Resumen y vocabulario básico de inglés para pruebas Saber 11. Phrasal Verbs Vocabulary

2. *

4. *
* “in” is being within something, inside the
edges of something.
the morning, the evening, the afternoon,
the Easter holiday, the winter, the
summer, in 2018, in the 21st century,
August, December in three hours

5. *
*The preposition “on” is used to talk
about the position of something on
surfaces on surfaces like walls or
tables.
Mondays, Friday, Christmas day,
Saturday night, a cold day, that day,
Easter Monday, on June 15th, Friday
morning

6. *
* “at” is used to talk about
specific places or points in
space.
9 o’clock, Christmas, Easter,
noon, night, midnight, the
weekend, lunch time, dinner,
that time, the moment

8. COUNTABLE: can be expressed in
plural form, usually with an "s."
For example, "cat--cats," "season--
seasons," "student--students."
UNCOUNTABLE: usually cannot be
expressed in a plural form. For
example, "milk," "water," "air,"
"money," "food." Usually, you can't
say, "He had many moneys."

9. A little or a few

10. Adverb of Time- “when” something happens. Yesterday, tomorrow,
always

11. Adverb of Place–this tells something about
“where”. Everywhere, there, Abroad, Across,
Ahead, Back, Beyond, Down, Indoors, Yonder ...
Close the door when you go ___________.
Out / Westward / Lightly / Here
The cat is hiding ____ the couch.
On / Underneath / Somewhere / There
Will you be starting your plants _____ or in a greenhouse?
Round / Home / Outside / Around
The ship sailed __, encountering heavy weather along the
way.
Up / Down / Northwards / Backwards
When she saw me waiting, she ran __ me.
Around / Towards / Through / Forward
Underneath Debajo
Westward Hacia el oeste
Northwards Hacia el norte
Backwards Hacia atrás
Towards Hacia
Through Mediante
Yonder allá

12. Adverb of Degree–are used to modify verbs: very, fairly ,
extremely, pretty
demasiado
algo
apenas

15. 1 B 11 C 21 A 31 D 41 A
2 C 12 A 22 C 32 C 42 B
3 A 13 B 23 C 33 A 43 D
4 C 14 A 24 A 34 B 44 C
5 C 15 C 25 B 35 C 45 B
6 A 16 A 26 C 36 B
7 C 17 C 27 A 37 D
8 G 18 B 28 C 38 C
9 H 19 B 29 A 39 A
10 D 20 B 30 B 40 B

16. *
AcrossBelow
Over Inside

17. *

18. *A conjunction is used to connect
words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Conjunctions are considered to be
invariable grammar particle, and they
may or may not stand between items
they conjoin.

19. *
*Este tipo de conjunción se utiliza cuando queremos enlazar dos
frases que tienen el mismo valor. Siempre van entre las frases o
palabras.
* and (y)
*but (pero)
*however (sin embargo)
*or (o)
*so (así que)
*then (entonces)
*therefore (por lo tanto)
*yet (aún)

20. *
* She works at a bank and goes to
university.(Trabaja en un banco y va a la
universidad.)
* I like to swim in the ocean, but only if
the water is warm.(Me gusta nadar en el
océano, pero sólo si el agua está caliente.)
* We can study now or later.(Podemos
estudiar ahora o más tarde.)

21. *
*Se utiliza este tipo de conjunción cuando una de las frases depende
de la otra (frase subordinada). La frase subordinada no tiene
sentido sin la otra. La mayoría de conjunciones son subordinantes.
*although (aunque)
*as (como)
*after (después)
*before (antes)
*if (si)
*since (ya que)
*so that (para que)
*until (hasta)
* when(cuando)…

22. *
* I have been working at the bank since 2005.(Llevo
trabajando en el banco desde 2005.)
* She is studying English so that she can move to
London.(Está estudiando inglés para que pueda
mudarse a Londres.)
* They went to the beach although it was
raining.(Fueron a la playa aunque estaba
lloviendo.)

23. and y
moreover además
furthermore además
besides y
in addition además
additionally además
as como, cuando, mientras
as…as tan…como
as long as siempre que, con tal de que
as soon as en cuanto, tan pronto… como
as well as además de, así como, también
both…and no sólo, sino también,

24. Because porque
but pero, sino
nevertheless sin embargo, no obstante
however sin embargo
although aunque
though aunque
even though aunque
even if aunque
yet sin embargo,

25. either…or o…o
if si
in case en caso de que, por si
in order to para, con objeto de
neither…nor ni…ni
nor ni
now that ahora que
or o
once una vez que
since desde que
so así que
so that para que
then entonces
therefore por lo tanto,

26. unless a menos que
until hasta que
when cuando
whereas mientras que
whether si
whether…or si…o
indeed De hecho
in fact De hecho
after después de
before antes de

27. *
*WHO: Subject position
Who made this decisión?
*WHOM: Object position
Whom do you think we should suppor?
To whom do you wish to speak?

28. *
*are all used to show contrast and are used for the same
meaning.
*‘in spite of’ and ‘despite’ are placed in front of a noun or
pronoun
*‘despite’ does NOT have ‘of’ after it.
*‘although’ is used in front of a subject and a verb.
*If ‘in spite of’ and ‘despite’ are used in front of the phrase
‘the fact that’ then they can be used with a subject and a
verb.
*‘even though’ can be used the same way as ‘although’.
For most native speakers ‘even though’ is slightly stronger
than ‘although’.

31. *
*Rather than - shows preference. This expression is
generally used in 'parallel' structures.
*Instead of - suggests that one person, thing or
action replaces another.

33. *

34. *
*Comparative adjectives are used to compare
differences between the two objects they modify
(larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in
sentences where two nouns are compared, in this
pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative
adjective + than + noun (object).

35. My house is larger than hers.
This box is smaller than the one I lost.
Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I
like Jack better.

36. *
*Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object
which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the
tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They
are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a
group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative
adjective + noun (object).

37. My house is the largest one in our
neighborhood.
This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My
rock flew the highest.

38. *
Adjective Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
sad sadder saddest
happy happier happiest
simple simpler simplest
busy busier busiest
tilted more tilted most tilted
tangled more tangled most tangled
important more important most important
expensive more expensive most expensive

39. Good:
Better
The best
Bad:
Worse
The worst

42. *
*The apostrophe ( ’ ) has three
uses: contractions, plurals, and possessives.
Plurals (rare exception)
*He received four A’s and two B’s.
*We hired three M.D.’s and two D.O.’s.
*Be sure to cross your t’s and dot your i’s.
*Do we have more yes’s than no’s?

43. *
*No es la única manera de indicar posesión en
inglés, otras alternativas al genitivo sajón son
los posesivos y la preposición “of”.
1. Mediante la preposición of, (de), que se usa
normalmente cuando el poseedor no es una
persona:
The window of the house
2. Cuando el poseedor es una persona o animal,
se emplea una forma particular, se añade un
apóstrofo y una s ('s)
My brother's car

44. 1. Cuando el poseedor es solo uno, el orden de la frase es:
*Poseedor + Apóstrofo + S + La cosa poseída
* Paul's heart
1. Si los poseedores son varios, el orden de la frase es:
*Los poseedores (plural) + Apóstrofo + La cosa poseída
*My brothers' clock
1. Cuando el nombre en plural no termina en s se aplica la
misma norma que para un solo poseedor
*The women's books

45. *Cuando detallamos nombrando a los distintos
poseedores, solamente el último refiere el
genitivo:
John and Ann's cars Los coches son de ambos
John's and Ann's cars Cada uno tiene su propio
coche

46. *Se limita (con algunas excepciones) para
personas y animales.
A woman’s hat = a hat for a woman
A boy’s name = a name for a boy
A bird’s egg = an egg laid by a bird
Spain´s monuments are very nice

55. *
*Too is used for emphasis also, but it means
‘more than needed’ or ‘more than enough.’ It
is used to show that something
is bad (negative) or that something is over the
desired limit.
*So is used before an adjective
for emphasis (to make the statement
stronger).

56. *So is used like very or extremely. It’s
another way of saying to a great degree.
*Hawaii is so beautiful! It’s so peaceful,
but it’s so far and so expensive.
*Too has the opposite
meaning. Too means more than needed,
more than necessary, or more than
enough. Too is a negative expression.
*“I love Hawaii, but it’s too far and too
expensive.”

57. *
*She is so skinny.
*Her new boyfriend is so handsome.
*Don’t be so naïve!
*He drives so fast.
*Her new outfit is so lovely.
*The cake she made for my birthday is so beautiful!
*This movie is so long.

58. *
*We don’t see her very often. She lives too far away.
*Turn the music down. It’s too loud!
*She drives too fast.
*Don’t work too hard!
*Don’t stay out too late. You have to get up early
tomorrow!
*She tried memorizing the textbook the night before the
exam, but it was too little, too late.

60. 1 H 11 B 21 B 31 B
2 A 12 C 22 A 32 B
3 C 13 A 23 C 33 D
4 D 14 C 24 A 34 A
5 B 15 C 25 B 35 C
6 B 16 B 26 D
7 C 17 B 27 B
8 C 18 A 28 A
9 A 19 B 29 C
10 A 20 C 30 D

61. *

68. ZERO CONDITIONAL (TYPE ZERO)
Es el más básico. Lo utilizaremos cuando queramos
contar verdades universales. Eso que es sí o sí a
ciencia cierta. Hablaremos en Presente.
Formación Estructura: IF + Sujeto + Present Tense +
Sujeto + Perfect Tense
Ejemplo: If I work too much, I cry.

69. FIRST CONDITIONAL
Utilizaremos esta categoría de condicional, cuando la
situación llegue a ser real, o posible (cuidado que aquí ya
entran en juego las probabilidades). Por lo tanto, hablamos
de acciones o situaciones de un futuro.
Formación Estructura: IF + Sujeto + Present Simple +
Sujeto + WILL * (Verbo Modal) + Verbo + Resto Frase
Ejemplo: If it rains today, I’ll stay at home.
If you feel sick, you must stay in bed.

70. SECOND CONDITIONAL
Es el denominado el condicional imaginario, irreal o
hipotética, del pasado. Como un deseo o sueño que
deseamos que hubiese ocurrido en el pasado.
Formación Estructura: If + Sujeto + Past Perfect Tense +
Parte del “sueño” + Sujeto + WOULD + Infinitivo + Resto
del “sueño”.
Ejemplo: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the
world.
OJO: Si queremos utilizar el verbo To Be, en la primera
parte de la oración, ejemplo: si yo fuera… será If
I WERE…

71. THIRD CONDITIONAL
Utilizaremos este tipo de condicional, cuando queramos
hablar de una situación pasada que no podemos cambiar. La
condición es imposible y su consecuencia es imaginaria. Es
conocido como el “condicional de la imposiblidad” o el
condicional del lamento.
Formación Estructura: If + Sujeto + Pasado Perfecto + Parte
de la frase + Sujeto + WOULD HAVE + Participio Pasado
+ Resto Frase.
Ejemplo: If I had passed my driving test, I would
have bought a car.

72. If we spoke better English, we ____ (move) to the United
States.
If we spoke better English, we would move to the United
States.
If it ____ (rain), we should go to the movies.
If it rains , we should go to the movies.
If Peter ____ (work) less, he would have more time to study.
If Peter worked less, he would have more time to study.
It would have been a nice holiday, if I ____ (break, not) my
leg.
It would have been a nice holiday, if I had not broken /
hadn't broken my leg.

73. _____ you _____ (go) to a different show if you can't get
tickets to “Avengers"?
Will you go to a different show if you can't get tickets to
“Avengers"?
If she were shorter, she ____ (wear) high heels more often.
If she were shorter, she would wear high heels more often.
_____ you _____ (be) angry if I hadn't called to tell you I
would be late?
Would you have been angry if I hadn't called to tell you I
would be late?
They ____ (wait, not) in the rain, had you called them to
tell them you were going to be late.
They would not have waited in the rain, had you called
them to tell them you were going to be late.

74. *