perception and its factors in psychology

1. Murtaza Ali (16009)
.
.
SUBMMIT BY :
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MAM Huma Yaseen
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

2. PERCEPTION AND IT’S FACTORS
TOPIC
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

3. OUTLINE
Introduction
 Perception Factors
Objective Factors
 Characteristic of stimulus
 Perceptual constancy
 Perceptual organization
Subjective Factors
Social Factor
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

4. ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER
 Derived From
 The Latin perceptio, meaning gathering or receiving
WHAT IS PERCEPTION ?
 Definition
 The process of selecting, organizing and interpreting
sensory information to give it meaning.
 INTRODUCTION

5. What is Sensory
Information
 Sensation is a process of receiving
stimulus energies from the external
environment .
 Stimuli consist of physical energy i.e.
light , sound and heat.
 Detect by specialized receptor cells in the
sense organs .
Eye , skin , ears , nose and tongue .
 Through transduction physical energy
convert into electrochemical energy.
 Brain receive sensory information.

6. SELECTING
Refer
choosing
which of
many the
stimuli that
will be
processed
Step
1
ORGANIZING
Involves
collecting
the
information
into some
patterns
Step
2
INTERPRETING
Involve
understan-
ding the
pattern
Step
3
PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

7. Keep in your mind
Sensation is the
biological process
Perception is a
cognitive process

8. ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER
FACTORS

9. OBJECTIVE
FACTORS

10. There are a number of characteristics of stimuli that influence our perception.
1. Intensity
2. Size
3. Distinct & Striking
4. Movement
5. Novelty
6. Duration
7. Repetition
8. Abrupt Change
OBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

11. Intensity; The louder a sound , the more likely a person is to perceive it. The
brighter a light, the more likely it is to be in the focus of perception.
 Size; A full page advertisement is more likely to be noticed than a half-
column one.
Distinct & Striking; distinct and striking things are perceived sooner than dull
and unclear things.
 Movement; When things move suddenly in still and motionless environment
,it is quickly perceived .e.g. birds sitting quietly on tree are not quickly
perceived as compared to ones about to fly.
OBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

12.  Novelty; A new and novel thing is perceived sooner than old
and used thing.
 Duration; Television and radio advertisements of long duration
are attended to more than those of short duration.
 Repetition; Repetition causes us to adapt to the repeated
stimulus .
 Abrupt Change; Any change in stimulus conditions, such as
increase in noise , often attracts attention
OBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

13. SUBJECTIVE
FACTORS

14. Sometimes, perception is determined not only by the physical
characteristics of stimuli but by the characteristics of the perceiver.
These are
1.Motives or needs
2. Interests & values
3.Past experience
4. Age
5. Preparatory set
6. Social & cultural factors
SUBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

15. 1.Motives or Needs; when people are motivated ,they tend to see and hear what they want to
hear. In other words, we may be set to perceive the world in ways that agree with our motives
and match our goals.
2. Interests & Values; we attend to those aspects of world that relate to our interest.
3.Past Experience; Much of our daily activity is dependent upon past experience. we have
learned to react to cues & symbols. E.g., on seeing a moving line on the sky, we guess it to be
an airplane.
4. Age; Age brings a change in perception as well. A child perceives things in different way as
compared to a young person.
SUBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

16. 5.Preparatory Set;
This refers to a person’s readiness to respond to
one kind of sensory input, but not to other kinds.
6.Social & Cultural Influences;
The normal perceptual
experiences of a culture may lead its members to develop perceptual
biases, suggestions and prejudices
SUBJECTIVE FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

17. 5. National Law :
individual is punished when he violates national
laws . So avoid punishment , individuals follows them . So is his
perception ,which is according to their role and regulation.
SOCAIL FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

18. SOCAIL
FACTORS

19. Perception cannot take place in empty space. Society where we live
,people who we deal with , have equably importance role in our
perception. So social factors effects our perception.
1. Social Belief
2. Customs and Rituals
3. Social Norms
4. Social Values
5. National Law
SOCAIL FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

20. 1. Social Belief :
Individual follows social belief of his society . They
put remarkable impression on individual perception
2. Customs and Rituals :
Some rituals are related to religion. Every
individual worships according to his own faith . They cannot ignore
or avoid the totem and taboos of their culture . So custom and rituals
are taken for granted and people accept them.
SOCAIL FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER

21. 3. Social Norms :
some social norms have flexibility , sometimes ,
they are not follow strictly or individual are not punished . Even then
individuals follow three types of norms to be socially approved.
4. Social Values ;
Every society has its own norms for good-bad ,
reward , punishment etc. Individual also obeys them and likewise his
perception is influence.
SOCAIL FACTORS
ADP PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3rd SEMESTER