAS, DISTRICT: JORHAT, STATE: ASSAM
 At present her farm has become a small agri-hub with production of
flowers (Anthurium, Gerbera, Gladiolus, tuberose etc), rice, different
pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, fish (local type and carps),
eggs, milk, goatery and different poultry breeds viz. Silky Chicken ,
Rainbow Roaster, Bonroja, Kadaknath, Turkey, Guniea fowl; Pigeon
((Masokali); duck breeds (White Peikin), Indian Runner and
indigenous duck.
 The beauty of her farm is she has utilised every inch of the farm
land as a productive asset utilizing vertical space also. Recently she
has introduced vermicompost production and Azolla culture.
 Her earning from the land was merely Rs 4000/- before government
interventions. Now she earns Rs. 30,000/- net profit in first year
(2014), Rs. 56,000/- in 2nd year (2015), Rs. 96,000/- in 3rd year (2016),
Rs 1,10,000/- in 4th year (2017) and Rs 1,25,000/- in 2019.

40. INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM APPROACH- A CASE
STUDY OF KULLU VALLEY
SMT. VEENA BHARTI, DISTRICT- KULLU, STATE- HIMACHAL PRADESH.
 She incorporated all the major components of Integrated Farming Systems
for diversified agriculture for enhancing her farm income.
 She owns 2.80 ha land, out of which 1.3 ha is kept for fruit crops and the
remaining 1.5 ha for vegetables. About 50% land is rainfed and remaining
area is irrigated through perennial streams and nallah by adopting portable
sprinkler system with the support of state agriculture department.
 A vermi-compost unit of 4-5 vermi- pits has been constructed with the
assistance from state agriculture department. About 40 quintals of manure
per year is being produced and used for growing different crops.
 She also maintains a small dairy unit with two milch cows. She also owns a
small mushroom unit for getting additional income through this venture.
 She is awarded with Krishi Doot Samman by CSKHPKV (2003), State level
“Innovative Farmer” Award by CSK HPKV, Palampur- 2013, Best Farmer
Award 2016 by Department of agriculture and was Member of Extension
Council , CSKHPKV, Palampur( 2003-05)

41. ALL IS WELL IN INTEGRATED FARMING
MR. MUTTAPPA PUJARI , GULBARGA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE
 He owns 8 acres of land, and he also owns two oxen and two goats. He
grows red gram, cotton, ginger, flowers and leafy vegetables in the Kharif
season. Immediately after harvest of the Kharif crops, he takes up wheat,
chilli, chickpea and sorghum for the Rabi .
 Mr. Pujari gets Rs. 4 to 5 lakh net profit from his 8 acres of land. He is
confident that if he has access to proper electricity and irrigation during the
summer season, he would be able to increase his income considerably. Apart
from agriculture, he purchased two goats worth Rs. 3,500/-, and within two
months, he sold them for Rs. 7,000/-, with a profit margin of Rs. 2,500/- after
deducting the expenditure. He draws parallels between farming and catching
fish through a net: you need to look over each and everything for effective
implementation at a farm level in order to increase production and
productivity.
 Every year, the cattle festival is conducted near his village during the festival
of Makar Sankranti. To make use of this opportunity, he purchased two oxen
and sold them within four months for Rs. 58,000/-, making a profit margin of
Rs. 21,000/- after deducting expenditure. In addition to that, he got two
tractors of cow dung as organic manure.

42. ADVANTAGES OF IFS
 Higher food production to equate the demand of the exploding population of our
nation
 Increased farm income through proper residue recycling and allied components
 Sustainable soil fertility and productivity through organic waste recycling
 Integration of allied activities will result in the availability of nutritious food
enriched with protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins.
 Integrated farming will help in environmental protection through effective
recycling of waste from animal activities like piggery, poultry and pigeon rearing.
 Regular stable income through the products like egg, milk, mushroom,
vegetables, honey and silkworm cocoons from the linked activities in integrated
farming
 Firewood and construction wood requirements could be met from the agro
forestry system without affecting the natural forest
 Avoidance of soil loss through erosion by agro-forestry and proper cultivation of
each part of land by integrated farming
 Generation of regular employment for the farm family members of small and
marginal farmers.

43. LIMITATIONS OF IFS
 Lack of awareness about sustainable farming systems.
 Lack of credit facilities at easy and reasonable interest rate.
 Non-availability of ensured marketing facilities specially for perishable
commodities.
 Lack of deep freezing and storage facilities.
 Lack of timely availability of inputs.
 Lack of knowledge among farming community specially in rural youth.

44. Future Thrust
 There is need to create a database on farming system in relation to type
of farming system, infrastructure, economics, sustainability, etc under
different farming situations.
 Need to develop more research modules of farming system under
different holding size with economically viable and socially acceptable
systems.
 The assessment and refinement of the technologies developed at research
station at cultivator’s field.
 Need to prepare a contingent planning to counteract the weather/climate
threats under different farming situation.

45. Conclusion
 Integrated farming system seems to be the answer to the
problems of increasing food production, for increasing income
and for improving nutrition of the small scale farmers with
limited resources without any adverse effect on environment and
agro-eco-system.
 This approach is a powerful tool for improving the livelihood
security of small farm holders.

46. THANK YOU