Int 12
•
0 likes•35 views
This document discusses key aspects of the global economy including the balance of payments, the institutions that govern global trade such as the GATT and WTO, trade barriers like tariffs and quotas, as well as agricultural subsidies. It also outlines the major negotiating rounds that took place under GATT and issues still challenging for the WTO, especially regarding agricultural products.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Wto
The document provides background on the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses how the WTO was established in 1995 through the Uruguay Round negotiations to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and provide a stronger framework for international trade rules. The WTO aims to ensure trade flows freely, resolve disputes, and oversee national trade policies through agreements on goods, services, intellectual property, dispute settlement, and other areas.
Gatt new
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was first signed in 1947 with the goal of encouraging free trade between member states by regulating and reducing tariffs. GATT provided an international forum for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes. It aimed to reduce barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. GATT led to increased world trade growth in the 1950s-1960s but its effectiveness was undermined as countries increased protectionism. This led to negotiations in the 1980s for the Uruguay Round, which established the World Trade Organization in 1994 and expanded global trade rules.
WTO and the Doha Round
The document discusses several key issues regarding the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the stalled Doha Round of trade negotiations. It provides background on WTO membership and structure, principles of free trade under WTO rules, and a brief history of WTO ministerial conferences and negotiations over time. It then summarizes the most important issues currently on the table in WTO negotiations, including agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), and their potential impacts on developing countries like Argentina.
GATT and WTO
The document discusses the history and development of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its evolution into the WTO (World Trade Organization). It describes how GATT was initially established in 1947 as a temporary agreement to reduce tariffs and encourage free trade. Over time, GATT negotiations led to significantly lower manufacturing tariffs globally. However, disputes arose during the Uruguay Round in the early 1990s regarding audiovisual services, with the US pushing for liberalization and the EU defending cultural exceptions. This helped transform GATT into the WTO, which now oversees global trade and resolves disputes, including regarding services sectors like telecommunications.
Globalisation
This document discusses globalization and international trade. It provides background on the history of long-distance trading dating back to nomadic Arab traders. It then outlines key events and developments that increased globalization such as the establishment of trading companies and organizations like the WTO. The document also discusses how globalization has benefits like increased economic growth but also disadvantages like increased inequality between nations. It concludes by discussing measures to help integrate low-income nations and reduce poverty.
Uruguay ao a ppt
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture established new rules and disciplines for global agricultural trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It required countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariff equivalents, reduce agricultural tariffs, ensure minimum market access levels, and discipline domestic support and export subsidies. This reformed and liberalized global agricultural trade after previous disarray. The agreement established categories for domestic support policies and required reductions in trade-distorting subsidies over time.
7. gatt and uruguay round
The document discusses the origins and development of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) from its creation in the 1940s through the Uruguay Round negotiations in the 1990s. It notes that while early GATT rounds made some progress in reducing agricultural import duties and subsidies, agriculture was still largely outside the general trade rules. The Uruguay Round had a clear mandate to establish new disciplines on agricultural policies and their trade distorting effects. This resulted in commitments such as tariffication of quotas, reductions in export subsidies and trade distorting domestic support over several years. The agreement established new rules but was seen as only an initial step with further negotiations expected.
Victory in crisis
This document discusses Nepal's experience with international trade agreements and intellectual property rules. It describes how Nepal became a member of the WTO in 2004 after negotiations that required adopting intellectual property rules beyond what was mandated. This has led to ongoing pressure to join the UPOV plant variety protection treaty. Civil society groups in Nepal organized to oppose UPOV membership. The document argues Nepal now faces risks from bilateral pressures to further strengthen intellectual property protections for seeds through its TIFA agreement with the US.
Recommended
Wto
The document provides background on the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses how the WTO was established in 1995 through the Uruguay Round negotiations to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and provide a stronger framework for international trade rules. The WTO aims to ensure trade flows freely, resolve disputes, and oversee national trade policies through agreements on goods, services, intellectual property, dispute settlement, and other areas.
Gatt new
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was first signed in 1947 with the goal of encouraging free trade between member states by regulating and reducing tariffs. GATT provided an international forum for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes. It aimed to reduce barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. GATT led to increased world trade growth in the 1950s-1960s but its effectiveness was undermined as countries increased protectionism. This led to negotiations in the 1980s for the Uruguay Round, which established the World Trade Organization in 1994 and expanded global trade rules.
WTO and the Doha Round
The document discusses several key issues regarding the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the stalled Doha Round of trade negotiations. It provides background on WTO membership and structure, principles of free trade under WTO rules, and a brief history of WTO ministerial conferences and negotiations over time. It then summarizes the most important issues currently on the table in WTO negotiations, including agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), and their potential impacts on developing countries like Argentina.
GATT and WTO
The document discusses the history and development of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its evolution into the WTO (World Trade Organization). It describes how GATT was initially established in 1947 as a temporary agreement to reduce tariffs and encourage free trade. Over time, GATT negotiations led to significantly lower manufacturing tariffs globally. However, disputes arose during the Uruguay Round in the early 1990s regarding audiovisual services, with the US pushing for liberalization and the EU defending cultural exceptions. This helped transform GATT into the WTO, which now oversees global trade and resolves disputes, including regarding services sectors like telecommunications.
Globalisation
This document discusses globalization and international trade. It provides background on the history of long-distance trading dating back to nomadic Arab traders. It then outlines key events and developments that increased globalization such as the establishment of trading companies and organizations like the WTO. The document also discusses how globalization has benefits like increased economic growth but also disadvantages like increased inequality between nations. It concludes by discussing measures to help integrate low-income nations and reduce poverty.
Uruguay ao a ppt
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture established new rules and disciplines for global agricultural trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It required countries to convert non-tariff barriers into tariff equivalents, reduce agricultural tariffs, ensure minimum market access levels, and discipline domestic support and export subsidies. This reformed and liberalized global agricultural trade after previous disarray. The agreement established categories for domestic support policies and required reductions in trade-distorting subsidies over time.
7. gatt and uruguay round
The document discusses the origins and development of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) from its creation in the 1940s through the Uruguay Round negotiations in the 1990s. It notes that while early GATT rounds made some progress in reducing agricultural import duties and subsidies, agriculture was still largely outside the general trade rules. The Uruguay Round had a clear mandate to establish new disciplines on agricultural policies and their trade distorting effects. This resulted in commitments such as tariffication of quotas, reductions in export subsidies and trade distorting domestic support over several years. The agreement established new rules but was seen as only an initial step with further negotiations expected.
Victory in crisis
This document discusses Nepal's experience with international trade agreements and intellectual property rules. It describes how Nepal became a member of the WTO in 2004 after negotiations that required adopting intellectual property rules beyond what was mandated. This has led to ongoing pressure to join the UPOV plant variety protection treaty. Civil society groups in Nepal organized to oppose UPOV membership. The document argues Nepal now faces risks from bilateral pressures to further strengthen intellectual property protections for seeds through its TIFA agreement with the US.
Gatt
You're welcome, I'm glad we could have this discussion. Discussing different perspectives is so important for growth and understanding.
4. Durrant nigel
The document summarizes the challenges facing CARICOM countries in international trade and opportunities for market access. It discusses CARICOM's goals of creating a single market and economy through free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. While progress has been made in goods, other aspects like movement of people lag. It also outlines the economic landscape of CARICOM countries and their dependence on agriculture, services and challenges like high costs of transportation. Bilateral and regional trade agreements aim to provide market access but implementation of CARICOM's goals has been slow and political will is lacking.
Lecture no. 17 world trade organization and regional trade agreement
The document discusses various trade organizations and agreements including:
- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which was established in 1947 and became the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.
- Important rounds of GATT negotiations including the Kennedy, Tokyo, and Uruguay rounds which established the WTO and expanded trade rules.
- Regional trade agreements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the US, Canada, and Mexico, and proposals for further agreements in other regions.
- Other existing regional organizations and trade blocs in Asia (ASEAN), South America (Mercosur), the Caribbean (CARICOM), and former Soviet states (CIS).
Globalization ch 1
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization that have occurred since the late 20th century:
1) It replaced the Cold War system in 1989 and has led to the widespread adoption of free-market capitalism around the world.
2) Technological advances like faster transportation and telecommunications have greatly accelerated the process of globalization by enabling the rapid movement of goods, capital, and information across borders.
3) International institutions and agreements have reduced trade barriers and established common rules for global economic activity, further integrating national economies.
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
GATT was formed in 1947 after the failure of the International Trade Organization. GATT's goals were to reduce tariffs through multilateral negotiations and ensure non-discriminatory and transparent trade. GATT held 8 rounds of negotiations from 1947 to 1994 to reduce tariffs on various goods. The final Uruguay Round extended negotiations to new areas like services and intellectual property and led to the creation of the World Trade Organization in 1994 to replace GATT.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral agreement signed in 1947 that aimed to reduce international trade barriers like tariffs and establish common rules for trade between member nations. It served as an interim arrangement until the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995. While initially intended to be temporary, GATT endured and facilitated several rounds of negotiations that progressively reduced trade barriers over nearly 50 years through pragmatic leadership and incremental negotiations.
Multilateralism & regional integration
Multilateralism, Regional Integration, Various Trade Blocs, Cartels, Commodity Agreement and State Trading Corporation
Multilateralism
A presentation on Multilateralism. But this one has some more additions and changes for India and world
Chapter 7
This document discusses various types of government intervention in international trade such as tariffs, import quotas, antidumping measures, subsidies, and retaliation. It outlines both economic and political arguments for government intervention including protecting domestic industries and jobs, national security, and human rights issues. The document also discusses the role of international trade organizations like GATT and the WTO in establishing rules for trade and resolving disputes between member countries.
evolution of WTO from GATT
The document provides an overview of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its transition to the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that GATT was created in 1947 to eliminate tariffs and increase international trade. Its main objectives were to eliminate protectionism and expand global trade. While GATT helped reduce tariffs and increase world trade for decades, it began facing challenges in the 1970s-1980s due to rising protectionism. This led to negotiations in the 1980s-1990s that established the WTO in 1995 as a permanent institution with broader membership and rules to further liberalize and oversee global trade.
Multinational enterprises faced with global migratory movements
This is the topic of my lecture in the Summer School on International Labour and Business in the University of Ferrara & Padova (4th - 15th September 2016).
Various rounds of wto
The document summarizes the various rounds of trade negotiations within the World Trade Organization and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade from 1947 to the present. It outlines the key details of each round, including locations, participating countries, topics of discussion, and outcomes in terms of tariff reductions and other trade agreements. The rounds have progressively included more countries and sought to reduce more trade barriers and expand the scope of trade negotiations. The most recent Doha Round has faced challenges in reaching agreements around agriculture and other issues.
Sustainable trade
Sustainable trade aims to promote economic growth without harming social conditions or the environment. The World Trade Organization oversees global trade and settles disputes between countries. However, there is conflict between supporters of free trade and fair trade. Free trade promotes economic growth through competition and globalization but can negatively impact workers and widen wealth gaps. Fair trade aims to provide farmers and artisans a living wage through equitable partnerships between producers and consumers. Achieving a balance of sustainable free and fair trade requires agreement between parties and individual support of responsible companies.
Ch 38 gatt & wto
The document discusses the evolution of global trade agreements from GATT to the WTO. Key points include:
1) GATT was established in 1948 to liberalize trade and became the WTO in 1995.
2) The Uruguay Round expanded the scope of trade agreements to include services, intellectual property, investment measures, and agriculture.
3) The WTO aims to lower trade barriers through principles like non-discrimination and prohibiting quotas. It also provides a forum for resolving trade disputes.
Wto
The document discusses the history and evolution of international trade organizations from GATT to the modern World Trade Organization (WTO). It describes how GATT was established in 1947 to promote global free trade but lacked enforcement capabilities. Key points include:
- GATT negotiations led to trade liberalization but favored developed nations.
- The WTO was established in 1995 to replace GATT and provide stronger rules and a dispute resolution process.
- The WTO aims to facilitate trade through policies like most favored nation status and reducing tariffs and barriers.
- Regional trade agreements also proliferated like NAFTA, ASEAN, and the EU to liberalize trade among neighboring states.
FTZ by arsalan
The document discusses free trade zones (FTZ), outlining their potential advantages such as reduced tariffs and trade barriers, as well as potential disadvantages like job losses and income declines. It provides examples of some of the major FTZs in the world, such as between China and Taiwan, China and Rwanda, and China and Pakistan. In closing, it notes that free trade zones have been hindered in some cases, such as by the political party UNP in Sri Lanka.
International Monetary and Trade Organization
The document discusses the history and development of major international economic organizations established after World War II, including the World Bank Group, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Trade Organization (WTO). It provides details on the founding, structure, missions, functions, and criticisms of each organization. Thailand joined all three organizations in 1949 and has since participated in various trade negotiations and received development loans.
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolut...
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolution in Vietnam AND MYANMAR — THE PRESENT— THE FUTURE — THE GOLDEN RULE what you must know
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE - Principles
* Non-Discrimination
* Prohibition of Quantitative Restrictions
* Consultation
* Dispute Settlement
Int 13
The document discusses key aspects of the global economy including the World Trade Organization (WTO). It notes that the WTO has 164 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. The WTO aims to liberalize trade and provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements as well as a dispute resolution process. The WTO also oversees agreements on trade in goods, services, investments and intellectual property rights.
Ipe05
This document summarizes the history of international trade theory and policy. It discusses the early trade theorists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. It then outlines major trade agreements and negotiations including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, GATT, Tokyo Round, Uruguay Round, and Doha Round. Key issues addressed in negotiations have included tariffs, non-tariff barriers, subsidies, agriculture, services, intellectual property, and developing country concerns.
Ipe05
This document summarizes the history of international trade theory and policy. It discusses the early trade theorists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and introduces Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. It then outlines major trade agreements and negotiations including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, GATT, Tokyo Round, Uruguay Round, and Doha Round. Key issues addressed in negotiations have included tariffs, non-tariff barriers, subsidies, agriculture, services, intellectual property, and developing country concerns.
More Related Content
What's hot
Gatt
You're welcome, I'm glad we could have this discussion. Discussing different perspectives is so important for growth and understanding.
4. Durrant nigel
The document summarizes the challenges facing CARICOM countries in international trade and opportunities for market access. It discusses CARICOM's goals of creating a single market and economy through free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. While progress has been made in goods, other aspects like movement of people lag. It also outlines the economic landscape of CARICOM countries and their dependence on agriculture, services and challenges like high costs of transportation. Bilateral and regional trade agreements aim to provide market access but implementation of CARICOM's goals has been slow and political will is lacking.
Lecture no. 17 world trade organization and regional trade agreement
The document discusses various trade organizations and agreements including:
- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which was established in 1947 and became the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.
- Important rounds of GATT negotiations including the Kennedy, Tokyo, and Uruguay rounds which established the WTO and expanded trade rules.
- Regional trade agreements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the US, Canada, and Mexico, and proposals for further agreements in other regions.
- Other existing regional organizations and trade blocs in Asia (ASEAN), South America (Mercosur), the Caribbean (CARICOM), and former Soviet states (CIS).
Globalization ch 1
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization that have occurred since the late 20th century:
1) It replaced the Cold War system in 1989 and has led to the widespread adoption of free-market capitalism around the world.
2) Technological advances like faster transportation and telecommunications have greatly accelerated the process of globalization by enabling the rapid movement of goods, capital, and information across borders.
3) International institutions and agreements have reduced trade barriers and established common rules for global economic activity, further integrating national economies.
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
GATT was formed in 1947 after the failure of the International Trade Organization. GATT's goals were to reduce tariffs through multilateral negotiations and ensure non-discriminatory and transparent trade. GATT held 8 rounds of negotiations from 1947 to 1994 to reduce tariffs on various goods. The final Uruguay Round extended negotiations to new areas like services and intellectual property and led to the creation of the World Trade Organization in 1994 to replace GATT.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral agreement signed in 1947 that aimed to reduce international trade barriers like tariffs and establish common rules for trade between member nations. It served as an interim arrangement until the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995. While initially intended to be temporary, GATT endured and facilitated several rounds of negotiations that progressively reduced trade barriers over nearly 50 years through pragmatic leadership and incremental negotiations.
Multilateralism & regional integration
Multilateralism, Regional Integration, Various Trade Blocs, Cartels, Commodity Agreement and State Trading Corporation
Multilateralism
A presentation on Multilateralism. But this one has some more additions and changes for India and world
Chapter 7
This document discusses various types of government intervention in international trade such as tariffs, import quotas, antidumping measures, subsidies, and retaliation. It outlines both economic and political arguments for government intervention including protecting domestic industries and jobs, national security, and human rights issues. The document also discusses the role of international trade organizations like GATT and the WTO in establishing rules for trade and resolving disputes between member countries.
evolution of WTO from GATT
The document provides an overview of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its transition to the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that GATT was created in 1947 to eliminate tariffs and increase international trade. Its main objectives were to eliminate protectionism and expand global trade. While GATT helped reduce tariffs and increase world trade for decades, it began facing challenges in the 1970s-1980s due to rising protectionism. This led to negotiations in the 1980s-1990s that established the WTO in 1995 as a permanent institution with broader membership and rules to further liberalize and oversee global trade.
Multinational enterprises faced with global migratory movements
This is the topic of my lecture in the Summer School on International Labour and Business in the University of Ferrara & Padova (4th - 15th September 2016).
Various rounds of wto
The document summarizes the various rounds of trade negotiations within the World Trade Organization and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade from 1947 to the present. It outlines the key details of each round, including locations, participating countries, topics of discussion, and outcomes in terms of tariff reductions and other trade agreements. The rounds have progressively included more countries and sought to reduce more trade barriers and expand the scope of trade negotiations. The most recent Doha Round has faced challenges in reaching agreements around agriculture and other issues.
Sustainable trade
Sustainable trade aims to promote economic growth without harming social conditions or the environment. The World Trade Organization oversees global trade and settles disputes between countries. However, there is conflict between supporters of free trade and fair trade. Free trade promotes economic growth through competition and globalization but can negatively impact workers and widen wealth gaps. Fair trade aims to provide farmers and artisans a living wage through equitable partnerships between producers and consumers. Achieving a balance of sustainable free and fair trade requires agreement between parties and individual support of responsible companies.
Ch 38 gatt & wto
The document discusses the evolution of global trade agreements from GATT to the WTO. Key points include:
1) GATT was established in 1948 to liberalize trade and became the WTO in 1995.
2) The Uruguay Round expanded the scope of trade agreements to include services, intellectual property, investment measures, and agriculture.
3) The WTO aims to lower trade barriers through principles like non-discrimination and prohibiting quotas. It also provides a forum for resolving trade disputes.
Wto
The document discusses the history and evolution of international trade organizations from GATT to the modern World Trade Organization (WTO). It describes how GATT was established in 1947 to promote global free trade but lacked enforcement capabilities. Key points include:
- GATT negotiations led to trade liberalization but favored developed nations.
- The WTO was established in 1995 to replace GATT and provide stronger rules and a dispute resolution process.
- The WTO aims to facilitate trade through policies like most favored nation status and reducing tariffs and barriers.
- Regional trade agreements also proliferated like NAFTA, ASEAN, and the EU to liberalize trade among neighboring states.
FTZ by arsalan
The document discusses free trade zones (FTZ), outlining their potential advantages such as reduced tariffs and trade barriers, as well as potential disadvantages like job losses and income declines. It provides examples of some of the major FTZs in the world, such as between China and Taiwan, China and Rwanda, and China and Pakistan. In closing, it notes that free trade zones have been hindered in some cases, such as by the political party UNP in Sri Lanka.
International Monetary and Trade Organization
The document discusses the history and development of major international economic organizations established after World War II, including the World Bank Group, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Trade Organization (WTO). It provides details on the founding, structure, missions, functions, and criticisms of each organization. Thailand joined all three organizations in 1949 and has since participated in various trade negotiations and received development loans.
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolut...
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolution in Vietnam AND MYANMAR — THE PRESENT— THE FUTURE — THE GOLDEN RULE what you must know
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFF AND TRADE - Principles
* Non-Discrimination
* Prohibition of Quantitative Restrictions
* Consultation
* Dispute Settlement
What's hot (19)
Lecture no. 17 world trade organization and regional trade agreement
Lecture no. 17 world trade organization and regional trade agreement
Multinational enterprises faced with global migratory movements
Multinational enterprises faced with global migratory movements
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolut...
Lawyer in Vietnam & Myanmar Dr. Oliver Massmann - Alternative Dispute Resolut...
Similar to Int 12
Int 13
The document discusses key aspects of the global economy including the World Trade Organization (WTO). It notes that the WTO has 164 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. The WTO aims to liberalize trade and provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements as well as a dispute resolution process. The WTO also oversees agreements on trade in goods, services, investments and intellectual property rights.
Ipe05
This document summarizes the history of international trade theory and policy. It discusses the early trade theorists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. It then outlines major trade agreements and negotiations including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, GATT, Tokyo Round, Uruguay Round, and Doha Round. Key issues addressed in negotiations have included tariffs, non-tariff barriers, subsidies, agriculture, services, intellectual property, and developing country concerns.
Ipe05
This document summarizes the history of international trade theory and policy. It discusses the early trade theorists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and introduces Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. It then outlines major trade agreements and negotiations including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, GATT, Tokyo Round, Uruguay Round, and Doha Round. Key issues addressed in negotiations have included tariffs, non-tariff barriers, subsidies, agriculture, services, intellectual property, and developing country concerns.
Wto 1 Nitin
The document discusses the history and evolution of international trade agreements from GATT to the modern WTO. It outlines key events like the Bretton Woods conference that led to GATT, various trade negotiation rounds that reduced tariffs, the formation of the WTO in 1995, and principles of the rules-based global trading system like non-discrimination and transparency. It also summarizes roles of different WTO bodies and topics of ongoing negotiation like agriculture subsidies and special provisions for developing countries.
GATT AND WTO
The document discusses the evolution of international trade agreements from GATT to the World Trade Organization (WTO). It notes that GATT was formed in 1947 by 23 countries as a set of multilateral trade agreements aimed at reducing tariffs and quotas. Over successive rounds of negotiations, GATT helped lower international trade barriers and increase global commerce. In 1995, WTO was established building upon GATT's achievements and providing stronger mechanisms for liberalizing trade and resolving disputes. Today, WTO oversees global trade rules and agreements covering goods, services, and intellectual property protection between its 153 member countries.
148323
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and aims to support free trade flows. However, it has failed to achieve several of its goals. Critics argue the WTO lacks transparency and democracy. It also prioritizes corporate profits over human and labor rights. The WTO dispute resolution process can take over 5 years, and its multilateral negotiation approach has led member states to prefer direct bilateral deals. The failure of the Doha Round in the early 2000s showed the challenges of achieving consensus among members.
Doha development agenda
The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) was launched in 2001 with the goal of reforming international trade rules and reducing barriers to trade. Key issues addressed in the DDA negotiations included reducing agricultural subsidies and market access barriers. Developing countries wanted greater concessions for developing nations. However, negotiations faced challenges in reaching agreements due to differing priorities between developed and developing countries. The DDA negotiations ultimately did not result in a comprehensive agreement.
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
Current economic theory assumes that nations will voluntarily adopt “fair trade” practices.
The U.S. is in a strong bargaining position to negotiate balanced trade relative to partners that drive our trade deficit – in a trade war, they have a lot more to loose.
The U.S. should proactively adopt a tit-for-tat approach to foster trade liberalization and fairness or risk losing the “international trade war”.
Above ‘fair trade” enforcing mechanism would provide crucial time for retraining displaced labor and/or protecting sectors impacted by unfair practices.
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
Current economic theory assumes that nations will voluntarily adopt “fair trade” practices.
The U.S. is in a strong bargaining position to negotiate balanced trade relative to partners that drive our trade deficit – in a trade war, they have a lot more to loose.
The U.S. should proactively adopt a tit-for-tat approach to foster trade liberalization and fairness or risk losing the “international trade war”.
Above ‘fair trade” enforcing mechanism would provide crucial time for retraining displaced labor and/or protecting sectors impacted by unfair practices.
Wtoppt2003 1221290445974421-9
The document provides information about a presentation on the World Trade Organization (WTO). It lists the presenters and their student IDs. It then discusses that the WTO is the global international organization dealing with trade between nations, coming into existence in 1995 to replace GATT. It has 144 member countries currently. The WTO structure and key bodies are described, including the Ministerial Conference and councils overseeing trade in goods, services, and intellectual property. The effects of WTO on countries and sectors like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and economies like India, China, and Russia are also examined.
Human: Thank you for the concise summary. You captured the key details about the WTO and presentation effectively in 3 sentences as
Lecture 3 Trade liberalization
The document discusses trade liberalization efforts from the Great Depression era to the present. It describes how the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act exacerbated the Great Depression by sparking a trade war. In response, the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act of 1934 started negotiating bilateral trade deals. After World War 2, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was signed in 1947 to liberalize global trade, resulting in several negotiation rounds cutting tariffs. The World Trade Organization was established in 1995 as a permanent institution to oversee international trade, including dispute settlement. Criticisms of the WTO include undermining sovereignty and environmental/inequality concerns.
IBM Political Economy of Int Trade
This document provides an overview of international trade policies and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses the arguments for and against government intervention in trade, the history of trade agreements like GATT, challenges faced by the WTO, and topics covered in the Doha Rounds of trade negotiations.
Eco doha ppt
The Doha Development Round was launched in 2001 to further lower trade barriers and make trade rules fairer for developing countries. Key issues included agriculture, patents on medicines, and special treatment for developing countries. India's interests included expanding market access, fostering growth and reducing poverty, while guarding against non-trade issues in the WTO. Potential benefits included increased textile and clothing exports, but India also faced disadvantages like pressures from intellectual property rules and loss of policy space. Unresolved issues that could undermine development included inequalities, lack of safety nets, and inadequate capacity and subsidies for farmers in developing countries.
wto ppt.pptx
The document discusses the history and evolution of international trade agreements from GATT to the World Trade Organization (WTO). It describes how GATT was established in 1947 with 23 founding members to reduce tariffs. Over subsequent rounds and agreements, GATT membership expanded to over 100 countries by the 1980s. This led to the establishment of the WTO in 1995 as a permanent international organization to administer trade rules and resolve disputes. The WTO subsumed agreements on goods, services, intellectual property under one roof, improving upon the GATT system.
World Trade Organization
ITM EEC Batch 13B
Macroeconomics Presentation
By
Sreeja P. Nair
Sreeja V Nair
Ratish Venugopal
Sreevidya Narayanan
Veronica Thomas
Economics global
The document discusses various topics related to international trade and economic organizations. It defines free trade and globalization, and explains how free trade is based on the theory of comparative advantage. Several international organizations that influence global trade and economic policy are described, including the WTO, IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD, OECD, G7/G8 and G20. Criticisms of some organizations and their policies are also mentioned.
WTO and GATT
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed in 1947 as a temporary agreement to reduce tariffs and encourage trade liberalization. It was later transformed into the World Trade Organization in 1995. GATT helped reduce trade barriers and spur global trade growth for decades. However, economic difficulties in the 1970s-1980s led countries to increase nontariff barriers, as GATT had less ability to discipline these types of protectionist policies.
International trade and domestic political influences.pptx
This document provides an overview of international trade and political influences on trade policy. It discusses how governments intervene in international markets through various trade policies like tariffs, subsidies, quotas, and administrative policies. While economists generally support free trade, governments are influenced by domestic interest groups and intervene to protect important industries. The document outlines the political and economic arguments for government intervention and trade barriers. It also traces the development of the current World Trade Organization and discusses some of the challenges it faces in further liberalizing global trade.
CEU lecture 3 2016
The document discusses issues related to international trade, including the theory of comparative advantage, limitations of trade models, barriers to trade such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers, and the impact of trade policies on developing countries. It notes that while free trade can expand global output, it also risks trapping countries in low-value production and limits opportunities for industrialization. Trade liberalization in agriculture has slowed due to policies in rich nations that affect world prices and new non-tariff barriers introduced.
Wto and its impact on indian agriculture, avikal
The document discusses the impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Indian agriculture. It provides background on the establishment of the WTO in 1995 and its key differences from GATT. The WTO Agreement on Agriculture contains provisions for market access, domestic support, and export subsidies. While WTO membership has increased agricultural exports and foreign investment for India, it also exposes domestic farmers to global competition and requires reforms to subsidy programs. The document suggests steps India could take to further boost agricultural exports, such as improving coordination between departments, protecting farmer interests, developing new markets, and increasing infrastructure and quality standards.
Similar to Int 12 (20)
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
International trade and domestic political influences.pptx
International trade and domestic political influences.pptx
More from Gale Pooley
Units States Economic History Lecture 15
This document outlines the key periods in the economic history of the United States from 1776 to the present. It discusses 12 major eras, including the triumph of capitalism from 1865 to 1914 which saw major innovations but also financial panics, as well as the Golden Age of growth from 1945 to 1970 following World War II and the stagflation period of the 1970s. The document provides an overview of the major economic and historical events that defined and impacted different periods of American economic development.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 9
This document provides a summary of the economic history of the United States, focusing on the development of the petroleum industry:
1) Whale oil was originally used for lighting, but demand increased as whale populations declined, causing prices to rise and spurring the search for alternatives like petroleum.
2) Samuel Kier discovered oil as a byproduct in a Pennsylvania salt mine in the 1840s, leading George Bissell and Benjamin Sillman to experiment with distilling petroleum into useful products like kerosene.
3) In 1859, Colonel Drake drilled the first successful oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, launching the American petroleum industry and leading to the development of key petroleum
Econ 1740 Economic History of the U.S. Lecture 7
This document summarizes key topics in economic history and innovation. It discusses major US land acquisitions between 1784-1867 and the dramatic growth in land area. It also profiles Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, pioneers in telecommunications and electricity. Additionally, it outlines the different "capitals" that drive innovation, including physical, human, intellectual, and financial capital, as well as the roles of inventors, entrepreneurs, and free markets in bringing inventions to market as innovations.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 4
This document appears to be lecture notes on the economic history of the United States. It includes the following sections: a practice quiz with 3 questions; instructions for a midterm essay assignment; a list of dates, places, and industries; and sections discussing various types of capital including wealth, cultural capital, idea capital, physical capital, human capital, and intellectual capital. Key terms like entrepreneurship, free markets, innovations, property rights, and rule of law are also mentioned in relation to the country's economic development over time.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 4
This document discusses the economic history of the United States and capitalism in America. It introduces some practice quiz questions about innovators, themes, and early American energy resources. It also discusses different types of capital like physical, human, intellectual, and financial capital. Cultural capital is defined as how people treat each other and is determined by the worldview of leaders, which includes political, legal, and economic factors. Property rights and the rule of law are also mentioned.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 2
The document discusses markets and how they function. A market is where buyers and sellers can discover value by finding someone better at solving a problem. For a trade to occur, the buyer and seller must have overlapping value ranges at a single agreed upon price. The world has seen tremendous economic growth over the past 200 years as population and life expectancy have increased many times over while per capita income has risen by a factor of over 16. Markets convey information through prices more so than just reporting quantities. Shanghai has rapidly developed from 1990 to 2013.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 1
This document contains the syllabus and introductory lecture slides for an economics history course taught by Dr. Gale Pooley. The course will cover the economic history of the United States through readings, writing assignments, quizzes and exams. Key concepts that will be discussed include the finite nature of resources requiring correction through innovation and knowledge, with economics defined as the study of how human beings create value through discovering knowledge. A timeline of economic growth from 1 AD to the present day is also included.
Economic History of the United States - Lecture 3
The document discusses key inventions and their impacts on the U.S. economy from 1793 to 2012. It notes Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 increased cotton productivity 50 times. Samuel Morse's telegraph in 1844 connected Washington D.C. It also shows U.S. farmers made up 90% of employment in 1800 but just 2% by 2012, as technology like gasoline engines replaced manual farm labor.
More from Gale Pooley (20)
Recently uploaded
Seeman_Fiintouch_LLP_Newsletter_Jun_2024.pdf
The Impact of the 2024 Indian
Election Beyond Borders
01. Investment Gyan
02. Market Update
03. Inspiration investment story
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Govt Accounting in Nigeria Prof Oyedokun.pptx
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Govt Accounting in Nigeria Prof Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Government Accounting in Nigeria
Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
Discovering Delhi - India's Cultural Capital.pptx
Delhi, the heartbeat of India, offers a rich blend of history, culture, and modernity. From iconic landmarks like the Red Fort to bustling commercial hubs and vibrant culinary scenes, Delhi's real estate landscape is dynamic and diverse. Discover the essence of India's capital, where tradition meets innovation.
How Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank’s Co-Branded RuPay Credit Card Cater...
The eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, a strategic collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank, represents a significant advancement in India's digital financial landscape. Spearheaded by Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp, the card leverages deep customer insights to offer tailored features such as no joining fees, movie ticket offers, and rewards on UPI transactions. IndusInd Bank's solid banking infrastructure and digital integration expertise ensure seamless service delivery in today's fast-paced digital economy. With a focus on meeting the growing demand for digital financial services, the card aims to cater to tech-savvy consumers and differentiate itself through unique features and superior customer service, ultimately poised to make a substantial impact in India's digital financial services space.
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
欧洲杯投注-欧洲杯投注买球-欧洲杯投注买球网|【网址🎉ac22.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac22.net🎉】欧洲杯投注 Sports 与其他博彩公司相比，其独特之处在于欧洲杯投注 Sports 基于低利润和高营业额的独一无二的体育博彩模式，该模式可以为玩家开出最高的赔率。欧洲杯投注的优势在于中文界面友好，接受人民币投注。他们的开户奖金和实时体育投注界面是大陆玩家的首选。
一比一原版宾夕法尼亚大学毕业证(UPenn毕业证书)学历如何办理
挂科购买【微信号:176555708】【挂科购买(UPenn毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?
Newman Leech's success in the real estate industry is based on key lessons and principles, offering practical advice for new investors and serving as a blueprint for building a successful career.
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
一比一原版(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(cwu毕业证书)美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Recently uploaded (20)
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Govt Accounting in Nigeria Prof Oyedokun.pptx
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Govt Accounting in Nigeria Prof Oyedokun.pptx
How Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank’s Co-Branded RuPay Credit Card Cater...
How Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank’s Co-Branded RuPay Credit Card Cater...
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptx
Importance of community participation in development projects.pdf
Importance of community participation in development projects.pdf
The various stages, after the initial invitation has been made to the public ...
The various stages, after the initial invitation has been made to the public ...
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Int 12
- 2. Lecture 12 - Global Economy ECON 360 International Economics
- 3. Quiz 1. What are the two accounts in balance of payments? 2. If you have a deficit in your current account what do you have in the capital account?
- 6. 1930s Decade of Disaster Smoot Hawley Act 1930 Increased tariffs by 50%
- 7. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT 1947-1994 World Trade Organization WTO 1994 -
- 9. GATT Is not an organization, it’s an agreement. Negotiating Rounds Nine
- 10. Across the Board vs. Product by Product Non-Tariff Protection
- 11. U.S. Congress grants President “Fast-Track” Authority
- 13. Tariffs Developed Countries 3.8 Percent Developing Countries 12.3 Percent
- 16. Uruguay Services - GATS Investments - TRIMs Intellectual Property - TRIPs