The study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms and their environment”
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Biofloc fish farming for sustainable aquacultureOrganicaBiotech1
Biofloc technology is an emerging, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for sustainable fish farming. Earlier, the biofloc system was used as the means to treat wastewater and control fish production.
fish nutrition and feeding of fish. different methods of feeding fish. fish feeding behavior. daily feed requirements for fish. storage and selection of quality feeds keeping records of fish feeding and feeder types for fish. FCR and Uniform growth of fish are the ultimate goals to be achieved. university of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore.
Parasitism:
It is defined as an intimate and obligatory relationships between two heterospecific organisms during which the parasite, usually the smaller of the two partners is metabolically depended on the host.
Parasitology:
The term ‘parasitology’ is originated from Greek word- ‘Para’ means beside, ‘sitos’ means food and ‘logus’ means study.
It is the branch of science which deals with the study of the relationship between the parasite and host. This discipline includes several approaches to the study of parasitic organisms such as phylogeny, morphology, ecology, life history, physiology, chaemotherapy, serology, immunology and bio chemistry.
Fish parasitology:
It is the branch of science that deals with the study of parasite of fishes. It includes the infection and disease of fish caused by parasite.
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
The study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms and their environment”
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Biofloc fish farming for sustainable aquacultureOrganicaBiotech1
Biofloc technology is an emerging, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for sustainable fish farming. Earlier, the biofloc system was used as the means to treat wastewater and control fish production.
fish nutrition and feeding of fish. different methods of feeding fish. fish feeding behavior. daily feed requirements for fish. storage and selection of quality feeds keeping records of fish feeding and feeder types for fish. FCR and Uniform growth of fish are the ultimate goals to be achieved. university of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore.
Parasitism:
It is defined as an intimate and obligatory relationships between two heterospecific organisms during which the parasite, usually the smaller of the two partners is metabolically depended on the host.
Parasitology:
The term ‘parasitology’ is originated from Greek word- ‘Para’ means beside, ‘sitos’ means food and ‘logus’ means study.
It is the branch of science which deals with the study of the relationship between the parasite and host. This discipline includes several approaches to the study of parasitic organisms such as phylogeny, morphology, ecology, life history, physiology, chaemotherapy, serology, immunology and bio chemistry.
Fish parasitology:
It is the branch of science that deals with the study of parasite of fishes. It includes the infection and disease of fish caused by parasite.
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
Meticulous feed monitoring in shrimp farming coupled with understanding of carrying capacity and culture system enables the shrimp farmer to reap handsome profits
One of the prevailing shrimp diseases in Asia now is white feces disease which causes tremendous economic loss. This article explains what it is and possible control measures.
Indonesia is lucky to escape the rampage of the shrimp disease EMS because of 2 factors: 1. control of its border to shrimp genetic material, and 2. very hygienic pond bottom maintenance
AQUASPURT mobile pond aerator for shrimp & fish farmingAll Win Techology
Mobile pond aerator enormously decreases the expense of water, electricity, and manpower resource. Improve the water quality, and increase the catch yield.
Website: http://www.mobilepondaerator.com/en/
An Overview of Aquaponic Systems: Hydroponic
Components
D. Allen Pattillo
Iowa State University, pattillo@iastate.edu
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrac_techbulletins/19/
Design of automated pressure control switch for bore hole, using visual basic...eSAT Journals
Abstract An Automatic bore-hole control system is designed .In all life endeavors water is needed for various purposes. In the recent time, bore-hole systems are mostly the source of portable water. Hence an automatic bore-hole control system is important in order to reduce drudgery, extra labor cost on bore-hole operation, unnecessary water loss and bottle necks in production process as a result of the lag time in starting the pump for tank refill. A spring loaded pressure control system is used in this design in contrast to floats used in similar control set ups, and is proven to be more effective and reliable .When the tank is empty the pump switches on, and when full switches off automatically. The Visual Basic programming provides an easy means of calculating spring constant needed for various heights. The device can be used for any shape of tank. Keywords: Borehole, Control System, Water, Switch, Visual Basic
List of Water Management_Saving Methods for Apartment Construction Plan in ch...Ishahomes
List of Water Management/Saving Methods for Apartment Construction Plan in chennai
1. Recharging Ground Water in Apartments
Water is essential, and it is a finite resource. Groundwater recharge is one method of water management that can help ensure an adequate water supply for future generations. Groundwater recharge occurs when water from the surface, such as rain or melted snow, seeps down into the ground and replenishes groundwater supplies. This process can happen naturally during rain, or it can be assisted through artificial means. Artificial groundwater recharge is a process whereby water is deliberately infiltrated into shallow aquifers to increase groundwater quantity. This can be done through various methods, such as injecting water into the ground or using percolation pits. The volume of water being abstracted from an aquifer over the long term mustn’t exceed the volume being recharged; otherwise, groundwater supplies will dwindle.
2. Greywater System in Apartments
Looking to save on your water bill? Consider using greywater in your home. Greywater is wastewater from non-toilet plumbing fixtures, like sinks, washing machines and showers. This type of water is generally easier to recycle than blackwater, because it contains fewer contaminants. The method and standard of treatment will depend on the size of your system. To avoid confusion with potable water, make sure all pipes and supply points in your greywater system are clearly labeled. With proper care, a greywater system can help you save up to 40% on your yearly water bill.
3. STP System/ Wastewater Recycling
Wastewater recycling is crucial for preserving our water resources. There are two main types of wastewater – greywater and blackwater. Greywater is easier to treat and recycle than blackwater, which contains harmful bacteria that can cause disease. In order to save our communities from the dangers of raw sewage, one should build wastewater treatment plants and enforce laws against its release into the environment. These treatment plants help us recycle blackwater, making it safe to use again. In recent years, it has been evident that there has been an increasing interest in wastewater reuse as a key part of water conservation efforts. If your society banded together to invest in a sewage treatment plant (STP), it could mean an end to water scarcity and the recycling of water 365 days a year. To make this happen, you would need to get consent for operation from your municipal corporation and employ qualified staff to oversee standard operating procedures. However, if you invested in an eco-friendly STP that uses anaerobic methods and requires little energy, mimicking natural processes, then you could make a huge impact without using diesel or polluting the environment.
Continue reading on https://www.ishahomes.com/blog/water-management-at-apartments-chennai/
This report is a proposal that details a possible hand – washing facility as well as an examination of the cultural and social aspects involved in delivering sanitary hand washing to villages in Cameroon.
The handwashing facility proposed is the Tippy Tap. The tippy tap cuts out the use of manual operation by linking a foot pedal to a water container by a rope. The rope is suspended over a beam, which dispenses the water found in an allocated container following foot pedal operation. The primary material implemented is timber, which is utilised to frame the overall structure comprised of a beam resting on two inclined timber columns. This structural arrangement was considered due to added lateral resistance as opposed to vertical columns. A span between 1.5m and 2m ensures sufficient space for a maximum load of 5 containers. In order to ensure a long – term solution, the foot of the timber columns will be placed into a mixture of cement and sand for added support. Furthermore, the tippy tap design accounts for drainage of used water by means of a shallow gravel pit.
In addition to the design proposal, a maintenance strategy has been outlined to assess and enhance the sustainability of the facilities described. The maintenance section examines possible issues that may arise during the operation of the facilities, a breakdown of these issues and mitigation strategies. The measures taken influence cultural and social attributes, thus the aspect of education and acceptance is of high importance and as such has been accounted within the report. An action plan has been presented to ensure safe, effective and intuitive practice of the facilities stated.
Bottom clean Aquaculture system and It’s Engineering PrincipleDegonto Islam
Bottom clean Aquaculture method is considered an updated version of bio-floc.
The most important tasks here are scientifically removing the waste from the bottom of the reservoir and the rotation of oxygen and food supply to the fishes
In this type of culture system, as the amount of oxygen is higher, it is able to culture fishes 10- 20 times more.
By applying a central toilet which is flushed regularly, practiced microbial management and meticulous feed management, the EMS shrimp disease was alleviated in our shrimp farm
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Innovative ideas in shrimp farming
1. www.aquaasiapac.comMICA (P) 008/10/2013 PPS1699/08/2013(022974)
JANUARY/FEBRUARY2014
Volume 10 Number 1
Innovations in Shrimp Farming
Biofloc and Shrimp Disease
Biofloc to increase Tilapia
Production
Marine Shrimp in Asia in 2013
Selective Growth of Aquafeeds
Developments in Fish & Shrimp
Feed Extrusion
2. lture - The Asia Pacific Ad (13INST100)
x 6.929” (130mmx176mm) print: 4-color /cmyk
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SHRIMPCULTURE
Innovative ideas in shrimp farming
By Poh Yong Thong
Success is from innovation: this article presents several new ideas.
During the course of my work, I was able to travel to many farms in
Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand and have seen many interesting
innovations developed by farmers. These novel innovations are
the results of many trials and errors of creative farmers, to whom
we sometimes forget to pay tribute. In this article, I would like to
acknowledge and thank the originators of these ingenious ideas and to
those who shared them with me.
Auto-on paddlewheel switches
Some of the most critical moments for many shrimp farms happen
at night. When the sun sets and photosynthesis stops, all pond life
forms that respire start to extract oxygen from the water. If there is a
power failure and the aerators are not switched on immediately, the
consequence is oxygen deficiency leading to shrimp dying.
In addition, when a paddlewheel is first started (as is in the case of
any heavy electrical machinery), due to inertia, more current is needed
to kick start the machine. This is analogous to the need to use low gear
to start your car. There is a spike on the power consumption many times
more than the running power of the paddlewheel. Imagine a farm with
100paddlewheels.Iftheyaretobeswitchedonsimultaneously,thepower
delivery device may burn out. Usually, farms manage this by getting the
farm workers to switch the paddlewheels one after another or in groups.
In a small farm in Kudat in Sabah, Malaysia, one farmer has an
ingenious innovation: an auto-on device. This is a first in a small
farm. This ingenious innovation has a timer starter and each one
controls five or six paddlewheel switches. When the power supply
resumes or when the standby generator is switched on, the auto-on
device starts switching on the paddlewheels in sets of 5 or 6; each
set can be arranged to be switched on by perhaps a time differential
of 10 seconds. So the spike will not be simultaneous and there will
be no burn-out. This sounds simple but it took more than 20 years
for someone to apply the technology to switching on the aerators in a
shrimp farm.
A timer-starter allows
phased starting of sets
of aerators.
January/February 2014 AQUA Culture Asia Pacific Magazine | 13
3. SHRIMPCULTURE
Water sampling bottle
The scientific device which is used in limnology studies for water
quality analysis may be expensive for small shrimp farms. This
ingenious implement is assembled using recycled materials as shown
in the illustration below.
Water sampler being used.
Figure 1: Schematic drawing of the construction of a water sampler
The top of the hose is closed with the thumb and the bottle lowered
into the desired water depth. When the thumb is released, water gushes
into the bottle. The top of the hose is then closed again with the thumb
and the bottle lifted out of the water. The hole at the bottom is aimed at
a receptacle and when the thumb is released from the top of the hose,
water flows into the receptacle to be used in water analysis.
Dispensing chemicals/probiotics directly
to the sludge area
The area with the worst water quality in a pond is invariably around the
sludge area and normally at the pond centre. Chemicals or probiotics
aimed at improving water quality can be delivered directly to this area
instead of all over the pond. The design consists of a 30 or 50 L tank
connected by a 1 inch pipe (2.5cm) or hose controlled by a valve to the
central sludge area.
Chemicals or probiotics are added to the tank followed by water.
The mixture is stirred and then the valve is opened. The mixture flows
by gravity to the central sludge area.
Figure 2: Schematic drawing of delivery system for chemicals or
probiotics directly to the sludge area
Delivery system for chemicals or probiotics directly to the sludge area.
Partial harvesting from the bund
This large lift net design used for partial harvesting of shrimp was first
found in a Tuaran shrimp farm in Sabah in 2007. The net measures
about 6 m x 3.5 m and has galvanised iron (GI) pipes of 1.5 inch
(3.75cm) diameter on both sides.
Each of the bottom ends of the GI pipes is cast in a ball of concrete
about the size of a football and the lower end of the pipe is tied to a
peg near the slope of the bund. The net is weighed down by leads. To
begin harvesting, the ropes holding up the GI pipes are released and
the GI pipes fall flat but almost perpendicular to the bund. Feed is
broadcasted onto the net and left for about 10 minutes. The GI pipes
with the net are lifted up using the ropes. Around 100 kg of shrimp can
be harvested when the net is lifted.
Paddlewheel arrangement in long ponds
In the first decade in shrimp farming, most ponds are rectangular in
shape. Since water moves in circles, the currents will always cut across
rectangular ponds midway of the longer side. Nowadays, most ponds
are designed in square shapes. In the Google Earth photo, the ponds
Figure 3: Schematic drawing of partial harvest net.
Photos showing partial harvest net.
14 | January/February 2014 AQUA Culture Asia Pacific Magazine
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are about 8,000 m2
. The farmer is able to position the paddlewheels in
such a way that the pond has two currents. There are two sludge areas.
Google Earth image to show arrangement of paddlewheels in a long pond
Figure 4: Arrangement of paddlewheels in a long pond. Two central
sludge areas are created.
Central sludge removal system
This system is found in many Indonesian farms especially in Sumbawa.
The central sludge is removed through an 8 or 10 inch (20 or 25cm)
concealed pipe to the outlet canal. In a farm where the same canal is
used for inlet and outlet, this system is not advisable.
Photos showing central sludge removal system
Perhaps it is very pertinent to point out here that of all the farms
found in Asia, Indonesia has the most elaborate sludge removal
system. Most farms (more than 80%) have built in sludge removal
systems. In addition, siphoning of the sludge is very common in
Indonesian farms. Some farms even employ breathing aids to allow
their workers to siphon the pond up to 2 hours continuously without
surfacing (see article on ‘Prevention and Control of IMNV in vannamei
shrimp in Indonesia’, p12, issue September/October 2013). Could this
practice to reduce accumulation of sludge in pond bottoms be a way to
avoid EMS/AHPND in Indonesia?
January/February 2014 AQUA Culture Asia Pacific Magazine | 15
5. SHRIMPCULTURE
Concluding remarks
These innovations make shrimp farming more efficient and are
examples of evolving ideas which have contributed to increased
productivity.
The airlift not only aerates the water but also helps to move the water.
The polystyrene keeps the cable joint afloat.
Using bags of soil to partition canal
The ability to improvise allows shrimp farmers to succeed in their
endeavours, especially when facing difficult situations. In the example
here, the Thai farm was located in a low-lying area, with the outlet
canal at a higher water level most of the time. The farmer blocked the
canal using bags of soil and pumped out the water, thereby allowing
harvest through the water gate.
A makeshift dam made of bags of soil allows draining of the outlet canal to
enable harvesting in low lying area.
Poh Yong Thong is general manager,
Nutrition and Technical Service in PT Gold
Coin Indonesia. He has 28 years experience in
aquaculture, both technical and in management.
Email: yt.poh@goldcoin-id.com or
poyoto2002@yahoo.com
Water mover airlift
Paddlewheels are good in moving water, but aeration using tubing with
fine pores can add oxygen more efficiently to the water. What about a
design which aerates, but at the same time also moves water forward?
This design is already quite widely used in Indonesia. It is difficult
to say who is the originator of this design. The best designs that I
have seen are in a farm in eastern Lampung, Sumatra and in another
farm in Probolingo, Java. We salute these creative farmers. It is
through them that new and more efficient ways of farming shrimp are
being developed.
Sometimes the electrical cables to the aerators are too short. So the
farmer has to join two together. In the salty pond water, one way of keeping
the joint above the water is to use a polystyrofoam as in the picture.
16 | January/February 2014 AQUA Culture Asia Pacific Magazine