3. . We use the PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about TIMETABLES, such as school schedules, TV
programmes, train timetables...So, in this activity you have to use the PRESENT SIMPLE with future
meaning:
• ) Tomorrow morning Anne and Tom
• go to Liverpool to visit their grandparents.
• are going to Liverpool to visit their grandparents.
• is going to Liverpool to visit their grandparents.
• b) I think tonight's film
• start at 9:00 on channel 4
• is starting at 9:00 on channel 4
• starts at 9:00 on channel 4
• c) Our students
• are taking a very difficult English test next week
• take a very difficult English test next week
• takes a very difficult English test next week
4. • The present simple can have a future meaning when we talk about timetables (for
buses, trains or planes) or schedules (for concerts, films or theatre).
• • "What time does Simon's plane get in?"
• • — "His plane gets in at five."
• • "And what time does the film start?"
• • — "It starts at seven, so he should get there in time."
• The present simple has a future meaning when we use it to talk about fixed plans.
• "When do you start work?"
• • — "I usually start at nine, but on Thursday I start at ten."
7. • We use be to + infinitive when discussing formal or official arrangements or to give formal instructions or
orders and your examples illustrate these aspects very well. Further examples might be:
• The Prime Minister is to make a further visit to Devon next week.
• I don't mind her going to Ruth's party but she's not to be back late.
• You are not to leave this house without my permission. Is that clear?
• The be to + infinitive structure is also frequently used in newspaper, radio and television reports to refer to
future events. It expresses near certainty that what is forecast will happen. Study the following:
• A man is to appear in court later this morning charged with the murder of the footballer, Darren Gough.
• The Ministry of Trade and Industry has announced that it is to move three thousand jobs out of the
capital and re-locate them in the North East.
• Work is to begin this week on the new bridge across the Nile north of Aswan.
8. • We often use be to + infinitive in the if-clause in conditional sentences when talking about preconditions for
something to happen. Study the following:
If we are to catch that train, we shall have to leave now.
If I were to increase my offer from five hundred to five hundred and fifty pounds, would you be interested
in selling me your car then?
If we are to solve the world's pollution problems, we must address environmental issues now.
• Be to + passive infinitive is often used when giving instructions. It is noticeable always on medicine bottles
and can be seen on other official notices too:
These benches are not to be removed from the changing rooms.
No food of any kind is to be taken into the examination room.
Note that although this structure is used to talk about current and future arrangements and events, it is
configurated in present and past tenses - see the above examples. However, be to + perfect infinitive is
sometimes used to show that a planned event did not materialise:
He was to have appeared in the West End show but broke his collar bone during rehearsals.
They were to have picked strawberries this morning, but the torrential overnight rain made the field too
muddy.
11. Infinitive Verb
Do you know the difference between an infinitive verb
and a base verb? Or, do you know when and how do you
use infinitive verbs? These questions, and their
answers are the key to understanding the uses of an
infinitive verb.
Defining an Infinitive Verb
Basically, an infinitive verb is a verb with the word “to”
in front of it.
to be
to have
to hold
to sleep
to dream
When you use an infinitive verb, the “to” is a part of the
verb. It is not acting as a preposition in this case. And
the verb is always just the verb. It’s not conjugated in
anyway – no -ed, no -ing, no -s on the end. Sometimes
you’ll see sentences like this:
12. She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time.
You see “to slapping,” and it’s easy to think that’s an infinitive verb, but it isn’t. It’s a
preposition (to) and a gerund (slapping). You can tell it’s not an infinitive because of
the -ing on the end of the verb. Infinitives never have an -ing ending.
EJEMPLOS:
afford – We can’t afford to eat out every night.
agree – Let’s agree to disagree.
aim – I aim to please.
appear – She appears to have the chicken pox.
arrange – I’ll arrange to meet you at 3:00.
attempt – We attempted to contact him several times.
determined – They are determined to finish the race.
beg – She begged to stay up past her bed time.
care – Would you care to dance?
choose – He’ll always choose to eat pizza if given the choice.
claim – They claim to have been home all night.
dare – Do you dare to approach me?
decide – We decided to get married in a hot air balloon.
demand – I demand to know who said that!
deserve – You deserve to have all you want in life.
expect – Do you expect to see her any time soon?
15. • Already / Just / Still / Yet (Already / Just / Still / Yet)
We use adverbs "already", "just", "still" and "yet" more often in the present perfect, but we
can use them in other tenses. These adverbs are used in reference to time and position
within the sentence depends on which of them are using.
• Already
• "Already" refers to something that happened before or sooner than expected and is
translated as "already" in Spanish. "Already" usually goes between the auxiliary verb and
the verb.
Examples:
Play
• They Already Have Their homework finished. (They have already finished their
homework.)
Play
• Already Jacob has left work. (Jacob is gone from work.)
Play
• The train has arrived Already. (The train has arrived.)
18. • Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo
directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas ("...") y deberá ser
palabra por palabra.
• Ejemplos:
Play
• "I am going to London next week," she said. ("Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo.)
Play
• "Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked. ("¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas
prestarme?," él preguntó.)
Play
• Alice said, "I love to dance." (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.")
Play
• Chris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?" (Chris preguntó, "¿Te
gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")
21. down vote favorite
I just stumbled over the verb "to wake", which
according to various sources has two valid forms for the
past tense: "woke" and "waked".
Some further research stated, that there seem to be two
(Old / Middle) English verbs - one strong, one weak -
today's "wake" stems from, hence the two forms for past
tense:
waken, meaning to cease to sleep and
wakien, meaning to stay awake, keep watch
Now, as there are two origins, I'm wondering:
Are there (subtle?) differences in meaning when using
"woke" or "waked" today
24. • . Simple Past
The "simple past" describes a completed past action.
When I was young I lived in Madrid (now living in Barcelona)
. Past continuous
Indicates that an action was taking place at some point in the past to which reference is
made. It does not say if the action already completed or still ongoing.
• When the mother came home her husband was playing with the kids (do not know if he
finished playing at that time or continued to play)
• Sometimes two simultaneous actions that occurred in the past are described. In this case,
the "imple past" is used to describe that ended and the "past continuous" for that other
was happening when the first took place.
Yesterday evening When you called me I was Reviews having a shower
• When the parents arrived home the Children Were Watching TV
26. Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good
reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the
passive voice and when and why to use it. (For a basic explanation of the difference
between active and passive, please see voice.)
How do we make the passive?
The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb
be + main verb
past participle + by + agent
optional
The auxiliary be is conjugated in all tenses. The main verb is always the past participle.
The agent is the original "doer" of the action.
27. • Look at some examples:
• subject auxiliary verb be main verb
• past participle by
• I am employed by Apple.
• You will be woken at 6.
• It will have been finished by then.
• We have been notified by Head Office.
• You are being transferred next week.
• They will be paid.
• Notice above↑:
auxiliary be can be conjugated for all persons and tenses
• main verb is invariable: past participle
• if there is an agent (Apple, Head Office), it is introduced by by
30. Simple Present Passive
• PASSIVES TABLE
• Simple Present Passive
• Simple Past Passive
• Going to Future Passive
• Present Continuous Passive
• Past Continuous Passive
• Present Perfect Passive
• Past Perfect Passive
• Passives With Modals
Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + verb3 (past participle)
• Question Form Am / Is / Are + Object + verb3 (past participle) ?
Something is done by someone regularly / everyday / as expected...
Active : The gardener waters the flowers every evening.
• Passive: The flowers are watered by the gardener every evening.
Active : Helen doesn't drink anything in parties.
• Passive: Nothing is drunk by Helen in parties.
