The document provides an overview of various information resources in pharmacy and pharmaceutical science, detailing types of written materials including books, textbooks, e-books, and reference works. It covers the significance of digital repositories like PubMed and PubMed Central, as well as databases like Medline and Toxline for accessing biomedical literature. Additionally, it highlights initiatives like Hinari and Agora that provide access to research resources for institutions in developing countries.

1. INFORMATION RESOURCES IN PHARMACY
& THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE.
Books
A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink, paper, parchment, or
other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is
called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page.
Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and
information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such
as magazines, journals or newspapers. The body of all written works including books is
literature. In novel sand sometimes other types of books (for example, biographies), a book may
be divided into several large sections, also called books.
Text Books
A textbook or course book (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.
Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions. Schoolbooks are
textbooks and other books used in schools. Although most textbooks are only published in
printed format, many are now available as online electronic books.
E-book
The term e-book is a contraction of "electronic book"; it refers to a book-length publication in
digital form. An e-book is usually made available through the internet, but also on CD-ROM and
other forms. E-Books may be read either via a computer or by means of a portable book display
device known as an e-book reader, such as the Sony Reader, Barnes & Noble Nook, Reader, or
the Amazon Kindle. These devices attempt to mimic the experience of reading a print book.
Handbook
A handbook is a type of reference work, or other collection of instructions, that is intended to
provide ready reference. A handbook is a treatise on a special subject. Nowadays it is often a
simple but all-embracing treatment, containing concise information and being small enough to be
held in the hand.
Handbooks may deal with any topic, and are generally compendiums of information in a
particular field or about a particular technique. They are designed to be easily consulted and
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2. provide quick answers in a certain area. For example, the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers is a reference for how to cite works in MLA style, among other things.
Reference book
In comparison, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used
in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the
first sense) which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to
be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on
demand. Other reference-only books are books that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take
them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from
circulating items.
Merck Index
The Merck Index is an encyclopedia of chemicals,drug sand biological with over 10,000
monographs on single substances or groups of related compounds. It also includes an appendix
with monographs on organic named reactions. It was published by the United States
pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. from 1889 until 2012, when the title was acquired by the
Royal Society of Chemistry. An online version of The Merck Index, including historic records
and new updates not in the print edition, is commonly available through research libraries. The
current edition is the 15th, published in April 2013.
Encyclopaedias
A comprehensive reference work containing articles on a wide range of subjects or on numerous
aspects of a particular field, usually arranged alphabetically.
A book, often in many volumes, containing articles on various topics, often arranged in
alphabetical order, dealing either with the whole range of human knowledge or with one
particular subject: a medical encyclopedia.
Or a book or set of books containing articles on various topics, usu. in alphabetical arrangement,
covering all branches of knowledge or all aspects of one subject.
Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoeia (literally, "drug making "), in its modern
technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines,
and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society.
Descriptions of preparations are called monographs. In a broader sense it is a reference work for
pharmaceutical drug specifications.

3. Journal
Many publications issued at stated intervals, such as academic journals, or the record of the
transactions of a society, are often called journals. In academic use, a journal refers to a serious,
scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated
audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a trade magazine.
A greatest journals has a highest impact factor for the presentation & publication of papers.
Example-Oxford Journals, Cell Biology Journals, Cambridge Journals Etc.
Report
A report is any informational work (usually of writing , speech, television, or film) made with
the specific intention of relaying information or recounting certain events in a widely presentable
form.
Written reports are documents which present focused, salient content to a specific audience.
Reports are often used to display the result of an experiment, investigation, or inquiry. The
audience may be public or private, an individual or the public in general. Reports are used in
government, business, education, science, and other fields.
Some examples of reports are: scientific reports, recommendation reports, white papers, annual
reports, auditor's reports, progress reports etc.
Review
In the scientific literature, review articles are a category of scientific paper, which provides a
synthesis of research on a topic at that moment in time. A compilation of these reviews forms the
core content of a 'secondary' scientific journal, with examples including Annual Reviews, the
Nature Reviews series of journals and Trends.
A peer review is the process by which scientists assess the work of their colleagues that has been
submitted for publication in the scientific literature.
Symposium
The Symposium is a philosophical text by Plato dated c. 385–370 BC.
A meeting or conference for the discussion of some subject, especially a meeting at which
several speakers talk on or discuss a topic before an audience.

4. Thesis
A thesis (Often Bachelors/Masters) or dissertation (often Doctoral) is a document submitted in
support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the
author's research and findings .In some contexts, the word "thesis" or a cognate is used for part
of a bachelor's or master's course, while "dissertation" is normally applied to a doctorate, while
in other contexts, the reverse is true. The term graduate thesis is sometimes used to refer to both
master's theses and doctoral dissertations .Dissertations and theses may be considered to be grey
literature.
In academic papers, an effective thesis should generally answer the "how", "what", and "so
what." It should be a statement that represents an argument, yet is refutable by the reader.
Slide show
A slide show is a presentation of a series of still images on a projection screen or electronic
display device, typically in a prearranged sequence. Each image is usually displayed for at least a
few seconds, and sometimes for several minutes, before it is replaced by the next image. The
changes may be automatic and at regular intervals or they may be manually controlled by a
presenter or the viewer. Slide shows originally consisted of a series of individual photographic
slides projected onto a screen with a slide projector. When referring to the video or computer-
based visual equivalent, in which the slides are not individual physical objects, the term is often
written as one word, slideshow.
Library catalogues
A library catalogue is a register of all Bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries,
such as a network of libraries at several locations. A bibliographic item can be any information
entity (e.g., books, computer files, graphics, re alia, cartographic materials, etc.) that is
considered library material (e.g., a single novel in an anthology), or a group of library materials
(e.g., a trilogy), or linked from the catalog (e.g., a webpage) as far as it is relevant to the catalog
and to the users (patrons) of the library.
Medical Subject Headings
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of
indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that
facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine
(NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book
holdings. MeSH is also used by ClinicalTrials.gov registry to classify which diseases are studied
by trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.

5. MeSH was introduced in 1963. The yearly printed version was discontinued in
2007 and MeSH is now available online only. It can be browsed and downloaded
free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into
numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different languages.
CD-ROM
A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact Disc which contains data. The name is an acronym
which stands for "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but
cannot write on the CD-ROMs which are not writable or erasable.
Until the mid-2000s, CD-ROMs were popularly used to distribute software for computers and
video game consoles. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold both computer data and audio with
the latter capable of being played on a CD player, while data is only usable on a computer .
The Yellow Book is the technical standard that defines the format of CD-ROMs. One of a set of
color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all CD formats, the Yellow Book,
created by Sony and Philips in 1988, was the first extension of Compact Disc Digital Audio. It
adapted the format to hold any form of data.
Website
A website, also written as web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages typically served
from a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a
network such as the Interne tor a private local area network through an Internet address known as
a Uniform resource locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World
Wide Web.
A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text inter persed with formatting instructions
of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from
other websites with suitable markup anchors. Webpages are accessed and transported with the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure,
HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the webpage content. The user's
application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup
instructions onto a display terminal.
WWW.PubMed.com
It is the best website for the publication of Biological Science or Medical Science.
The PubMed search allows you quick and easy access to an extensive library of bio-medical
literature citations and abstracts in the fields of medicine, nursing, health care systems,
preclinical sciences, dentistry, and veterinary medicine.

6. The PubMed medical citation and article search lets you find bibliographic information from
MEDLINE as well as extra life science journals, out-of-scope citations, and citations preceding
the date that a journal was selected. The search provides access to over 17 million bio-medical
citations / articles from MEDLINE and other journals. This extensive library of medical
literature resources date from the 1950's to the current date.
PubMed Central
PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital repository that archives publicly accessible full-text
scholarly articles that have been published within the biomedical and life sciences journal
literature. As one of the major research databases within the suite of resources that have been
developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed Central is
much more than just a document repository. Submissions into PMC undergo an indexing and
formatting procedure which results in enhanced metadata, medical oncology, and unique
identifiers which all enrich the XML structured data for each article on deposit .Content within
PMC can easily be interlinked to many other NCBI databases and accessed via Entre search and
retrieval systems, further enhancing the public’s ability to freely discover, read and build upon
this portfolio of biomedical knowledge
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is
a bibliographic
Database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for
articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary
medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and
biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.
Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is freely
available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLM's National Center for
Biotechnology Information's Entre system.
MEDLINE plus
Website with extensive and authoritative health information from National Library of Medicine
and National Institutes of Health; links to Web resources with health care information.

7. Open Access Journal
All articles published in Elsevier open access journals are peer reviewed and upon acceptance
will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. Permitted reuse is
defined by your choice of user license.
Open access journals may be considered as:
1. Journals entirely open access
2. Journals with research articles open access (hybrid open access journals)
3. Journals with some research articles open access (hybrid open access journals)
4. Journals with some articles open access and the other delayed access
5. Journals with delayed open access (delayed open access journals)
6. Journals permitting self-archiving of articles.
Internet
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by
a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an
extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext
documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and
peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
TOXLINE
The TOXLINE database (https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/toxline.htm) is the National
Library of Medicine's (NLM) bibliographic database for toxicology, a varied science
encompassing many disciplines. TOXLINE records provide bibliographic information covering
the biochemical, pharmacological, physiological, and toxicological effects of drugs and other
chemicals. It contains over 4 million bibliographic citations, most with abstracts and/or indexing
terms and CAS Registry Numbers. TOXLINE references are drawn from various sources
organized into component sub-files which are searched together but which may be used to limit
searches as well.
TOXLINE covers much of the standard journal literature in toxicology, complemented with
references from an assortment of specialized journals and other sources listed below. The records
included from PubMed link directly to the citations for those articles.

8. Medical record
The terms medical record, health record, and medical chart are used somewhat interchangeably
to describe the systematic documentation of a single patient's medical history and care across
time within one particular health care provider's jurisdiction. The medical record includes a
variety of types of "notes" entered over time by health care professionals, recording observations
and administration of drugs and therapies, orders for the administration of drugs and therapies,
test results, x-rays, reports, etc. The maintenance of complete and accurate medical records is a
requirement of health care providers and is generally enforced as a licensing or certification
prerequisite.
The terms are used for both the physical folder that exists for each individual patient and for the
body of information found therein.
Medical records have traditionally been compiled and maintained by health care providers, but
advances in online data storage have led to the development of personal health records (PHR)
that are maintained by patients themselves, often on third-party websites. This concept is
supported by US national health administration entities and by AHIMA, the American Health
Information Management Association.
Online Resources
In general, Web pages and documents on the Internet that provide useful information. While an
online resource is typically data and educational in nature, any support software available online
can also be considered a resource.
An Online resources or an electronic resource is any information source that the library provides access
to in an electronic format.
The library has purchased subscriptions to many electronic information resources in order to provide you
with access to them free of charge. Our E-Reources include lots of things: full-text journals, newspapers,
company information, e-books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, economic data, digital images, industry
profiles, market research, career information, etc.
HINARI
HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme was set up by the World Health Organization
and major publishers to enable developing countries to access collections of biomedical and
health literature. There are up to 13,000 e-journals and up to 29,000 online books available to
health institutions in more than 100 countries.
HINARI is part of Research4Life, the collective name for four programs - HINARI (focusing on
health), AGORA (focusing on agriculture), OARE (focusing on environment), and ARDI
(focusing on applied science and technology). Together, Research Life provides developing

9. countries with free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content
online.
HINARI has received the high honor of the Medical Library Association's 2015 Louise Darling
Medal for Collection Development in the Health Sciences.
AGORA
The AGORA programme, set up by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
together with major publishers, enables developing countries to gain access to an outstanding
digital library collection in the fields of food, agriculture, environmental science and related
social sciences. AGORA provides a collection of up to 5,900 key journals and 21,000 books to
more than 2,900 institutions in more than 100 countries. AGORA is designed to enhance the
scholarship of the many thousands of students, faculty and researchers in agriculture and life
sciences in the developing world.
Computer-aided records
Computer-aided records or Computer-aided dispatch (CAD), also called computer-assisted
dispatch, is a method of dispatching taxicabs, couriers, field service technicians, mass transit
vehicles or emergency services assisted by computer. It can either be used to send messages to
the dispatchee via a mobile data terminal (MDT) and/or used to store and retrieve data.
CAD typically consists of a suite of software packages used to initiate public safety calls for
service, dispatch, and maintain the status of responding resources in the field. It is generally used
by emergency communications dispatchers, call-takers, and 911 operators in centralized, public-
safety call centers, as well as by field personnel utilizing mobile data terminals (MDTs) or
mobile data computers (MDCs).
Classification scheme
In order to ensure global uniformity when describing the habitat in which a taxon occurs, the
threats to a taxon, what conservation actions are in place or are needed, and whether or not the
taxon is utilized, a set of standard terms have been developed for documenting taxa on the IUCN
Red List. These Classification Schemes are still being developed and tested and not all of them
have been implemented in this version of the IUCN Red List.
Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation or visual explanation of a text, concept or process,
designed for integration in published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching
materials, animations, video games and films.
Depending on the purpose, illustration may be expressive, stylized , realistic or highly technical.

10. Specialist areas include:
 Archaeological illustration
 Book illustration
 Botanical illustration
 Concept art
 Fashion illustration
 Information graphics
 Technical illustration
 Medical illustration
 Narrative illustration
 Picture books
 Scientific illustration
 Technical drawing
Model
Model, modeling or modelling may refer to:
 Conceptual model, a representation of a system using general rules and concepts.
 Physical model, a physical copy of an object such as a globe or model airplane.
 Scale model, a physical representation of an object which maintains general relationships
between its constituent aspects.
 Scientific model, a simplified and idealized understanding of physical systems.
Data Book
Data is defined as a book giving details of threatened animals or plants, especially in a particular
country or region.
A collection of the available information relative to Endangered and Threatened Species. Each
volume contains colored loose-leaf information sheets arranged by species. The sheets are
updated as the status of a species changes. Red sheets are used for those species that are
endangered; amber for vulnerable; white for rare; green for out of danger; and gray for species
that are indicated to be endangered, vulnerable, or rare, but with insufficient information to be
properly classified. The book is maintained by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources.

11. Reference
1. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxlinfs.html
2. http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/63951/online-resources
3. http://libanswers.utep.edu/a.php?qid=57186
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HINARI
5. http://www.fao.org/agora/en/
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_dispatch
7. https://www.google.com/search?q=classification+schemes&ie=utf-
8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-
beta&channel=sb
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model
10.https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/red_data_book
11.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/texbook.html
12.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/books.html
13.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cdromes.htlm
14.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/encyclopidea
15.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/pubmed.html
16.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/journal.httlm
17.http://www.fao.org/ebook/en/
18.http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/63951/email
19.http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/Librarycatalogues