This document discusses liquid-liquid extraction through infusion. It defines infusion as extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material by soaking it in a solvent like water or alcohol. There are two main types of infusions discussed - fresh infusions and concentrated infusions. Fresh infusions are aqueous solutions prepared within 12 hours to prevent bacterial growth, while concentrated infusions use alcohol as a preservative and can be stored longer. The document outlines the general methods for preparing both fresh and concentrated infusions through maceration or percolation and includes examples like tea, coffee, and herbal remedies.

1. LIQUID-
LIQUID
EXTRACTION
By Daniyal saqib
Infusion
PRESENTED TO: SIR TOFEEQ UR REHMAN
PRESENTER: Waqas Siddiqe
Roll no 59

2. 2
INFUSION
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4
INTRODUCTIO
N OF
INFUSION
CHARACTERIS
TICS OF
INFUSION
TYPES OF
INFUSION
METHOD OF
PREPARATIO
N

3. OUR FRESH PRODUCE
PROMISE
3
LOCAL FRESH DELICIOUS
Introduction of Infusion:
A drink, remedy, or extract prepared by soaking tea leaves or herbs in liquid
this is known as infusion.
OR
Infusion is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant
material in a solvent such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to
remain suspended in the solvent over time (a process often called steeping).
An infusion is also the name for the resultant liquid.

4. 4
Plant
Pick
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA-NC
Three popular infusions: coffee, mate
and tea.
A common example of an infusion is tea;
most varieties of tea call for steeping the
leaves in hot water, although some
variants
(e.g. Moroccan mint tea )
Flavored Oils , Cumber Water and Herbal
remedies are also one of the examples of
infusions.

5. CHARACTE
RISTICS OF
INFUSION
5
Infusions are dilute solutions containing
the readily soluble components of crude
drugs.
Infusions are liable to fungus and
bacterial growth and it is necessary to
dispense them within twelve hours of
their preparation
Infusion are usually prepared by diluting
one volume of concentrated infusion by
ten volumes of water.
Formally Fresh Infusions are prepared
by macerating the drug for a short period
in cold or boiling water is used.

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Fresh
Infusion
Concentrated
Infusion

7. LIQUID-
LIQUID
EXTRACTION
By Daniyal saqib
Fresh infusions:
A fresh infusion is an aqueous solution of active constituents
of a vegetable drug prepared by the process of infusion.
Example.
Fresh infusion of Quassia.
Coarse powder of drug is used in the preparation of infusion. Water
is used as menstruum.
Pharmacopoeia states that fresh infusion should be used within 12
hours after its preparation because it gets spoiled due to fungal or bacterial
growth.
Fresh infusions

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Concentrated infusions:
Concentrated infusions differ from fresh infusions in that the
concentrated infusions are prepared by maceration or percolation process and
alcohol is used either as a menstruum or as a preservative.
An infusion containing 20 - 25 % alcohol can be stored for sufficiently long time.
Example
Concentrated compound infusion of Chirata and
Concentrated compound infusion of gentian.
Concentrated infusions

9. OUR FRESH PRODUCE
PROMISE
9
LOCAL FRESH DELICIOUS
GENERAL METHOD OF PREPARATION,
Coffee-pot or tea-pot is the simplest form of apparatus used for preparing
infusion. Sometimes special pots known as infusion pots are used for the
preparation of infusions. It consists of a loose perforated shelf resting on a
projection near the top of the pot.
Method:
In coffee-pot or tea-pot:`
i) The drug is placed at the bottom of the pot. Water is added and it is well
stirred three or four times during the period of infusion.
ii) Infusion can also be prepared by enclosing the drug in a muslin bag and
then suspending it just below the level of water in a beaker. Stirring is not
required in this case because the water slowly circulates due to the increase in
specific gravity of water near the drug.
In infusion pot:
The drug is placed on the perforated shelf. The pot is filled with water and the
perforated shelf is adjusted below the surface of water.

10. 10
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 The drug is usually coarsely powdered very fine powder being avoided 50 mg.
 Moisten the drug in suitable vessel provided with a cover with 50 ml of cold
water.
 Allow to stand for 15 mins.
 Then add 900 ml of water cover the vessel tightly.
 Allow to stand for 30 mins.
 Then strain the mixture, pass enough water to make the infusion measure
1000 ml.
 Some drugs are supplied in accurately weighed in muslin bags for preparing
specific amounts of infusion
 As the fresh infusions do not well they should be made extemporaneously and
in small quantities.
GENERAL METHOD FOR PREPARING FRESH INFUSION

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GENERAL METHOD FOR PREPARING CONCENTRATED
INFUSION
 The official monographs also recognize that certain concentrated infusions in
which 25 % alcohol is added during or subsequent to the infusion process.
 Concentrated infusions are especially prepared in which the active or
desirable principles of drug are equally are soluble in water or in the
menstruum used for concentrated infusions.

12. THANK YOU