Louis Pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole, france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY.He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris.Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”
The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis In WisconsinDr. Fred J. Born
This PowerPoint covers the history of bovine TB and the changes in the testing cattle for this disease. Describes the important role Wisconsin veterinarians made in the eradication of bovine TB in Wisconsin and the nation.
A complete series of photos of the instruments used
in testing cattle for bovine TB are shown.
Public health and Community medicine as a professional career; awareness & op...Dr. Shatanik Mondal
Public health and community medicine is an enormously diverse and dynamic field enthralling with so many sub-specialities. It has grown from infection prevention to chronic diseases, mental health, environmental health, bioterrorism, demography and many more. Public health is still at its infancy in India, but there is a huge potential in the next 10-15 years. MBBS students in India find it very difficult to digest community medicine as a subject in their curriculum in general till now. This presentation will show the importance of the subject and how they can think community medicine as their future career, all its job prospects and opportunities.
Where has public health been in the last 500 years? John Middleton
As part of the celebrations of the Royal College of Physicians of London 500 year anniversary, a presentation made at the RCPL History of Medicine conference, October 26th 2018. A look at the parallel 500 years of mainly English public health- heroes, events, and progress. With a global look at the role of the East India company as a monopoly corporation reeking destruction and damaging health in its path, much as multinational corporations such as Big Tobacco, and Big Food do today. 181026 middleton j 500 years of public health.
181026 final middleton j 500 years of public health
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
Contribution of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Alexa...mallicktoufeeq8
Unveiling the Invisible: Microbes & their Marvelous Masters
Science owes a debt of gratitude to these giants of microbiology who dared to explore the unseen world.
Leeuwenhoek: Opened the door with his powerful microscopes, revealing the "little animalcules" we now know as bacteria.
Pasteur: Championed the "germ theory," explaining food spoilage, fermentation, and disease. His pasteurization technique and rabies vaccine stand as testaments to his impact.
Koch: Established the link between specific microbes and specific diseases, solidifying the germ theory and paving the way for targeted interventions.
Lister: Revolutionized surgery with antiseptic techniques, dramatically reducing infection rates and saving countless lives.
Fleming: Inadvertently discovered penicillin, ushering in the era of antibiotics and transforming the fight against bacterial infections.
Jenner: Developed the world's first vaccine against smallpox, laying the foundation for future vaccines and improving global health.
These pioneers unveiled the invisible, forever changing our understanding of the microbial world and its impact on our lives. Their legacies continue to inspire and guide scientific exploration, ensuring a healthier future for all.
Louis Pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole, france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY.He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris.Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”
The Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis In WisconsinDr. Fred J. Born
This PowerPoint covers the history of bovine TB and the changes in the testing cattle for this disease. Describes the important role Wisconsin veterinarians made in the eradication of bovine TB in Wisconsin and the nation.
A complete series of photos of the instruments used
in testing cattle for bovine TB are shown.
Public health and Community medicine as a professional career; awareness & op...Dr. Shatanik Mondal
Public health and community medicine is an enormously diverse and dynamic field enthralling with so many sub-specialities. It has grown from infection prevention to chronic diseases, mental health, environmental health, bioterrorism, demography and many more. Public health is still at its infancy in India, but there is a huge potential in the next 10-15 years. MBBS students in India find it very difficult to digest community medicine as a subject in their curriculum in general till now. This presentation will show the importance of the subject and how they can think community medicine as their future career, all its job prospects and opportunities.
Where has public health been in the last 500 years? John Middleton
As part of the celebrations of the Royal College of Physicians of London 500 year anniversary, a presentation made at the RCPL History of Medicine conference, October 26th 2018. A look at the parallel 500 years of mainly English public health- heroes, events, and progress. With a global look at the role of the East India company as a monopoly corporation reeking destruction and damaging health in its path, much as multinational corporations such as Big Tobacco, and Big Food do today. 181026 middleton j 500 years of public health.
181026 final middleton j 500 years of public health
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
Contribution of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Alexa...mallicktoufeeq8
Unveiling the Invisible: Microbes & their Marvelous Masters
Science owes a debt of gratitude to these giants of microbiology who dared to explore the unseen world.
Leeuwenhoek: Opened the door with his powerful microscopes, revealing the "little animalcules" we now know as bacteria.
Pasteur: Championed the "germ theory," explaining food spoilage, fermentation, and disease. His pasteurization technique and rabies vaccine stand as testaments to his impact.
Koch: Established the link between specific microbes and specific diseases, solidifying the germ theory and paving the way for targeted interventions.
Lister: Revolutionized surgery with antiseptic techniques, dramatically reducing infection rates and saving countless lives.
Fleming: Inadvertently discovered penicillin, ushering in the era of antibiotics and transforming the fight against bacterial infections.
Jenner: Developed the world's first vaccine against smallpox, laying the foundation for future vaccines and improving global health.
These pioneers unveiled the invisible, forever changing our understanding of the microbial world and its impact on our lives. Their legacies continue to inspire and guide scientific exploration, ensuring a healthier future for all.
contribution of scientists in the field of microbiology:
Authors note: the information is gathered from various sources, and search engines, the author thanks these sources and the information is intended for academic & education purpose only
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Innovation and Re-Invention: Connaught Laboratories, Biotechnology and Canadian Public Health
1. Innovation & Re-Invention: Connaught Laboratories, Biotechnology & Canadian Public Health Tuesday, September 7, 2010 FitzGerald Building Room 103 Introduction to CHL 5004 for Incoming Class Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto By Christopher J. Rutty, Ph.D. Medical Historian, Consultant Health Heritage Research Services http://healthheritageresearch.com
3. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Louis Pasteur
4. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Origins – Dr. J.G. FitzGerald’s Public Health Vision
5. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Origins – Dr. J.G. FitzGerald’s Public Health Vision 1914-1921 – Antitoxins, WWI, Smallpox & Pandemic Influenza Vaccines
6. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Origins – Dr. J.G. FitzGerald’s Public Health Vision 1914-1921 – Antitoxins, WWI, Smallpox & Pandemic Influenza Vaccines 1922-1940 – Insulin, Diphtheria &, Pertussis Vaccines
7. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Origins – Dr. J.G. FitzGerald’s Public Health Vision 1914-1921 – Antitoxins, WWI, Smallpox & Pandemic Influenza Vaccines 1922-1940 – Insulin, Diphtheria &, Pertussis Vaccines 1941-1945 – WWII, Penicillin & 1 st Pediatric DP & DPT Combination Vaccines
8. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Origins – Dr. J.G. FitzGerald’s Public Health Vision 1914-1921 – Antitoxins, WWI, Smallpox & Pandemic Influenza Vaccines 1922-1940 – Insulin, Diphtheria &, Pertussis Vaccines 1941-1945 – WWII, Penicillin & 1 st Pediatric DP & DPT Combination Vaccines 1946-1955 – Virus Research, Synthetic Media & Salk Polio Vaccine
9. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance 1956-1972 – DPT-Polio, Pandemic Influenza, Sabin Polio, & Smallpox Eradication
10. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance 1956-1972 – DPT-Polio, Pandemic Influenza, Sabin Polio & Smallpox Eradication 1972-1989 – University of Toronto Sale, Swiftwater Acquisition, New Partnerships
11. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance 1956-1972 – DPT-Polio, Pandemic Influenza, Sabin Polio & Smallpox Eradication 1972-1989 – University of Toronto Sale, Swiftwater Acquisition, New Partnerships 1989-1999 – Institute Mérieux Takeover, New Vaccine Combinations, Acellular Pertussis and Pentacel, Aventis Pasteur Creation
12. Overview: Connaught’s Historical Contributions: Biological Products of Medical Significance 1956-1972 – DPT-Polio, Pandemic Influenza, Sabin Polio & Smallpox Eradication 1972-1989 – University of Toronto Sale, Swiftwater Acquisition, New Partnerships 1989-1999 – Institute Merieux Takeover, New Vaccine Combinations, Acellular Pertussis and Pentacel, Aventis Pasteur Creation 2000-2010 – Sanofi Pasteur Creation, Showcasing a Unique Legacy
13. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
14. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1885 - Pasteur Rabies Treatment discovered by Louis Pasteur in France Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
15. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1885 - Pasteur Rabies Treatment discovered by Louis Pasteur in France 1888 - Pasteur Institute founded in Paris Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
16. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1885 - Pasteur Rabies Treatment discovered by Louis Pasteur in France 1888 - Pasteur Institute founded in Paris 1890 - Diphtheria Antitoxin discovered by Emil Behring in Germany Dr Emil Behring Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
17. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1885 - Pasteur Rabies Treatment discovered by Louis Pasteur in France 1888 - Pasteur Institute founded in Paris 1890 - Diphtheria Antitoxin discovered by Emil Behring in Germany 1891 – Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine established in Great Britain Dr Joseph Lister Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
18. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1885 - Pasteur Rabies Treatment discovered by Louis Pasteur in France 1888 - Pasteur Institute founded in Paris 1890 - Diphtheria Antitoxin discovered by Emil Behring in Germany 1891 – Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine established in Great Britain 1895 - New York City Public Health Laboratories created Dr William H. Park, Director, NYC Public Health Laboratories Prelude: 1796 - Edward Jenner demonstrated immunizing value of Smallpox Vaccine
19. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1882 - Ontario Provincial Board of Health (1st in Canada) Ontario Legislature, Queen’s Park, Toronto
20. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1882 - Ontario Provincial Board of Health (1st in Canada) 1886 - Ontario Smallpox Vaccine Farm established in Palmerston
21. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1882 - Ontario Provincial Board of Health (1st in Canada) 1886 - Ontario Smallpox Vaccine Farm established in Palmerston 1890 - Ontario Provincial Laboratory established (1st in North America) Ontario Public Health Laboratories, 5 Queen’s Park Circle, Toronto
22. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1882 - Ontario Provincial Board of Health (1st in Canada) 1886 - Ontario Smallpox Vaccine Farm established in Palmerston 1890 - Ontario Provincial Laboratory established (1st in North America) 1910 - Department of Hygiene, University of Toronto, established Dr J.A. Amyot, 1 st Professor of Hygiene, U. of T. & Director, Ontario Board of Health Laboratory U. Of T. Dept. of Hygiene had a Museum of Hygiene behind this door
23. Key Global & Canadian Public Health Foundations, 1882-1910 1882 - Ontario Provincial Board of Health (1st in Canada) 1886 - Ontario Smallpox Vaccine Farm established in Palmerston 1890 - Ontario Provincial Laboratory established (1st in North America) 1910 - Department of Hygiene, University of Toronto, established 1910 - Canadian Pubic Health Association founded, Duke of Connaught, first patron For more background visit: http://cpha100.ca eBook: This Is Public Health: A Canadian History
46. Insulin: The ‘Greatest’ Invention To learn more about the discovery, development & legacy of the Discovery of Insulin in Toronto, visit the poster exhibit outside the Diabetes Clinic at Toronto General Hospital, 12th floor, Eaton Wing. Posters also viewable at: http://healthheritageresearch.com
47. The School of Hygiene: Connaught HQ, 1927-1955 The discovery of Insulin drew considerable international attention to the U of T, particularly from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York In 1925, the foundation provided funding for the establishment of a School of Hygiene for the expansion of public health education, and also to provide new research, laboratory, production and administrative facilities for Connaught
107. Increase in adolescent pertussis with decrease in infant pertussis New Challenges: Adolescent and Adult Pertussis Adolescent and adult pertussis began to increase in the 1990s in Canada just as incidence in infants and children was coming down due to the 5-component combination vaccine distributed in Pentacel. The need for an adolescent and adult pertussis vaccine led to the development of Adacel
108.
109.
110. From Aventis Pasteur to Sanofi Pasteur: Maintaining Connaught’s Canadian Identity into the 21 st Century
Slide 6 1916-17 – Canada gets serious about Smallpox Vaccine - Connaught assumed responsibility for smallpox vaccine production in 1916, acquiring the assets of the Ontario Vaccine Farm, which had been producing vaccine in Palmerston since 1885 - Connaught helped by the New York City Health Department Laboratory getting production started with supplies of an original Jenner Vaccinia strain and bulk vaccine to meet immediate Canadian demands - Connaught’s full vaccine production began in 1917. Most of its first lots supplied to the Canadian Armed Services, and then, shortly after the war, to fight major smallpox outbreaks in the Toronto and Ottawa areas
While smallpox vaccine was a very effective weapon to prevent that disease, the great influenza pandemic of 1918-19 brought Connaught scientists face to face with a deadly infectious threat that could not be prevented with a vaccine, despite a valiant effort to try to prepare one during the peak of the emergency. Not unlike the recent experience with SARS in Toronto and elsewhere, especially in China, during the influenza pandemic there were frantic efforts to identify the cause of the disease and hopefully prepare a vaccine that might prevent it. Scientists had first targeted a bacterium, B. influenza , as the cause of influenza in 1892 and then prepared a vaccine based on a variety of strains isolated from influenza cases. When the epidemic started in 1918, the New York City Health Department prepared such a vaccine and supplied what were thought to be influenza strains to Connaught for preparing a Canadian vaccine.
Working day and night in the cramped Antitoxin Laboratory in the University of Toronto Medical Building basement, a small team under the direction of Dr. R.D. Defries, supplied the Connaught influenza vaccine in large quantities, and free of charge, to provincial health departments, hospitals, the military and other public health services across the country. Due to this unprecedented emergency, Connaught made no claims for the effectiveness of the vaccine, but kept careful records so that it could be evaluated. However, as the epidemic eased it became increasingly clear that the influenza bacterium was not responsible for the disease, but, as was discovered in 1933, it was due to a virus.
Slide 17 1967-68 – Energizing Smallpox Eradication - In 1966, the WHO turned to Connaught to serve as one of two International Smallpox Vaccine Reference Centers for the global eradication campaign. The second Reference Center was located at the RIJKS Institute in the Netherlands - In 1967 the Pan American Health Organization asked Drs Fenje and R.J. Wilson to serve as consultants to help local smallpox vaccine producers in South America improve the quality of their vaccine.