This document discusses infertility, its causes, diagnostic procedures, medical management, and levels of care. Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can be primary or secondary infertility. Diagnostic procedures include tests of hormone levels, imaging of reproductive organs, and semen analysis. Medical management includes pharmacological treatments like clomiphene and menotropins, as well as assisted reproductive technologies like artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Levels of care include promoting a healthy lifestyle, pharmacological treatments, assisted reproduction, prevention of risk factors, and rehabilitation through medication and lifestyle changes.

1. INFERTILITYShenellD

2. A couple’s inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected intercoursePrimary infertility- couple never had a childSecondary Infertility - At least one conception occurred, but currently the couple cannot achieve a pregnancy

3. ETIOLOGYFor Females;Ovulatory dysfunctionPremature ovarian failureHigh prolactin levelsFibroids, polyps, and congenital malformationobesityFor Males :VaricocelesVaricose veinsDecreased semen qualityIncreased testicular temperature

4. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURESSerum progesterone level

5. Ovulation index

6. Urine stick test

7. Hysterosalphingopraphy

8. Pelvic exam

9. Hysteroscopy

10. Urinalysis

11. Semen analysisMEDICAL MANAGEMENTPharmacological treatment,

12. Clomiphene (clomid)