This document discusses a study on the influence of gas yarn singeing on the characteristics of viscose spun yarn. Viscose yarn has more hairiness which causes issues in downstream processes like dyeing and fabric production. In the study, viscose spun yarns of counts Ne 20/1, Ne 30/1 and Ne 40/1 were singed using optimized gas yarn singeing machine parameters. The study found that singeing significantly reduced yarn hairiness by 85-86% but increased unevenness. It also reduced thick places, neps and overall imperfections by up to 32.8% while slightly improving tenacity but reducing elongation. Thus, gas yarn singeing was found to effectively reduce
Variation in linear density of combed yarn due to dyeing with reactive dye in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Though yarn dyeing is a significant part of wet processing, it still has some major obstacles. It loses its weight as well as strength due to wet treatment. A study on the changes of linear density in combed yarn due to different shade percentages of reactive dye has been conducted and the results are statistically analyzed. Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR and Remazol Blue RR were used for this experiment. The study reveals that dye shade percentage effects on the linear density negatively. Before 2.5% shade the yarn loss is greater and after 3.5% shade linear density also decreases. 2.5% to 3.5% shade percentage can be taken as the range where loss of linear density is much less than the other percentages. The lowest loss percentage was found for 3% shade for every dyestuff among which Remazol Red RR was the least. Key Words: Combed yarn, Loss percentage, Shade, Linear density.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cotton is a natural fibre available easily and abundant quantity. It is a most suitable fibre for textile spinning & clothing due to it’s good spinnability & human friendly characteristics. As cotton is a natural fibre hence it’s properties also affected with several other factors which create variation in fibre properties, these variations also affect spinning processes & it’s products Quality in multi dimensions. Each fibre characteristic impact individually and collectively on spinning process or at ultimate product quality. Revolutionary changes observed in last two decade in the field of spinning machineries where processing speeds greatly increased to enhance production rate. Not only production rate of spinning machines increased but speeds of it’s downstream processes also increased simultaneously which requires better quality of yarn for smooth process and without any interruption to get the maximum efficiency. Hence now it is most important to co-relate fibre properties with respect to it’s consumer process competency. In this article we will discuss the different cotton properties and it’s impact on spinning process and product quality in present prospective and will try to minimize the impact of poor fibre properties on process or product Quality through better Mixing plan selection.
Effect of Stitch Length on Different Properties of Plain Single Jersey FabricIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The works reported in this paper present the effects of stitch length on different properties of plain single jersey fabric. Fabric properties can be changed due to use of various counts of yarn, type (ring, rotor, and compact), quality, stitch length, structural geometry, fiber composition, etc. With an increase in stitch length, the properties like Courses Per Inch (CPI), Wales Per Inch (WPI), GSM and stitch density will be decreased when the remaining other parameters are constant. Again shrinkage and spirality will be increased and bursting strength decreased with the increased stitch length. Pilling and abrasion resistance show lower grading when stitch length increases.
Variation in linear density of combed yarn due to dyeing with reactive dye in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Though yarn dyeing is a significant part of wet processing, it still has some major obstacles. It loses its weight as well as strength due to wet treatment. A study on the changes of linear density in combed yarn due to different shade percentages of reactive dye has been conducted and the results are statistically analyzed. Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR and Remazol Blue RR were used for this experiment. The study reveals that dye shade percentage effects on the linear density negatively. Before 2.5% shade the yarn loss is greater and after 3.5% shade linear density also decreases. 2.5% to 3.5% shade percentage can be taken as the range where loss of linear density is much less than the other percentages. The lowest loss percentage was found for 3% shade for every dyestuff among which Remazol Red RR was the least. Key Words: Combed yarn, Loss percentage, Shade, Linear density.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cotton is a natural fibre available easily and abundant quantity. It is a most suitable fibre for textile spinning & clothing due to it’s good spinnability & human friendly characteristics. As cotton is a natural fibre hence it’s properties also affected with several other factors which create variation in fibre properties, these variations also affect spinning processes & it’s products Quality in multi dimensions. Each fibre characteristic impact individually and collectively on spinning process or at ultimate product quality. Revolutionary changes observed in last two decade in the field of spinning machineries where processing speeds greatly increased to enhance production rate. Not only production rate of spinning machines increased but speeds of it’s downstream processes also increased simultaneously which requires better quality of yarn for smooth process and without any interruption to get the maximum efficiency. Hence now it is most important to co-relate fibre properties with respect to it’s consumer process competency. In this article we will discuss the different cotton properties and it’s impact on spinning process and product quality in present prospective and will try to minimize the impact of poor fibre properties on process or product Quality through better Mixing plan selection.
Effect of Stitch Length on Different Properties of Plain Single Jersey FabricIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The works reported in this paper present the effects of stitch length on different properties of plain single jersey fabric. Fabric properties can be changed due to use of various counts of yarn, type (ring, rotor, and compact), quality, stitch length, structural geometry, fiber composition, etc. With an increase in stitch length, the properties like Courses Per Inch (CPI), Wales Per Inch (WPI), GSM and stitch density will be decreased when the remaining other parameters are constant. Again shrinkage and spirality will be increased and bursting strength decreased with the increased stitch length. Pilling and abrasion resistance show lower grading when stitch length increases.
An Investigation on Different Physical Properties of Cotton Woven Fabrics IJERA Editor
In this study, “An Investigation on Different Physical Properties of Cotton Woven Fabrics”, some sample fabrics were produced with plain, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill and 4-end satin weave structure using four different weft counts. By means of regression, the correlation coefficient and correlation between different properties of fabrics were investigated. The findings of this study revealed that the crease recovery angle and the bending length are inversely proportional to each other. It was also found that with the increasing of weft yarn counts lead to a decreasing in stiffness, abrasion resistance and increasing in crease recovery angle. The pilling and wrinkle recovery affected very low by the increase of weft yarn count and for the variation of weave structure. Plain weave was superior to other structures in stiffness where as twill weave showed higher crease recovery.
fiber strength and fiber fineness are described in detail about the machinery and discussed about new computerized testing machines which are used to determine the strength and fineness of the fiber.
Combing is a very important process for a spinning mill. The object of combing is removal of short fibres, Neps, impurities and to improve the fibre length uniformity followed with improvement in mean length. The removal of immature cotton, foreign matter and improvement in fibre fineness and fibre bundle strength are the additional advantages of combing process. In totality combing process significantly improves the cotton characteristics by removing the useless fibres (i.e. Fibres which are not suitable for a particular end use) from the process. These fibres are extracted as comber Noil waste. This Complete combing process carried out by action of different combing elements. During combing process along with useless fibres good quality fibres are also removed especially in modern high speed combers which are huge raw material & financial losses for the industry. We have studied in detail the combing action of these different combing elements w.r.t. removal of Neps, SFC % & other impurities with mean length improvement. The object of this article is to present the effect of different combing elements on cotton processed and how we can perfectly set these combing elements to get the better combing process with respect to desire Quality, so we can achieve maximum removal of useless fibres with minimum losses of good fibres.
In which process yarn is conditioned for better performance (such as strength, serviceability, luster, handle etc) is called yarn conditioning. Textile fibers are subjected to various physical operations to make in to a yarn. For example cotton fiber passes through opening, carding, drawing and spinning to become a yarn. During these phases the original moisture content on the fiber would have been lost and some static electricity would be carried by the fiber. The amount of static current carried by yarn changes from fiber to fiber. Similarly the strength of any fiber depends up on how close the present moisture content is to the original natural value.
Evaluation of physico mechanical properties of 1×1 interlock cotton knitted f...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
The Physico-Mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn (ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, Loop length / Stitch length, structural geometry, fibre composition of yarn etc. This study focused on the various Loop length effect of grey interlock knit structure. With an increase in Loop length, the dimensional properties like CPI, WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased; while comfort properties like air permeability & water absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased Loop length at grey stage. Other properties such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased Loop length. Though all the tests for fabric properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done according desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
An Investigation on Different Physical Properties of Cotton Woven Fabrics IJERA Editor
In this study, “An Investigation on Different Physical Properties of Cotton Woven Fabrics”, some sample fabrics were produced with plain, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill and 4-end satin weave structure using four different weft counts. By means of regression, the correlation coefficient and correlation between different properties of fabrics were investigated. The findings of this study revealed that the crease recovery angle and the bending length are inversely proportional to each other. It was also found that with the increasing of weft yarn counts lead to a decreasing in stiffness, abrasion resistance and increasing in crease recovery angle. The pilling and wrinkle recovery affected very low by the increase of weft yarn count and for the variation of weave structure. Plain weave was superior to other structures in stiffness where as twill weave showed higher crease recovery.
fiber strength and fiber fineness are described in detail about the machinery and discussed about new computerized testing machines which are used to determine the strength and fineness of the fiber.
Combing is a very important process for a spinning mill. The object of combing is removal of short fibres, Neps, impurities and to improve the fibre length uniformity followed with improvement in mean length. The removal of immature cotton, foreign matter and improvement in fibre fineness and fibre bundle strength are the additional advantages of combing process. In totality combing process significantly improves the cotton characteristics by removing the useless fibres (i.e. Fibres which are not suitable for a particular end use) from the process. These fibres are extracted as comber Noil waste. This Complete combing process carried out by action of different combing elements. During combing process along with useless fibres good quality fibres are also removed especially in modern high speed combers which are huge raw material & financial losses for the industry. We have studied in detail the combing action of these different combing elements w.r.t. removal of Neps, SFC % & other impurities with mean length improvement. The object of this article is to present the effect of different combing elements on cotton processed and how we can perfectly set these combing elements to get the better combing process with respect to desire Quality, so we can achieve maximum removal of useless fibres with minimum losses of good fibres.
In which process yarn is conditioned for better performance (such as strength, serviceability, luster, handle etc) is called yarn conditioning. Textile fibers are subjected to various physical operations to make in to a yarn. For example cotton fiber passes through opening, carding, drawing and spinning to become a yarn. During these phases the original moisture content on the fiber would have been lost and some static electricity would be carried by the fiber. The amount of static current carried by yarn changes from fiber to fiber. Similarly the strength of any fiber depends up on how close the present moisture content is to the original natural value.
Evaluation of physico mechanical properties of 1×1 interlock cotton knitted f...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
The Physico-Mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn (ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, Loop length / Stitch length, structural geometry, fibre composition of yarn etc. This study focused on the various Loop length effect of grey interlock knit structure. With an increase in Loop length, the dimensional properties like CPI, WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased; while comfort properties like air permeability & water absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased Loop length at grey stage. Other properties such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased Loop length. Though all the tests for fabric properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done according desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
Effect of stitch length on physical and mechanical properties of single jerse...Elias Khalil (ইলিয়াস খলিল)
The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn
(ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. This study
focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI,
WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the structures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water
absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other properties
such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric
properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is
mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done
according to desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of
fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.
Effect of naoh mercerisation on the cross linking of conventional and compact...eSAT Journals
Abstract An investigation of the effect of resin finishing on the properties of conventional and compact cotton yarn is reported. It is shown that compact yarns suffer greater weight losses than those of conventional yarns following cross linking treatment. Bending rigidity shows an increase with the concentration of sodium hydroxide prior to cross linking in both conventional and compact yarns. The yarn structure also plays an important role in resin finishing.
Comparison of some of Denim Fabric Properties produced with different Weftijsrd.com
The aim of this study was to asses and compares the some of denim fabric properties using three different weft yarns. Threads per inch and weft type are some of the most important parameters that affect both weaving performance and fabric property. Experimental studies were conducted by weaving fabrics with same warp yarn i.e. 9'OE Rotor yarn. Three different weft yarns are (1) Excel (2) Cotton (3) Polyester. These all are same count. Denim fabrics was woven in three different twill weave (1) 2/1 (2) 3/1 (3) 2/2. It was found the weave type and weft type affects fabric properties. The weave and weft yarn has great impact on the some of comfort related properties also i.e. air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and seam slippage, bursting strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Investigation on the Changes of Areal Density of Knit Fabric with Stitch Leng...iosrjce
Stitch length and GSM (gram per square meter) are the two major parameters for making a knit
fabric. The relationship between stitch length (S.L) and GSM is inversely proportional if the other parameter
remain constant. Again the presence of tuck loop in knit fabric structure make the fabric heavier than the plain
single jersey fabric having all knit loop because of the accumulation of yarn in the tucking place. In this study,
an experimental work was offered to understand the influence of different stitch length on the GSM of knit fabric
with respect to the change of tuck loop percentage in the knit fabric structure. Here three fabric (single jersey,
single lacoste and polo pique) having different tuck loops percentage with five different stitch lengths were
selected where the other parameters were constant. With the increment of tuck loop percentage and descending
of stitch length, a measurable increase in areal density was observed, where the GSM increment percentage was
maximum at 2.70 mm stitch length for every tuck loop percentage. After that the gradual reduction of stitch
length resulted in the lower rate of GSM increment.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
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Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
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Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
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Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Google Calendar is a versatile tool that allows users to manage their schedules and events effectively. With Google Calendar, you can create and organize calendars, set reminders for important events, and share your calendars with others. It also provides features like creating events, inviting attendees, and accessing your calendar from mobile devices. Additionally, Google Calendar allows you to embed calendars in websites or platforms like SlideShare, making it easier for others to view and interact with your schedules.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
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I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
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Influence of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristics
1. IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (IOSR-JPTE)
e-ISSN: 2348-019X, p-ISSN: 2348-0181, Volume 2, Issue 2 (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 34-38
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/019X-0223438 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
Influence of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn
Characteristics
1
Dr. T. Ramachandran,2
A. Thirunarayanan
1
Principal,Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
2
Department of Textile Technology,Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
.
Abstract: Viscose spun yarnhas more hairiness and poses problem in the subsequent processes like yarn dyeing,
fabric production and fabric processing due to protruding of hairs. In this research work, an attempt has been
made to singe the viscose spun yarns of most commonly used yarn counts. Its influence on yarn quality
characteristics were compared and studied with its parent un-singed yarns. It has been found that the primary
objective of hairiness reduction was well achieved with singeing processes; however there isan impact on other
quality characteristics such as yarn imperfections, tenacity and yarn elongation. There is overall improvement
in yarn imperfection results by singeing process. Yarn tenacity is also improved after singeing, but there is drop
in yarn elongation due to singeing.
Keywords: Viscose, hairiness, singeing, spun yarn, quality characteristics, tenacity, elongation
I. Introduction
Yarn singeing is one of the surfaces finishing for value addition of textile goods.Viscose despite being
man made cellulose fibre and comes with precise ‘cut length’ with zero short fibre content, yet displays more
hairiness when viscose yarn is produced through ring spinning route. Hence it assumes importance to remove
hairiness for better fabric quality and enhanced dyeing and printing clarity. In this study, viscose spun yarn of 3
different counts were singed on Gas yarn singeing machine so as to get the final viscose spun yarn of counts Ne
20/1, Ne 30/1 & Ne 40/1, which are most commonly used. The gas yarn singeing machine parameters like
mixture of Air- Gas ratio, working pressure of air, gas andmachine speeds were considered accordingly to
achieve the desired yarn countfor better comparison and evaluation with normal unsinged viscose spun yarn.
II. Materials and Methods
100% single viscose ring spun yarns of 3 different counts were selected and singed on gas yarn
singeing machine to get the final singed yarn count of Ne 20/1, Ne 30/1 and Ne 40/1.The singeing process
parameters were optimized for different yarn counts based on trials. 3 different machine speeds of 650, 750 &
800 M/Min were considered for trials and found that at higher speeds of 800 M/Min, the yarn breakage rate was
high at 0.6 breaks/lakh meters on all the yarn counts, hence not considered for further tests. The Gas and Air
pressure is kept at 1 kg/cm2
and 0.28 kg/cm2
respectively and Gas & Air mixture is kept in the ratio of 1:30 (v/v)
based on flame quality of “blue & star shaped’, which is the best for effective singeing. The various process
parameters at speeds of 650 M/Min and 750 M/min were tried and are shown in figure below:
Fig 1:Process optimization for Gas Yarn singeing on 100% Viscose yarn
2. Influence Of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristics
DOI: 10.9790/019X-0223438 www.iosrjournals.org 35 | Page
The ‘down arrow’ shows the optimized parameters for Ne 20/1, Ne 30/1 and Ne 40/1, 100% viscose
ring spun yarn.
The optimized process parameters are summarized and tabulated as below:
Table 1: Optimized process parameters
Thequality characteristics of singed yarns were compared with its parent unsinged viscose spun yarn.
The yarn quality characteristics were tested on Zweigle Hairiness Tester (G 567), Uster Tester (UT5) and
UsterTenso Rapid Tester.
III. Results and Discussions
The yarn quality characteristics such as hairiness, yarn irregularities, imperfection values, and tenacity
and elongation values were tested and analyzed and discussed as below:
Yarn hairiness:
The yarn quality characteristics of singed and unsinged viscose spun yarns were analyzed and givenas
below:
Fig 2: Hairiness values for 100% Viscose yarn before & after singeing
As expected, it is quite obvious that after singeing the protruding hairs were removed from the yarn
surfaces and showed much reduction in hairiness value on all the yarn counts. The hairiness reduction on all
counts was in the range of 85.4% to 86.6%.However, the weight loss % reduced with finer counts and the
details of weight loss% for different yarn counts are shown in the table below:
Table 2: Weight loss % for different yarn counts
Finer the count, lesser the weight loss %. The reduction in weight loss may be due to lesser
amount of fibres in cross section with finer counts.
Sl No Parameters
1 Counts Ne 20/1 Ne 30/1 Ne 40/1
2 Speed, M/Min 750 750 750
3 Gas Consumption, gm/spindle/hr 40 35 35
4 Gas Pressure (Kg/cm²)
5 Air pressure (Kg/cm²)
6 Gas : Air Volume ratio 1 : 30
0.28 (4 PSI)
1 (14.2 PSI)
Details
3. Influence Of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristics
DOI: 10.9790/019X-0223438 www.iosrjournals.org 36 | Page
Yarn Unevenness:
The yarn unevenness is shown in figure 3 below. It is observed that the yarn unevenness level was
higher after singeing on all the experimented yarn counts, which supports the study conducted by Zhigang Xia
et al2
on cotton.
Figure 3: Yarn evenness values for 100% viscose yarn.
Yarn unevenness is mainly made up of 2 parts i.e basic body unevenness and hairiness unevenness.
Therefore, removal of hairiness from the yarn surface worsens the evenness of yarn. It also clarifies that
singeing will not improve yarn unevenness.
Yarn Imperfections
The figure 4 shows the imperfection values of all the 3 different yarn counts before and after singeing
and this show that there is no change in the value of thin places on all the yarn counts. However, there is drop in
value of thick places and nepson singed yarn of all the counts.
Figure 4: Yarn Imperfection values for 100% viscose yarn.
The drop in thick places varies from 17% to 30% and higher drops in value with coarser yarns. There is
reduction in neps to the tune of 17.7% to 34% and lesser neps reduction with finer counts. Hairiness is
responsible for neps due to snarling of hairs and removal of hairiness helps in reduction of neps [2]. There is
overall reduction on imperfection level, which varies from 15.8% to 32.8% and lesser values with finer yarns.
The reduction on value is due to lesser number of fibres in cross section of finer counts.
4. Influence Of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristics
DOI: 10.9790/019X-0223438 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page
Yarn Tenacity
Figure 5 shows the yarn tenacity values of 3 different counts before and after singeing. It shows that
there is gain in yarn tenacity to the level of 7.6% on Ne 20/1, 8.8% on Ne 30/1 and 3.9% on Ne 40/1. This
increase in tenacity may be attributed to improvement in compactness of fibre structure, which has more loads
bearing capacity. Ne 40/1 showed lesser increase, may be due to lesser fibres in cross section.
Figure 5: Yarn tenacity values for 100% Viscose yarn.
Yarn Elongation
Figure 6 shows elongation values of different yarn counts before and after singeing. There is elongation
drop of 13.1% on Ne 20/1, 12.4% on Ne 30/1 & 11.9% on Ne 40/1.
Figure 6: Yarn elongation values for 100% Viscose yarn
There is general drop in yarn elongation after singeing due to missing of hairs and no interlocking of
hairs. The hairs present in the unsinged yarn also needs some extra load and hence the unsinged yarn showed
more elongation values than singed yarns. When the load is applied, the singed yarn breaks in short time without
much elongation than the unsinged yarn.
5. Influence Of Gas Yarn Singeing On Viscose Spun Yarn Characteristics
DOI: 10.9790/019X-0223438 www.iosrjournals.org 38 | Page
IV. Conclusions
It is evident that yarn singeing process helps in reduction of yarn hairiness to huge extend and by S3
value the hairiness reduction is up to 86%. The weight loss % is less with finer counts for the approximately
similar hairiness reduction values due to lesser number of fibres in cross section.There is trend showing higher
Unevenness values after singeing on all the counts; however, There is reduction on over all imperfection values,
which is mainly due to reduction on thick and neps values. There is no change in thin values due to singeing.
There is drop in yarn elongation after singeing due to missing of hairs and singed yarn breaks faster than
unsinged yarn, however, the tenacity values show improvement after singeing on all the counts.
References
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