Polynomials And Linear Equation of Two VariablesAnkur Patel
A complete description of polynomials and also various methods to solve the Linear equation of two variables by substitution, cross multiplication and elimination methods.
For polynomials it also contains the description of monomials, binomials etc.
Double integrals over Rectangle, Fubini’s Theorem,Properties of double integrals, Double integrals over a general region, Double integrals in polar region
On the Numerical Solution of Differential EquationsKyle Poe
Report written to satisfy requirements of ENGR 219, Numerical Methods, as part of an independent study of the course. Topics range from multistep methods for ODE solution to finite element methods.
For a system involving two variables (x and y), each linear equation determines a line on the xy-plane. Because a solution to a linear system must satisfy all of the equations, the solution set is the intersection of these lines, and is hence either a line, a single point, or the empty set
Polynomials And Linear Equation of Two VariablesAnkur Patel
A complete description of polynomials and also various methods to solve the Linear equation of two variables by substitution, cross multiplication and elimination methods.
For polynomials it also contains the description of monomials, binomials etc.
Double integrals over Rectangle, Fubini’s Theorem,Properties of double integrals, Double integrals over a general region, Double integrals in polar region
On the Numerical Solution of Differential EquationsKyle Poe
Report written to satisfy requirements of ENGR 219, Numerical Methods, as part of an independent study of the course. Topics range from multistep methods for ODE solution to finite element methods.
For a system involving two variables (x and y), each linear equation determines a line on the xy-plane. Because a solution to a linear system must satisfy all of the equations, the solution set is the intersection of these lines, and is hence either a line, a single point, or the empty set
Distillation Operation by Henry Z Kister
A good Reference Book for distillation
Chapter 1 Distillation Troubleshooting
Chapter 10 Column assembly and preparation for commissioning
Chapter 12 Column startup and Shutdowns
Chapter 13 Operation Difficulties
Chapter 20 Columns that did not work: Case histories
Advances In Digital Automation Within RefiningJim Cahill
Emerson's Tim Olsen presents to Argentinean refiners on the changes in automation technologies and how they are being applied to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
1. www.mathportal.org
Integration Formulas
1. Common Integrals Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Indefinite Integral ∫ ln x dx = x ln x − x + C
Method of substitution
x n +1 x n +1
∫ x ln x dx =
n
ln x − +C
∫ f ( g ( x)) g ′( x)dx = ∫ f (u )du n +1 ( n + 1)
2
Integration by parts
∫e
x
dx = e x + C
∫ f ( x) g ′( x)dx = f ( x) g ( x) − ∫ g ( x) f ′( x)dx
bx
∫ b dx =
x
Integrals of Rational and Irrational Functions +C
ln b
x n +1
∫ x dx =
n
+C ∫ sinh x dx = cosh x + C
n +1
1 ∫ cosh x dx = sinh x + C
∫ x dx = ln x + C
∫ c dx = cx + C
x2
∫ xdx = 2
+C
x3
∫ x dx =
2
+C
3
1 1
∫ x2 dx = − x + C
2x x
∫ xdx =
3
+C
1
∫1+ x 2
dx = arctan x + C
1
∫ 1 − x2
dx = arcsin x + C
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions
∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + C
∫ sec x dx = ln tan x + sec x + C
1
∫ sin ( x − sin x cos x ) + C
2
x dx =
2
1
∫ cos x dx = 2 ( x + sin x cos x ) + C
2
∫ tan
2
x dx = tan x − x + C
∫ sec
2
x dx = tan x + C
2. www.mathportal.org
2. Integrals of Rational Functions
Integrals involving ax + b
( ax + b )n + 1
n
∫ ( ax + b ) dx = a ( n + 1) ( for n ≠ −1)
1 1
∫ ax + b dx = a ln ax + b
a ( n + 1) x − b
∫ x ( ax + b )
n
dx = 2
( ax + b )n+1 ( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )
a ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
x x b
∫ ax + b dx = a − a 2 ln ax + b
x b 1
∫ ( ax + b )2 dx = a 2 ( ax + b ) + a 2 ln ax + b
x a (1 − n ) x − b
∫ ( ax + b )n dx = a 2 ( n − 1)( n − 2)( ax + b )n−1 ( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )
1 ( ax + b )
2
x2
∫ ax + b dx = 3 − 2b ( ax + b ) + b 2 ln ax + b
a 2
x2 1 b2
∫ ( ax + b )2 dx = 3 ax + b − 2b ln ax + b −
a
ax + b
x2 1 2b b2
∫ ( ax + b )3 dx = ln ax + b + −
a3 ax + b 2 ( ax + b )2
1 ( ax + b )
3−n 2− n 1−n
x2 2b ( a + b ) b2 ( ax + b )
∫ ( ax + b ) n dx = − + − ( for n ≠ 1, 2,3)
a3 n−3 n−2 n −1
1 1 ax + b
∫ x ( ax + b ) dx = − b ln x
1 1 a ax + b
∫ x 2 ( ax + b ) dx = − bx + b2 ln x
1 1 1 2 ax + b
∫ x 2 ( ax + b )2 dx = − a 2 + 2 − 3 ln
b ( a + xb ) ab x b x
Integrals involving ax2 + bx + c
1 1 x
∫ x 2 + a 2 dx = a arctg a
1 a−x
2a ln a + x for x < a
1
∫ x2 − a 2 dx = 1 x − a
ln for x > a
2a x + a
3. www.mathportal.org
2 2ax + b
arctan for 4ac − b 2 > 0
2
4ac − b 4ac − b 2
1 2 2ax + b − b 2 − 4 ac
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = ln for 4ac − b 2 < 0
b 2 − 4ac 2 ax + b + b 2 − 4ac
− 2 for 4ac − b 2 = 0
2ax + b
x 1 b dx
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = 2a ln ax ∫ ax 2 + bx + c
2
+ bx + c −
2a
m 2 2an − bm 2ax + b
ln ax + bx + c + arctan for 4ac − b 2 > 0
2a a 4ac − b 2
4ac − b 2
mx + n m
2an − bm 2ax + b
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = 2a ln ax + bx + c + a b2 − 4ac arctanh b2 − 4ac for 4ac − b < 0
2 2
m 2an − bm
ln ax 2 + bx + c − for 4ac − b 2 = 0
2a
a ( 2 ax + b )
1 2ax + b ( 2 n − 3 ) 2a 1
∫ n
dx = n−1
+
2 ∫
( n − 1) ( 4ac − b ) ( ax 2 + bx + c )n−1
dx
( ax 2
+ bx + c ) ( n − 1) ( 4ac − b2 )( ax 2 + bx + c )
1 1 x2 b 1
∫x dx = ln 2 − ∫ 2 dx
( ax 2
+ bx + c ) 2c ax + bx + c 2c ax + bx + c
3. Integrals of Exponential Functions
ecx
∫ xe dx =
cx
( cx − 1)
c2
x2 2x 2
∫ x 2 ecx dx = ecx
c − c 2 + c3
1 n cx n n −1 cx
∫x x e − ∫ x e dx
n cx
e dx =
c c
i
ecx ( )
∞ cx
∫ x dx = ln x + ∑
i =1 i ⋅ i !
1 cx
∫e
cx
ln xdx = e ln x + Ei ( cx )
c
ecx
∫ e sin bxdx =
cx
( c sin bx − b cos bx )
c 2 + b2
ecx
∫ e cos bxdx =
cx
( c cos bx + b sin bx )
c 2 + b2
ecx sin n −1 x n ( n − 1)
∫ e sin xdx = ∫e sin n −2 dx
cx n cx
2 2
( c sin x − n cos bx ) + 2 2
c +n c +n
4. www.mathportal.org
4. Integrals of Logarithmic Functions
∫ ln cxdx = x ln cx − x
b
∫ ln(ax + b)dx = x ln(ax + b) − x + a ln(ax + b)
2 2
∫ ( ln x ) dx = x ( ln x ) − 2 x ln x + 2 x
n n n −1
∫ ( ln cx ) dx = x ( ln cx ) − n∫ ( ln cx ) dx
i
dx ( )
∞ ln x
∫ ln x = ln ln x + ln x + ∑
n =2 i ⋅ i !
dx x 1 dx
∫ ( ln x )n =−
( n − 1)( ln x ) n −1
+
n − 1 ∫ ( ln x )n −1
( for n ≠ 1)
ln x 1
∫ x m ln xdx = x m +1 − ( for m ≠ 1)
m + 1 ( m + 1) 2
n
n x m+1 ( ln x ) n n −1
∫ x ( ln x ) ∫ x ( ln x ) dx
m m
dx = − ( for m ≠ 1)
m +1 m +1
( ln x )n ( ln x )n+1
∫ x
dx =
n +1
( for n ≠ 1)
2
ln x n ln x n ( )
∫ x dx = 2n ( for n ≠ 0 )
ln x ln x 1
∫ xm dx = − ( m − 1) xm−1 − ( m − 1)2 xm−1 ( for m ≠ 1)
( ln x )n ( ln x )n n ( ln x )n−1
∫ xm
dx = −
( m − 1) x m−1 m − 1 ∫ x m
+ dx ( for m ≠ 1)
dx
∫ x ln x = ln ln x
dx ∞
( n − 1)i ( ln x )i
∫ xn ln x = ln ln x + ∑ ( −1)
i
i =1 i ⋅ i!
dx 1
∫ x ( ln x )n =−
( n − 1)( ln x )n−1
( for n ≠ 1)
x
∫ ln ( x ) ( )
+ a 2 dx = x ln x 2 + a 2 − 2 x + 2a tan −1
2
a
x
∫ sin ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) − cos ( ln x ) )
x
∫ cos ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x ) )
5. www.mathportal.org
5. Integrals of Trig. Functions
∫ sin xdx = − cos x cos x
∫ sin 2 x dx = − sin x
1
∫ cos xdx = − sin x cos 2 x x
x 1 ∫ sin x dx = ln tan 2 + cos x
∫ sin
2
xdx =
− sin 2 x
2 4
∫ cot
2
xdx = − cot x − x
x 1
∫ cos xdx = 2 + 4 sin 2 x
2
dx
∫ sin x cos x = ln tan x
1
∫ sin xdx = 3 cos x − cos x
3 3
dx 1 x π
1 3
∫ sin 2 x cos x = − sin x + ln tan 2 + 4
∫ cos xdx = sin x − 3 sin x
3
dx 1 x
dx x ∫ sin x cos2 x = cos x + ln tan 2
∫ sin x xdx = ln tan 2 dx
dx x π ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x = tan x − cot x
∫ cos x xdx = ln tan 2 + 4
sin( m + n) x sin( m − n) x
dx
∫sin mxsin nxdx = − 2( m+ n) +
2( m − n)
m2 ≠ n2
∫ sin 2 x xdx = − cot x
cos ( m + n) x cos ( m − n) x
dx ∫sin mxcos nxdx = − 2( m + n) − m2 ≠ n2
∫ cos2 x xdx = tan x 2( m − n)
sin ( m + n) x sin ( m − n) x
dx cos x 1 x
∫ sin 3 x = − 2sin 2 x + 2 ln tan 2 ∫ cos mxcos nxdx = 2( m + n) +
2( m − n)
m2 ≠ n2
dx sin x 1 x π cos n +1 x
∫ cos3 x = 2 cos2 x + 2 ln tan 2 + 4 ∫ sin x cos xdx = −
n
n +1
1 sin n +1 x
∫ sin x cos xdx =
n
∫ sin x cos xdx = − 4 cos 2 x n +1
1 3
∫ sin x cos xdx = 3 sin x
2 ∫ arcsin xdx = x arcsin x + 1 − x2
1 ∫ arccos xdx = x arccos x − 1 − x2
∫ sin x cos xdx = − 3 cos x
2 3
1
∫ arctan xdx = x arctan x − 2 ln ( x )
2
+1
x 1
∫ sin x cos xdx = 8 − 32 sin 4 x
2 2
1
∫ arc cot xdx = x arc cot x + 2 ln ( x )
2
+1
∫ tan xdx = − ln cos x
sin x 1
∫ cos2
x
dx =
cos x
sin 2 x x π
∫ cos x dx = ln tan 2 + 4 − sin x
∫ tan xdx = tan x − x
2
∫ cot xdx = ln sin x