This document discusses the effects of variations in process parameters on the properties of ring spun yarn. It summarizes that changing spindle speed, traveler count, and draft will affect the yarn's tensile properties and irregularities. Testing was conducted on yarn samples produced with different parameter combinations. The results showed that medium values for the parameters generally produced yarn with optimal tensile properties and unevenness. In conclusion, a medium traveler count, spindle speed around 15,000 rpm, and medium draft value optimized both the tensile properties and unevenness of 40s Ne cotton ring spun yarn.

1. Effect Of Variation Of
Process Parameters
On The Properties Of
Ring Spun Yarn
MD. RIZWAN HASAN

2. 1. Introduction
In this project, we are focusing on the effects that occur due to variations in process parameters
on the properties of Ring Spun Yarn. The different parameters during the process of ring spun yarn
are Spindle Speed, Traveler Count & Draft. All this parameters assist in formation of the yarn
structure. So, we will acquire knowledge on how the change of these parameters give an effect to
the yarn Tensile Properties (i.e. Tenacity, Breaking Extension) and Irregularities & Imperfections as
well.

3. 3. Material And Method
3.1. Material:-
Table 1

4. 3.2. Method:-
First, we produced 3 types of yarn samples using 3 different
spindle speeds, traveler counts & Drafts
Then, we took the samples of the above length of yarns and
performed tensile testing in Instron 4441 and evenness and
irregularity testing in Uster Tester 3 and got the results of
altering the process parameters to come into a conclusion.

5. 3.2.2. Testing:-
To study the effect of variation of Spindle Speed, Traveler Count & Draft on the Tensile properties of yarn spun, the sample cotton
yarns of 28 cm each, were produced with the same material and machine setting.
The various steps of this investigative study were as follows:
i. Testing the cotton for its fiber properties using HVI
ii. Testing the back process material characteristics using wrap block
iii. The different combinations were used on G 1/5 ring frame machine for
producing the yarn samples using the same back process materials.
iv. Testing the tensile properties, Tenacity of the sample yarns spun by
using Uster yarn testing instrument and testing the irregularites &
imperfections.
v. The yarn test results were analyzed.
vi. Finally conclude and report the study.

6. 4. Results & Discussion
4.1. Tensile Properties Of Yarn:-
Table 2

7. Tenacity
As mentioned in table 3, we found that the tenacity of the yarn produced with lowest spindle speeds, traveler count
count & draft, is the Lowest and as we increased the values of those 3 process parameters, the Tenacity increased.
But, at the 3rd variation of highest values among those 3 process parameters, the tenacity got decreased but it as
greater than that of the 1st variation
Breaking Extension
In case of minimum values among 3 variations of spindle speed, traveler count & draft, the breaking extension
was the highest. But, as we increased the values of those 3 process parameters, the value of breaking elongation
got decreased.

8. 4.2. Irregularity:-

9. 4.3. Imperfections:-

10. CV%:-
With increasing values of those 3 process parameters, mass CV% got increased proportionally.
Thin Place (-50%) & Thick Place (+50%):-
In the 1st variant of process parameters, both the Thin and thick place were the lowest. But when the values
of those 3 parameters were increased, the thin place and thick place got decreased, and when we again
increased the parameter values, thin and thick place got increased.
Neps:-
With increasing values of the process parameters, the amount of neps got increased proportionally.

11. 5. Conclusions:-
The effect of spindle speed and traveler count on the tensile properties of yarn namely the
yarn tenacity and elongation at break was investigated for the different combinations of
spindle speeds and traveler counts and draft for 40s Ne cotton carded ring-spun yarn. This
investigation was done with a view to optimize the spindle speed and traveler count and draft
for getting the optimum tensile properties for 40s Ne cotton ring-spun yarn. From the result, it
can be seen that for such coarse count, a medium traveler count, a medium speed (15000
rpm) and a medium value of draft will give the optimum results.
In this study Neps, CVm%, thin places, thick places have been observed by changing
spindle speed and traveler count and draft in ring frame. So, to get a cotton yarn of optimum
unevenness, the medium traveler count, spindle speed and medium value of draft will give
optimum results.

12. 2. Literature Survey
A. Bella8
“Influence of the spinning process, yarn linear density, and fibre properties on the hairiness of ring-spun and rotor-spun cotton yarns”, “Journal of the Textile
Institute”, Vol. 2, 1988, Page 189-197
E. Carrera Gallisa7
“Effect of fibre properties on the spinning process”, “Tecnica Textil International”, Vol. 37(5), September/October, 1993, Page 30-38
L. Serbulescu4
“Analysis of the mathematical relationship between basic technological parameters and some properties of yarn spun non-cvonventionally”, “Industria Usoara
- Textile, Tricotaje, Confectii Textile, Vol. 44(3), 1993, Page 119-122
A. Lucca5
“High-performance ring spinning – an Opportunity for Europe?”, “Melland Textileberichte”, Vol. 75(2), 1994, Edition 25-27, Page 86-92
C. H. Hong2
“Computerized digital control of ring spinning frame”, “Journal – China Textile Institute”, Vol. 4(1), 1994, Page 21-23
T. L. Chang3
“The effect of chaning OE spinner transmission system on forming OE slub yarns”, “Journal – China Textile Institute”, Vol. 4(1), 1994, Page 24-28
Krishnan K. B.1
“Ring spinning in the new millennium”, “The Textile Industry: Winning Strategies for the New Millennium (Textile Institute) ISBN 1870372301, 1999
Page 111-120
Flautt M. C.6
“Process and composition for improving the uniformity of size application”, “Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology’, USP 5 955 518, 21 Nov 1997

13. 6. Reference
1. Krishnan K. B.
“Ring spinning in the new millennium”, “The Textile Industry: Winning Strategies for the New Millennium (Textile Institute) ISBN 1870372301, 1999
Page 111-120
2. C. H. Hong
“Computerized digital control of ring spinning frame”, “Journal – China Textile Institute”, Vol. 4(1), 1994, Page 21-23
3. T. L. Chang
“The effect of chaning OE spinner transmission system on forming OE slub yarns”, “Journal – China Textile Institute”, Vol. 4(1), 1994, Page 24-28
4. L. Serbulescu
“Analysis of the mathematical relationship between basic technological parameters and some properties of yarn spun non-cvonventionally”, “Industria Usoara
- Textile, Tricotaje, Confectii Textile, Vol. 44(3), 1993, Page 119-122
5. A. Lucca
“High-performance ring spinning – an Opportunity for Europe?”, “Melland Textileberichte”, Vol. 75(2), 1994, Edition 25-27, Page 86-92
6. Flautt M. C.
“Process and composition for improving the uniformity of size application”, “Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology’, USP 5 955 518, 21 Nov 1997
7. E. Carrera Gallisa
“Effect of fibre properties on the spinning process”, “Tecnica Textil International”, Vol. 37(5), September/October, 1993, Page 30-38
8. A. Bella
“Influence of the spinning process, yarn linear density, and fibre properties on the hairiness of ring-spun and rotor-spun cotton yarns”, “Journal of the Textile
Institute”, Vol. 2, 1988, Page 189-197

14. 6. Acknowledgement:-
For the completion of this minor project, we are hereby acknowledging to our
project supervisor Dr. Atin Chaudhuri, World Textile Abstract (from our college
library), www.researchgate.com, Google & Wikipedia.