This document discusses infertility, or the failure to conceive after one year of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. It identifies factors that increase or decrease chances of conception and explores causes of infertility in both males and females. For males, common causes include abnormal semen quality, infections, and certain drugs. For females, major causes are anovulation, damaged fallopian tubes, endometriosis, and fibroids. The document outlines various treatment options for infertility, including lifestyle changes, surgery, assisted reproduction techniques like intrauterine insemination, IVF, ICSI, and donor insemination.
The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)Muhammad Anas Shamsi
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)Muhammad Anas Shamsi
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.
PGD is a state-of-the-art procedure used in conjunction with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in which the embryo is tested for certain conditions prior to being placed in the womb of the woman.
Y chromosome microdeletion (YCM) is a family of genetic disorders caused by missing genes in the Y chromosome. Y chromosome infertility is a condition that affects the production of sperm, making it difficult or impossible for affected men to father children. An affected man's body may produce no mature sperm cells (azoospermia), fewer than the usual number of sperm cells (oligospermia), or sperm cells that are abnormally shaped or that do not move properly.
Check out this video to know more about Y-Chromosome Deletion
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Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having miscarriages or stillbirths, that's also called infertility. Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15 percent of couples are unable to get pregnant.
Y chromosome microdeletion (YCM) is a family of genetic disorders caused by missing genes in the Y chromosome. Y chromosome infertility is a condition that affects the production of sperm, making it difficult or impossible for affected men to father children. An affected man's body may produce no mature sperm cells (azoospermia), fewer than the usual number of sperm cells (oligospermia), or sperm cells that are abnormally shaped or that do not move properly.
Check out this video to know more about Y-Chromosome Deletion
Contact Us @ http://fertility-clinic.in/contact-us/
Like Our Facebook Page @ https://www.facebook.com/SrishtiFertilityClinic
Follow Us On Linkedin @ https://in.linkedin.com/in/soumyaroopdash
Subsribe Our Youtube Channel @ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChaynVYC_ltNT3YVKc32XYw
Follow Us On Twitter @ https://twitter.com/SAFALPuducherry
Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having miscarriages or stillbirths, that's also called infertility. Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15 percent of couples are unable to get pregnant.
A miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is an event that results in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically happens during the first trimester, or first three months, of the pregnancy. Miscarriages can happen for a variety of medical reasons, many of which aren't within a person's control.
MENDELE'S EXPERIMNENT AND TERMINOLOGY, BY MR. DINABANDHU BARAD, MSC TUTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRIC, SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SIKSHA 'O' ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY
INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM, PKU, PHENYLKETONURIA, BY: MR. DINABANDHU BARAD, MSC TUTOR, SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SIKSHA O ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
EUGENIC MOVEMENT, GENETIC NURSING, BY: MR. DINABANDHU BARAD, MSC TUTOR, SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SIKSHA O ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. INFERTILITY
• Infertility (subfertility): The failure to conceive after one year of
unprotected regular sexual intercourse. Subfertility can be primary
or secondary.
• Primary subfertility: The delay that occurs for couples who have had
no previous pregnancies.
• Secondary subfertility: The delay that occurs for couples who have
conceived previously, although the pregnancy may not have been
successful (miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy).
3. FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY
Increased chances of conception:
• Woman aged under 30 years
• Previous pregnancy
• Less than three years trying to conceive
• Intercourse occurring during six days before ovulation,
particularly two days before ovulation
4. FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY
• Woman’s body mass index (BMI) 20–30
• Both partners are non-smokers
• Caffeine intake less than two cups of coffee daily
• No use of recreational drugs
5. Reduced chances of conception:
• Women aged over 35 years
• No previous pregnancy
• Trying to conceive for over three years
• Intercourse incorrectly timed
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY
6. Reduced chances of conception:
• Woman’s BMI < 20 or >30
• One or both partners smoke
• High caffeine intake
• Regular use of recreational drugs
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY
7. CAUSES OF SUBFERTILITY
• Abnormal semen quality and sexual dysfunction are contributing
factors in 50% of subfertile couples.
• Subfertility affects one in 20 men.
• Male subfertility are caused by testicular or genital tract
infection, disease, or abnormalities.
• Systemic disease, external factors (drugs, lifestyle), or
combinations of these also result in male subfertility.
9. TREATMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLE FOR
SUBFERTILE MEN
• Stopping adverse drugs and drug misuse like sulphasalazine
and anabolic steroids misused by athletes
• Timing and lifestyle changes
• Treating accessory gland infection
• Assisted conception: Intrauterine insemination and
intracytoplasmic sperm injection and donor insemination.
10. FEMALE SUBFERTILITY
• Anovulation, tubal subfertility, endometriosis, and fibroids are major
reasons for female subfertility.
• Anovulation: Disorders of ovulation account for 30% of infertility and
often present with irregular periods (oligomenorrhoea) or an absence
of periods (amenorrhoea).
• Many of the treatments are simple and effective; therefore, couples
may need only limited contact with doctors.
11. FEMALE SUBFERTILITY
• However, not all causes of anovulation are amenable to treatment by
ovulation induction.
• Anovulation can sometimes be treated with medical or surgical
induction, but it is the cause of the anovulation that will determine
whether ovulation induction is possible.
12. CHROMOSOMAL
• Turner’s Syndrome (45,X): Underdeveloped streak ovaries resulting in
primary ovarian failure (premature menopause).
• Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (46,XY): Women have 46,XY
karyotype with intra-abdominal gonads that are testes but have
developed phenotypically as a female because of the absence of
androgen receptors. The vagina ends blindly as there is no uterus and
pregnancy is impossible.
13. TUBAL SUBFERTILITY
• Patent fallopian tubes are a prerequisite for normal human fertility.
However, patency alone is not enough—normal function is crucial.
• Fallopian tubes have a crucial role in picking up the eggs and transporting
the eggs, sperm, and embryo.
• The fallopian tubes are also needed for sperm capacitation and egg
fertilization.
14. TUBAL SUBFERTILITY
• The fallopian tube is vulnerable to infection and surgical damage, which
may impair function by affecting the delicate fimbriae or the highly
specialized endosalpinx.
• A fallopian tube obstruction occurs in 12–33% of infertile couples and
hence tubal patency should be investigated early.
15. CAUSES OF TUBAL DAMAGE
• INFECTION: Pelvic infection is a major cause of tubal subfertility.
Infective tubal damage can be caused by sexually transmitted
diseases, or can occur after miscarriage, termination of pregnancy,
puerperal sepsis, or insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device.
Pelvic infections are most commonly caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis, Gonorrhoea, and genital tuberculosis.
16. ENDOMETRIOSIS
• Endometriosis is present in 20–40% of women who complain of
subfertility.
• Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of growth of
endometrial tissue outside the uterus and is often associated with
symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and subfertility.
17. ENDOMETRIOSIS
• Pelvic examination may show tenderness, nodules of endometriosis
on the uterosacral ligaments or an enlarged ovary, which may be
secondary to an ovarian endometrioma.
• The diagnosis of endometriosis is generally confirmed by
laproscopy. Preoperative ultrasonography is helpful to diagnose the
likely cause of a tender and enlarged ovary.
18. ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNIQUES
• Many assisted conception modules are offered to subfertile couples
based on the etiology of subfertility.
• Intrauterine insemination: For men with ejaculatory dysfunction and
difficulty in coitus, semen sample is collected, washed, prepared, and
deposited into the uterus at a time when ovulation is likely or
assisted.
19. ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNIQUES
• The sample is washed; prepared motile sperm is deposited in the
uterus just before the release of the egg in a natural or stimulated
cycle.
• The technique is effective when it is combined with mild
superovulation using gonadotropins.
• It is simpler, cheaper, and less invasive than IVF or ICSI and has fewer
complications.
20. INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM
INJECTION (ICSI)
• A single sperm is injected into the cytoplasm of the egg to attain fertilization.
• Multiple defects of sperm (concentration, motility, and morphology) show poor
success in IVF; hence, ICSI is preferred.
• ICSI is a specialized variant of IVF treatment in which fertilization is achieved by
the injection of a single sperm directly into the cytoplasm of the egg.
• Only mature eggs are suitable for injection with prepared sperm.
• A single sperm is carefully examined and selected for normality of its
morphology and with a fine glass needle it is inserted directly into the cytoplasm
of the egg.
21. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)
• In IVF, oocytes (obtained surgically from ovarian follicles in
superovulated cycles) are prepared and are brought together in a dish
in the laboratory.
• Fertilization takes place outside the body (in vitro = glass).
• Cleavage stage embryos derived from these fertilized oocytes are
placed in the uterus (embryo transfer) for pregnancy to occur.
22. DONOR INSEMINATION
• It is advised to couples who suffer from azoospermia or failed ICSI.
• Donors are hired by sperm banks and are screened for history of
medical or genetic disorders and sexually transmitted infections.
• The women must have atleast one fallopian tube functional and must
be ovulatory to achieve success by donor insemination.
• Counselling must be imparted to both partners to explore all the
issues related to the use of donor gametes.