The document provides a comprehensive overview of intelligence, detailing its definitions, types, and various theories. It discusses emotional, cognitive, linguistic, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences, as well as artificial intelligence. The document also outlines key intelligence theories from psychologists including Spearman, Thurstone, Sternberg, and Goleman.

1. INTELLIGENCE
Dr. sumity Arora

2. • Meaning
• Classification
• Use
• Theories

3. ORIGIN OF WORD INTELLIGENCE
• Basically, intelligence is a latin word derived
from intelligere which means to understand
or to know. It was first started to use in 1350-
1400.
By a latin psychology

4. DEFINITION
• Intelligence is goal directed and adaptive
behavior.
A property of the mind that encompasses many
related abilities, such as the capacities to
reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think
abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use
language and to learn.

5. DEFINITION
• Individuals ability to understand complex
ideas, to adopt effectively to the environment,
to learn from experiences, to engage in
various forms of reasoning, to overcome
obstacles by careful thoughts.
OR
The degree to which one can adopt to one’s
environment.

6. DEFINITION
• Intelligence is the capacity to learn from
experience, using metacognitive processes to
enhance learning, and the ability to adapt to
the surrounding environment.
Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012
The ability to solve problems or fashion products
valued within some thing.
Gardner (1986)

7. DEFINITION
• Intelligence as referring to the superior forms
of organization or equilibrium of cognitive
structuring used for adaptation to the physical
and social environment.
Piaget (1972)

8. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Emotional Intelligence
These are concern with the emotions of once,
means to know the feelings of persons.
Cognitive Intelligence
Cognitive means to understand or to memorize.
So, this intelligence is the ability of a person to
memorize something.

9. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Linguistic/Verbal Intelligence
It is basically refers to the language. The sense of
one’s how to combine words to express the
meanings clearly or it said to have skills of
reading, writing, speaking, called
Linguistic/Verbal Intelligence

10. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Spatial Motor Intelligence
Spatial Motor Intelligence indicates how well a
person can perform or in what manner he/she
can do his/her work or the ability of a person to
show his/ her specialities called Spatial Motor
Intelligence

11. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Musical Intelligence
The skills of composing or producing musing or
the ability of arranging musical notes is called
Musical Intelligence
Body- Kinesthetic Intelligence
The ability of a person concerns with the body
movements is called Body- Kinesthetic
Intelligence

12. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence is about to relating
one person or the way of understanding other’s
behavior/ action/ reactions called Interpersonal
Intelligence

13. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence is about to understand
our own selves that how we can change
ourselves. Means to know the way of living of
your owns and to know the abilities you have
and how to use it.

14. TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
Naturalist Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence concerns to the person’s
ability to observe and then understand his/ her
surroundings.
Artificial Intelligence
The Artificial Intelligence concerns to unreal
intelligence. It is intelligence of both machines
and branches of computer which aims to create
style and design of intelligent agents.

16. USES
Uses include:
 Logical reasoning
 Understanding
 Self-awareness
 Learning
 Emotional knowledge
 Reasoning
 Planning
 Creativity and
 Problem solving

17. FORMULA OF IQ

18. IQ CLASSIFICATION

19. THEORIES
• Charles Spearman- General Intelligence
Theory
• Louis L. Thurstone- Primary Mental Abilities
• Robert Sternberg- Triachic Theory of
Intelligence
• Daniel Goleman- Emotional Intelligence
Model

20. THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY
General intelligence, also known as g factor, refers
to the existence of a broad mental capacity that
influences performance on cognitive ability
measures. Charles Spearman first described the
existence of general intelligence in 1904.
• According to Spearman, this g factor was
responsible for overall performance on mental
ability tests.

24. GENERAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY
• Spearman also felt that levels of general
intelligence could predict levels of specific
abilities, s factor.

25. GENERAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY
CHARACTERISTICS OF ‘G’ FACTOR:
• It is universal inborn ability.
• It is general mental energy.
• It is constant.
• The amount of ‘g’ differs from individual to
individual.
• It is used in every activity of life.
• Greater the ‘g’ in an individual, greater is his
success in life.

26. GENERAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY
CHARACTERISTICS OF ‘S’ FACTOR:
• It is learned and acquired in the environment.
• It varies from activity to activity in the same
individual.
• Individuals differ in the amount of ‘S’ ability.

27. Louis L. Thurstone- Primary Mental
Abilities
PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES
Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone (1887- 1955)
offered a differing theory of intelligence.
Instead of viewing intelligence as a single,
general ability, Thurstone’s theory focused on
seven different ‘primary mental abilities’
(Thurstone, 1938).

30. TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
Psychologist Robert Sternberg defined
intelligence as “mental activity directed toward
purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping
of real- world environments relevant to one’s
life”.
Sternberg proposed what he refers to as
‘successful intelligence’, which is comprised of 3
different factors:

32. TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
• Analytical Intelligence: This component refers
to problem- solving abilities.
• Creative Intelligence: This aspect of
intelligence involves the ability to deal with
new situations using past experiences and
current skills.
• Practical Intelligence: This element refers to
the ability to adapt to a changing
environment.

34. CATTELL’S FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED THEORY
The fluid aspect of this theory says that
intelligence is a basic capacity due to genetic
potentiality. While this is affected by the past
and new experiences, the crystallized theory is a
capacity resultant of experiences, learning and
environment.

35. CATTELL’S FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED
THEORY
• CONCEPT
Fluid intelligence is the capacity for insight into
complex relationships, acquiring new concepts,
demonstrates general brightness and
adaptability in novel situations while crystallized
intelligence is a combination of acquired
knowledge and developed of intellectual skills.

37. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
The Emotional Competencies (Goleman) model
The model introduced by Daniel Goleman focuse
on EI as a wide array of competencies and skills
that drive leadership performance.
Goleman’s model outlines 4 main EI constructs:

41. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
• Self- awareness: the ability to read one’s emotions and
recognize their impact while using gut feeling to guide
decisions.
• Self- management: involves controlling one’s emotions
and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances.
• Social- awareness: the ability to sense, understand and
react to other’s emotions while comprehending social
networks.
• Relationship management: the ability to inspire,
influence and develop others while managing conflict.

42. THANK YOU