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Insects: Classification, Identification and Control
- 1. Insects
- 2. Scientifically classified as : Kingdom Animal Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Arthropods for the biggest phylum in the animal kingdom and the class insecta contains between 1 - 10 million members!+ 80% of all the worlds known animals are insects
- 4. Body divided into 3 distinct segments viz. head, thorax and abdomen Air taken in through spiracles [small holes along body] and circulated through tracheoles to the body organs All have 3 pairs of legs and many have 1 or 2 pairs of wings and
- 5. Fast breeding [ insect populations can increase 60 - 1000 x in a month] Adaptable to changing environments and can survive adverse conditions Cosmopolitan food consumption [ e.g. Tobacco moths eat spices, pasta, petfood, cereals and dried fruit as well]
- 7. Flour beetleFlour beetle TriboliumTribolium speciesspecies
- 10. Life Stages of the flour beetle A- larva B-pupa C-adult
- 19. Sexual attractant for male insects only. Pheromones naturally produces by the female. Often very specific i.e. red flour beetle pheromone will not attract moth species. Act as a monitor – not a control measure Only trap some males – not all Should be replaced 4-6 weekly Do not place where they attract insects in from outside e.g. by open doors Attract within a small range ~ 10 metres
- 25. Flying Insects Cigarette beetle – Lasioderma serricorne Red flour beetle – Tribolium castaneum Indian meal moth – Plodia interpunctella Warehouse moth – Cadra cautella Saw tooth grain beetle – Oryzaephilus suranemensis Drugstore beetle – Stegobium paniceum
- 26. Crawling Insects Confused flour beetle – Tribolium confusum Flour mite – Acarus silo Cockroach – many species Flat grain beetle – Cryptolestes sp.
- 27. EXTERNAL FEEDERS
- 28. Common StoredCommon Stored product Moths andproduct Moths and larvaelarvae
- 30. Indian Meal Moth
- 33. Mediterranean flourMediterranean flour mothmoth Ephestia khuniellaEphestia khuniella
- 35. Chocolate mothChocolate moth Ephestia cautellaEphestia cautella
- 36. Heavy mothHeavy moth webbing insidewebbing inside petfood DFBpetfood DFB
- 39. Mill moth on outside of shrinkwrapMill moth on outside of shrinkwrap
- 40. Cigarette beetleCigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorneLasioderma serricorne
- 41. Cigarette Beetle
- 42. Adult beetles live 23-28 daysAdult beetles live 23-28 days They are strong fliers and are active in subdued lightThey are strong fliers and are active in subdued light at temperatures above 65ºFat temperatures above 65ºF Often will fly on late afternoons and dull cloudyOften will fly on late afternoons and dull cloudy daysdays Adults are not very cold tolerantAdults are not very cold tolerant
- 43. • Eggs are usually laid in cracks, crevicesEggs are usually laid in cracks, crevices and sealsand seals • Egg to adult in 70-90 daysEgg to adult in 70-90 days 5-6 overlapping generations under ideal5-6 overlapping generations under ideal conditions of temperature. 1-3conditions of temperature. 1-3 generations in cooler temperaturesgenerations in cooler temperatures Cigarette Beetle
- 44. Cigarette beetles on dried bell peppersCigarette beetles on dried bell peppers
- 48. SCAVENGERS
- 49. Saw toothSaw tooth Grain beetleGrain beetle OryzaephilusOryzaephilus surinamensissurinamensis
- 50. Saw tooth grain beetle Large node behind eye Merchant grain beetle Small node behind eye
- 52. Saw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping materialSaw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping material
- 53. Saw tooth grain beetles on product cartonsSaw tooth grain beetles on product cartons
- 54. Confused flour beetleConfused flour beetle Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum
- 55. Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Good Flier Confused flour beetleConfused flour beetle Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum Cant flyCant fly
- 56. Flour beetlesFlour beetles under shippingunder shipping carton tapecarton tape
- 58. Copra beetleCopra beetle Necrobia rufipesNecrobia rufipes
- 60. Hide beetle larvae on bulk bag coverHide beetle larvae on bulk bag cover
- 61. Meal worm beetleMeal worm beetle Tenebrio molitorTenebrio molitor
- 62. SECONDARY PESTS
- 63. Foreign grain beetle Ahasverus advena Flat Grain BeetleFlat Grain Beetle Cryptolestes spCryptolestes sp..
- 64. Lesser grainLesser grain borerborer RhizoperthaRhizopertha domenicadomenica Flat grainFlat grain beetlebeetle CryptolestesCryptolestes turciusturcius
- 69. INTERNAL FEEDERS
- 70. Grain weevilGrain weevil SitophilusSitophilus granariusgranarius Rice weevilRice weevil SitophilusSitophilus oryzaeoryzae
- 71. Rice WeevilRice Weevil Sitophilus orzaeSitophilus orzae Granary WeevilGranary Weevil SitophilusSitophilus granariusgranarius
- 72. Maize weevilMaize weevil Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamais Large grainLarge grain borerborer ProstephanusProstephanus truncatustruncatus
- 73. Rodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetlesRodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetles
- 74. MITES
- 75. Flour miteFlour mite Acarus siroAcarus siro
- 77. Mould and mite damage to productMould and mite damage to product
- 79. Live spiders onLive spiders on wall columns -wall columns - chemical foggingchemical fogging shown to beshown to be ineffectiveineffective
- 80. Timber borer damage to wooden palletTimber borer damage to wooden pallet
- 81. Inform relevant personnel and commence immediate action plans - get pest contractor involved immediately Isolate infested stock Inspect this and other areas to assess spread of problem and real risk. Treat or dump infested goods [ Damage ] Treat site / structure - clean , move stock , chemical etc Monitor and review cause of problem and likely source Modify operations to minimise risk of repeat problem Monitor affected areas and stocks for 6 weeks minimum
- 82. Cultural Controls - changes to operation Physical Controls - e.g. fly screens, heat Chemical Controls - fogging , fumigation Biological controls - predators, insect growth regulators [IGR’s]
- 83. Undyed grain bait placed for cricket controlUndyed grain bait placed for cricket control
- 85. PlacementPlacement Often used for flies but equally useful for SPPOften used for flies but equally useful for SPP Entryways, esp. with vestibules are goodEntryways, esp. with vestibules are good controls for flies but will only work forcontrols for flies but will only work for somesome SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies.SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies. Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not visiblePlaced 12-15 feet inside the door and not visible from outsidefrom outside Placed approx. 50 feet apart but varies based onPlaced approx. 50 feet apart but varies based on facility – placed as needed basisfacility – placed as needed basis
- 88. FLIES
- 89. House FlyHouse Fly Musca domesticaMusca domestica Blow/Bottle FlyBlow/Bottle Fly Calliphora spp.Calliphora spp.
- 90. Fruit FlyFruit Fly DrosophilaDrosophila speciesspecies Phorid,Phorid, Humpbacked,Humpbacked, Scuttle FlyScuttle Fly Moth/Drain/Filter/Moth/Drain/Filter/ Sewage Fly,Sewage Fly, PsycodidPsycodid
- 91. There are ~300 species of ferment flies known Female can lay 500-1000 eggs Eggs hatch in 24 hours Larvae live for 3 days then pupate Adults are produced 7-8 days after egg is laid Adults can live for 30 days average Diapause can occur to allow winter survival 16 mesh proofing is needed to exclude adults Adults are strong fliers and light attracted
- 92. Adults can live for 30 days Life cycle is 1-3 weeks Feed on decaying organic matter e.g. in drains Slow flying and easy to identify –tent wings Control is via cleaning and removal of harbourages – cracks and holes near drains
- 93. What insects and how many? What is the root cause of the infestation observed? Breeding inside or outside?