Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva that results from various diseases, infections, injuries, allergies or irritants. Common causes include scented products, synthetic fabrics, activities like horseback riding or bicycle riding, and infections. Symptoms include redness, swelling, itching and fluid-filled blisters or sores. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and potentially tests for infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include avoiding irritants, sitz baths and hydrocortisone creams.
Contrary to popular belief, exercising helps you to build and strengthen muscles and prepares a pregnant woman for childbirth. Exercise caution while working out as overexerting oneself while pregnant can be harmful for the baby.
The document provides information on postnatal care for mothers, including:
1. Postnatal care involves regular checkups and visits within the first 42 days after birth to monitor the health of the mother and newborn. The first 48 hours and first week are critical periods that carry the highest risk of complications.
2. Mothers should receive checkups on a schedule, with the first visit focusing on medical history, examination, counseling on hygiene, nutrition, breastfeeding and birth registration.
3. Subsequent visits continue monitoring for issues like bleeding, infection and mental health, while reinforcing counseling on diet, rest, contraception and breastfeeding. The postnatal period requires close support and care of both mother
Chhaya is an oral contraceptive pill which does not contain any hormone. It is available in the market in some places as 'Saheli' tablet. It has been introduced in the public health system in the name of 'Chhaya' to benefit more women at no cost. It is a safe spacing option for both breast feeding and non-breast feeding women and needs to be taken only twice a week for the first 3 months and then once a Week.
This document discusses abortion and miscarriage. It defines abortion as the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 grams or less that is incapable of independent survival. Causes of abortion include genetic abnormalities, endocrine issues, infections, anatomical abnormalities, and blood group incompatibility. Threatened abortion refers to bleeding in early pregnancy when recovery is still possible, while inevitable and incomplete abortions involve progression where continuation of pregnancy is impossible. Septic abortion occurs when infection is present. Management depends on severity and aims to evacuate the uterus, treat infection if present, and prevent complications.
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position in the pelvis due to weakening of the pelvic muscles and ligaments that support it. It is a common condition seen primarily in post-menopausal women with a history of one or more vaginal deliveries. Symptoms include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvis, back pain, difficulty emptying the bladder or bowels fully, and the visible protrusion of the uterus from the vagina. Management involves pelvic floor exercises, pessary devices, and surgery depending on the severity of the prolapse. Surgery such as vaginal hysterectomy is often used to correct uterine prolapse.
This document discusses dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). It defines DUB as abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of pregnancy or pelvic pathology, caused by hormonal disturbances. DUB can be anovulatory or ovulatory. Common types include metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and meno-metrorrhagia. Management depends on age, fertility desires, and severity of bleeding. Initial treatment involves general measures and NSAIDs or hormonal therapies like progestins. Surgical options include D&C, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy for severe cases. The goal of treatment is to control bleeding and identify any underlying causes.
A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It forms a canal that opens into the vagina. Cervical biopsies can be done in several ways.
Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva that results from various diseases, infections, injuries, allergies or irritants. Common causes include scented products, synthetic fabrics, activities like horseback riding or bicycle riding, and infections. Symptoms include redness, swelling, itching and fluid-filled blisters or sores. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and potentially tests for infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include avoiding irritants, sitz baths and hydrocortisone creams.
Contrary to popular belief, exercising helps you to build and strengthen muscles and prepares a pregnant woman for childbirth. Exercise caution while working out as overexerting oneself while pregnant can be harmful for the baby.
The document provides information on postnatal care for mothers, including:
1. Postnatal care involves regular checkups and visits within the first 42 days after birth to monitor the health of the mother and newborn. The first 48 hours and first week are critical periods that carry the highest risk of complications.
2. Mothers should receive checkups on a schedule, with the first visit focusing on medical history, examination, counseling on hygiene, nutrition, breastfeeding and birth registration.
3. Subsequent visits continue monitoring for issues like bleeding, infection and mental health, while reinforcing counseling on diet, rest, contraception and breastfeeding. The postnatal period requires close support and care of both mother
Chhaya is an oral contraceptive pill which does not contain any hormone. It is available in the market in some places as 'Saheli' tablet. It has been introduced in the public health system in the name of 'Chhaya' to benefit more women at no cost. It is a safe spacing option for both breast feeding and non-breast feeding women and needs to be taken only twice a week for the first 3 months and then once a Week.
This document discusses abortion and miscarriage. It defines abortion as the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 grams or less that is incapable of independent survival. Causes of abortion include genetic abnormalities, endocrine issues, infections, anatomical abnormalities, and blood group incompatibility. Threatened abortion refers to bleeding in early pregnancy when recovery is still possible, while inevitable and incomplete abortions involve progression where continuation of pregnancy is impossible. Septic abortion occurs when infection is present. Management depends on severity and aims to evacuate the uterus, treat infection if present, and prevent complications.
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position in the pelvis due to weakening of the pelvic muscles and ligaments that support it. It is a common condition seen primarily in post-menopausal women with a history of one or more vaginal deliveries. Symptoms include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvis, back pain, difficulty emptying the bladder or bowels fully, and the visible protrusion of the uterus from the vagina. Management involves pelvic floor exercises, pessary devices, and surgery depending on the severity of the prolapse. Surgery such as vaginal hysterectomy is often used to correct uterine prolapse.
This document discusses dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). It defines DUB as abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of pregnancy or pelvic pathology, caused by hormonal disturbances. DUB can be anovulatory or ovulatory. Common types include metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and meno-metrorrhagia. Management depends on age, fertility desires, and severity of bleeding. Initial treatment involves general measures and NSAIDs or hormonal therapies like progestins. Surgical options include D&C, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy for severe cases. The goal of treatment is to control bleeding and identify any underlying causes.
A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It forms a canal that opens into the vagina. Cervical biopsies can be done in several ways.
Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation and fertility, occurring naturally around age 45-55. It marks the end of the reproductive phase of a woman's life. There are typically four phases - pre-menopause, peri-menopause, menopausal, and post-menopausal. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, sleep issues, urinary problems, and mood changes. Hormone therapy can help treat symptoms but comes with some health risks, so lifestyle changes and non-hormonal options are usually recommended first.
The document outlines India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It discusses the life cycle of Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis) and describes the programme which was implemented in 1984 to work with states, WHO, UNICEF and other organizations to provide health education, treat water sources, and conduct surveillance to eliminate cases of Guinea worm disease. Through these efforts, India was certified free of transmission by 2000 and the programme continues surveillance and education activities to prevent any future outbreaks.
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Routine antenatal investigations, those are most common antenatal Investigat...sonal patel
Routine antenatal investigations include tests such as hemoglobin, urine, blood sugar, HIV, HBsAg, ABO, and Rh. These tests screen for anemia, infections, blood disorders, blood type, and other conditions. Abnormal results require follow up care during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management can help treat minor issues and prevent complications.
complcations of third stage of labour, includes PPH, Inversion of uterus, retained placenta, placenta accreta, increta, percreta, amniotic fluid embolism
The document provides guidelines for managing the first stage of normal labor, including objectives like maintaining normalcy and detecting deviations, and principles like noninterference and careful monitoring. It outlines assessments and observations of the mother like vital signs and urine, and of the fetus like heart rate. Guidelines are given for supportive care during labor like positioning, mobility, nutrition, and pain relief.
This document discusses puerperal infection, which refers to infections occurring after childbirth. It aims to define puerperal infection, describe common causative organisms and risk factors, explain the pathology and diagnostic process, and outline prevention and management strategies. Puerperal infection morbidity affects 2-10% of patients and is higher after cesarean deliveries. Improved obstetric care and antibiotics have reduced rates. The uterus is the most common infection site. Symptoms, treatment with antibiotics and rest, and surgical drainage for abscesses are discussed. Urinary tract infections are another common postpartum complication, caused by bacteria and associated with catheterization and bladder changes. Diagnosis and treatment focus on urinalysis
This document discusses menorrhagia, or abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It defines menorrhagia as menstrual flow over 80 ml per cycle and lists potential causes like hormone imbalances, fibroids, polyps, and medications. Signs include soaking through a pad every hour for several hours. Tests to diagnose the cause may include blood tests, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Treatment options range from iron supplements and NSAIDs to hormonal treatments, surgical procedures like endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy in severe cases.
Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) during Postnatal periodAnupamaKh1
Urinary tract infections are common after delivery, affecting 1-5% of women. Factors that increase the risk include a shorter urethra in women, trauma to muscles and ligaments during labor from excessive wear and tear, and catheterization during delivery. Signs of a urinary tract infection include burning during urination, urgency, and frequency, while a kidney infection may cause fever, chills, and flank pain. Infections are usually treated with antibiotics, though intravenous treatment may be needed in severe cases. Preventive measures include staying hydrated, drinking cranberry juice, and practicing good hygiene.
Cystocele, also known as prolapsed bladder, occurs when the supportive tissue between the bladder and vaginal wall weakens, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina. Common causes include childbirth, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, constipation, obesity, and menopause. Symptoms include frequent urination, incontinence, discomfort in the pelvis or vagina, and tissue protruding from the vagina. Treatment options include Kegel exercises, estrogen therapy, pessaries, and surgery. The document then provides a case study of a 57-year-old female patient diagnosed with mild cystocele who is undergoing conservative treatment and pelvic floor physiotherapy including Kegel exercises, biofeedback
Uterine prolapse is the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. It is usually rated by degree depending on how far the uterus has descended. Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, chronic coughing, and menopause. Symptoms include pressure or heaviness in the pelvis, urinary problems, and painful sex. Treatment options include the use of a vaginal pessary or various surgical procedures to repair tissues. Nursing care focuses on preventive measures like Kegel exercises and helping patients before and after surgery.
This document outlines postnatal exercises for new mothers. It defines postnatal exercises as physical exercises performed after birth to optimize health and prevent complications. The purposes are to improve muscle tone stretched during pregnancy, educate on posture, minimize blood clot risk, and prevent issues like back pain, prolapse, and incontinence. Exercises include abdominal, circulatory, pelvic floor, and chest exercises like breathing, leg raises, and floor exercises that are demonstrated and gradually increased in difficulty over time.
The document summarizes various obstetric surgical procedures including:
1. Dilatation and evacuation procedures to remove products of conception from the uterus such as suction and evacuation.
2. Cervical cerclage procedures like McDonald's technique which reinforce a weak cervix to prevent miscarriage.
3. Destructive procedures like craniotomy and evisceration which reduce the fetal bulk to facilitate delivery in cases of obstruction.
4. Common vaginal procedures including forceps delivery, episiotomy and breech extraction.
National guinea worm eradication programme in Indiasobana M
This document summarizes India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It describes how Guinea worm disease is transmitted and its symptoms. It outlines the strategies used by the program, including case detection, health education, provision of safe drinking water, and vector control. The program was successful, reducing cases from around 40,000 in 1984 to only 9 cases in 1996, with zero incidence since. In 2000, India was certified by the WHO as eliminating Guinea worm disease.
Uterine malformations occur due to abnormalities in the development of the Müllerian ducts during embryo formation. There are several types of uterine malformations that can occur including unicornuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus, and arcuate uterus. Women with uterine malformations may experience issues with infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or other complications. Diagnosis is often made through ultrasound, MRI, or hysterosalpingography. Treatment options depend on the type of malformation but may include surgery to reconstruct the uterus or assisted reproduction techniques.
This document discusses permanent methods of family planning or sterilization. It describes vasectomy and tubal ligation procedures. For males, vasectomy can be done via standard or non-scalpel methods involving cutting or clamping the vas deferens. For females, tubal ligation techniques include partial salpingectomy, clips, or electrocautery applied via laparoscopy, laparotomy, or minilaparotomy. Both methods are effective permanent contraception with minimal risks but require counseling on benefits and limitations.
1) Guinea worm disease, caused by the Dracunculus medinensis nematode, was an important public health problem in many Indian states before being eradicated in 2000.
2) The adult female guinea worm emerges painfully through the skin, usually in the lower limbs, measuring 60-100 cm in length.
3) The National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme was launched in 1983 with strategies including active case detection and surveillance, case management, vector control through water filtration and treatment, provision of safe drinking water, and health education.
ECLAMPSIA KIT - EVERY MATERNITY SETUP SHOULD BE READY BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
Dr. Shashwat Jani discusses the importance of having an "eclampsia kit" available at all medical facilities that provide maternity care. Eclampsia, a complication of pregnancy marked by convulsions, is a major cause of maternal death worldwide. Having a standardized kit containing all necessary equipment and medications for managing eclamptic women could help reduce delays in critical care and treatment, improving maternal and fetal outcomes. The document outlines the recommended contents of an eclampsia kit, including airway equipment, intravenous access items, fluids and medications for stabilizing blood pressure and stopping seizures. It emphasizes the benefits of having a standardized, easily accessible kit to facilitate faster, more effective emergency management of eclamptic women
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position due to weakened pelvic muscles and tissues. It is often caused by pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, menopause, or chronic conditions like coughing or constipation. Symptoms range from a feeling of heaviness to organs protruding from the vagina. Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, hormone therapy, and surgery to repair damaged tissues or remove the uterus. Surgical risks include infection, incontinence, and prolapse recurrence.
This is a presentation in Hindi. This presentation has major birth defects. It has a in detail description of the defects. I really had a good time in making this presentation as i could learn many things about the defects. I would really thank all the people who helped me in completing this presentation by arranging and editing my presentation to perfection. It contain in detail description.
Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation and fertility, occurring naturally around age 45-55. It marks the end of the reproductive phase of a woman's life. There are typically four phases - pre-menopause, peri-menopause, menopausal, and post-menopausal. Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, sleep issues, urinary problems, and mood changes. Hormone therapy can help treat symptoms but comes with some health risks, so lifestyle changes and non-hormonal options are usually recommended first.
The document outlines India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It discusses the life cycle of Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis) and describes the programme which was implemented in 1984 to work with states, WHO, UNICEF and other organizations to provide health education, treat water sources, and conduct surveillance to eliminate cases of Guinea worm disease. Through these efforts, India was certified free of transmission by 2000 and the programme continues surveillance and education activities to prevent any future outbreaks.
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Routine antenatal investigations, those are most common antenatal Investigat...sonal patel
Routine antenatal investigations include tests such as hemoglobin, urine, blood sugar, HIV, HBsAg, ABO, and Rh. These tests screen for anemia, infections, blood disorders, blood type, and other conditions. Abnormal results require follow up care during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management can help treat minor issues and prevent complications.
complcations of third stage of labour, includes PPH, Inversion of uterus, retained placenta, placenta accreta, increta, percreta, amniotic fluid embolism
The document provides guidelines for managing the first stage of normal labor, including objectives like maintaining normalcy and detecting deviations, and principles like noninterference and careful monitoring. It outlines assessments and observations of the mother like vital signs and urine, and of the fetus like heart rate. Guidelines are given for supportive care during labor like positioning, mobility, nutrition, and pain relief.
This document discusses puerperal infection, which refers to infections occurring after childbirth. It aims to define puerperal infection, describe common causative organisms and risk factors, explain the pathology and diagnostic process, and outline prevention and management strategies. Puerperal infection morbidity affects 2-10% of patients and is higher after cesarean deliveries. Improved obstetric care and antibiotics have reduced rates. The uterus is the most common infection site. Symptoms, treatment with antibiotics and rest, and surgical drainage for abscesses are discussed. Urinary tract infections are another common postpartum complication, caused by bacteria and associated with catheterization and bladder changes. Diagnosis and treatment focus on urinalysis
This document discusses menorrhagia, or abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It defines menorrhagia as menstrual flow over 80 ml per cycle and lists potential causes like hormone imbalances, fibroids, polyps, and medications. Signs include soaking through a pad every hour for several hours. Tests to diagnose the cause may include blood tests, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Treatment options range from iron supplements and NSAIDs to hormonal treatments, surgical procedures like endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy in severe cases.
Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) during Postnatal periodAnupamaKh1
Urinary tract infections are common after delivery, affecting 1-5% of women. Factors that increase the risk include a shorter urethra in women, trauma to muscles and ligaments during labor from excessive wear and tear, and catheterization during delivery. Signs of a urinary tract infection include burning during urination, urgency, and frequency, while a kidney infection may cause fever, chills, and flank pain. Infections are usually treated with antibiotics, though intravenous treatment may be needed in severe cases. Preventive measures include staying hydrated, drinking cranberry juice, and practicing good hygiene.
Cystocele, also known as prolapsed bladder, occurs when the supportive tissue between the bladder and vaginal wall weakens, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina. Common causes include childbirth, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, constipation, obesity, and menopause. Symptoms include frequent urination, incontinence, discomfort in the pelvis or vagina, and tissue protruding from the vagina. Treatment options include Kegel exercises, estrogen therapy, pessaries, and surgery. The document then provides a case study of a 57-year-old female patient diagnosed with mild cystocele who is undergoing conservative treatment and pelvic floor physiotherapy including Kegel exercises, biofeedback
Uterine prolapse is the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. It is usually rated by degree depending on how far the uterus has descended. Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, chronic coughing, and menopause. Symptoms include pressure or heaviness in the pelvis, urinary problems, and painful sex. Treatment options include the use of a vaginal pessary or various surgical procedures to repair tissues. Nursing care focuses on preventive measures like Kegel exercises and helping patients before and after surgery.
This document outlines postnatal exercises for new mothers. It defines postnatal exercises as physical exercises performed after birth to optimize health and prevent complications. The purposes are to improve muscle tone stretched during pregnancy, educate on posture, minimize blood clot risk, and prevent issues like back pain, prolapse, and incontinence. Exercises include abdominal, circulatory, pelvic floor, and chest exercises like breathing, leg raises, and floor exercises that are demonstrated and gradually increased in difficulty over time.
The document summarizes various obstetric surgical procedures including:
1. Dilatation and evacuation procedures to remove products of conception from the uterus such as suction and evacuation.
2. Cervical cerclage procedures like McDonald's technique which reinforce a weak cervix to prevent miscarriage.
3. Destructive procedures like craniotomy and evisceration which reduce the fetal bulk to facilitate delivery in cases of obstruction.
4. Common vaginal procedures including forceps delivery, episiotomy and breech extraction.
National guinea worm eradication programme in Indiasobana M
This document summarizes India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme. It describes how Guinea worm disease is transmitted and its symptoms. It outlines the strategies used by the program, including case detection, health education, provision of safe drinking water, and vector control. The program was successful, reducing cases from around 40,000 in 1984 to only 9 cases in 1996, with zero incidence since. In 2000, India was certified by the WHO as eliminating Guinea worm disease.
Uterine malformations occur due to abnormalities in the development of the Müllerian ducts during embryo formation. There are several types of uterine malformations that can occur including unicornuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus, and arcuate uterus. Women with uterine malformations may experience issues with infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or other complications. Diagnosis is often made through ultrasound, MRI, or hysterosalpingography. Treatment options depend on the type of malformation but may include surgery to reconstruct the uterus or assisted reproduction techniques.
This document discusses permanent methods of family planning or sterilization. It describes vasectomy and tubal ligation procedures. For males, vasectomy can be done via standard or non-scalpel methods involving cutting or clamping the vas deferens. For females, tubal ligation techniques include partial salpingectomy, clips, or electrocautery applied via laparoscopy, laparotomy, or minilaparotomy. Both methods are effective permanent contraception with minimal risks but require counseling on benefits and limitations.
1) Guinea worm disease, caused by the Dracunculus medinensis nematode, was an important public health problem in many Indian states before being eradicated in 2000.
2) The adult female guinea worm emerges painfully through the skin, usually in the lower limbs, measuring 60-100 cm in length.
3) The National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme was launched in 1983 with strategies including active case detection and surveillance, case management, vector control through water filtration and treatment, provision of safe drinking water, and health education.
ECLAMPSIA KIT - EVERY MATERNITY SETUP SHOULD BE READY BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
Dr. Shashwat Jani discusses the importance of having an "eclampsia kit" available at all medical facilities that provide maternity care. Eclampsia, a complication of pregnancy marked by convulsions, is a major cause of maternal death worldwide. Having a standardized kit containing all necessary equipment and medications for managing eclamptic women could help reduce delays in critical care and treatment, improving maternal and fetal outcomes. The document outlines the recommended contents of an eclampsia kit, including airway equipment, intravenous access items, fluids and medications for stabilizing blood pressure and stopping seizures. It emphasizes the benefits of having a standardized, easily accessible kit to facilitate faster, more effective emergency management of eclamptic women
“Clinicians should proactively talk to their patients of reproductive age about ECPs and offer advance prescriptions for ECPs during routine gynecologic office visits….”
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position due to weakened pelvic muscles and tissues. It is often caused by pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, menopause, or chronic conditions like coughing or constipation. Symptoms range from a feeling of heaviness to organs protruding from the vagina. Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, hormone therapy, and surgery to repair damaged tissues or remove the uterus. Surgical risks include infection, incontinence, and prolapse recurrence.
This is a presentation in Hindi. This presentation has major birth defects. It has a in detail description of the defects. I really had a good time in making this presentation as i could learn many things about the defects. I would really thank all the people who helped me in completing this presentation by arranging and editing my presentation to perfection. It contain in detail description.
Are you a sexual patient with premature ejaculation?
Premature ejaculation is a condition of premature ejaculation in men. In this condition, the person does not have control over his ejaculation and he ejaculates within a short time before or during his first sexual activity.
Dr. Sunil Dubey, India’s most reliable and highly experienced sexologist doctor in Patna, Bihar says that generally, the condition of premature ejaculation in men is divided into four states. This is a psychological problem that is interlinked with sexual activity. It is treatable and fixed through Ayurvedic medication, psychological sexual counseling, and behavioral therapies.
This world famous sexologist doctor also says that usually he treats this type of patient according to the type of ejaculation disorder. In case of premature ejaculation, the person discharges himself in a short time, this is an easy symptom but its treatment is deep and requires patience.
Dr. Sunil Dubey practices at Dubey Clinic in Patna, where more than thirty sex patients visit him every day for treatment and consultation. He is the most sought-after senior sexologist doctor in Bihar, where sexual patients have to take their appointment before coming to the clinic.
He says that people who are suffering from premature ejaculation should always be wary of getting themselves treated by a new or inexperienced sexologist. It is an Ayurveda and naturopathy system that provides a holistic approach to cure their problems. The experienced clinical sexologist doctor who has specialization in Ayurveda, Sexology, and Psychology medical science; he is capable of handling this type of sexual patients easily.
Dubey Clinic is India’s most trusted and certified Ayurveda and Sexology medical science clinic that provides the complete sexual treatment under the modern methodology of Ayurvedic treatment. More than 6.35 lakh sexual patients have got successful treatment and medication from Dubey Clinic. Now, it is your turn to fix your sexual problem. Make an appointment with Dubey Clinic and lead a prosperous married life forever.
For more info contact us:
Dubey Clinic
A certified clinic in India
Dr. Sunil Dubey, Gold Medalist Sexologist
B.A.M.S. (Ranchi) | M.R.S.H. (London) | Ph.D. in Ayurveda (USA)
Location: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna - 04
Helpline No: +91 98350 92586; +91 91555 55112
Stay connected with us to know more info & updates:-
Web info: https://ayurvedacharyadrsunildubey.com/
#sexologist #guptrogspecialist #bestsexologist #bestsexologistpatna #bihar #patna #dubeyclinic #drsunildubey #dubeclinicpatna #health #healthcare #sexualhealth #medical #sexualeducation #famoussexologist #famoussexologistpatna #famoussexologistbihar #goldmedalist #goldmedalistsexologist #india #topsexologistpatna #mentalhealth #medicine #guptrogdoctor #guptrogdoctorpatna #guptrogdoctorbihar #bestsexologistdoctorpatna #bestsexologistbihar #bestsexologistdoctorbihar #bestsexologistnearme
Are you suffering from premature ejaculation? Actually, most of the people in India or the world are suffering from this ejaculation disorder. Mainly, in this case, the male person does not have control over his ejaculation and he ejaculates within a short time. In this situation, his female partner is not able to get orgasm and this sexual act remains incomplete.
Dr. Sunil Dubey, the best sexologist doctor in Patna says that mainly, most people don’t know about their premature ejaculation cause. Here, the responsibility of clinical sexologist doctor increases more for the safety and exact treatment for this type of psychological and sexual patients. As a matter of fact, the general sexologist doctor has less experience so he is incapable of providing the complete therapies to the premature ejaculation sexual patients.
Mainly psychological factors play an important role to lead a person to Premature Ejaculation condition. Therefore, the experienced Ayurveda and Sexology Expert are helpful to treat this type of sexual patients. Dr. Sunil Dubey is one of the best sexologist doctors in Bihar who is an expert in Ayurveda & Sexology medical science. He has researched on all the states of premature ejaculation and discovered the holistic therapies under the Ayurveda medicine.
You should once consult Dr. Sunil Dubey who practices at Dubey Clinic. Male and female sexual patients from all over India come to Dubey Clinic in Patna. This world famous Ayurvedacharya treats all of them according to the actual problem. Make an appointment that is available over phone every day from 8 AM to 8 PM.
For more info contact us:
Dubey Clinic
A certified clinic in India
Dr. Sunil Dubey, Gold Medalist Sexologist
B.A.M.S. (Ranchi) | M.R.S.H. (London) | Ph.D. in Ayurveda (USA)
Location: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna - 04
Helpline No: +91 98350 92586; +91 91555 55112
Stay connected with us to know more info & updates:-
Web info: https://ayurvedacharyadrsunildubey.com/
#sexologist #guptrogspecialist #bestsexologist #bestsexologistpatna #bihar #patna #dubeyclinic #drsunildubey #dubeclinicpatna #health #healthcare #sexualhealth #medical #sexualeducation #famoussexologist #famoussexologistpatna #famoussexologistbihar #goldmedalist #goldmedalistsexologist #india #topsexologistpatna #mentalhealth #medicine #guptrogdoctor #guptrogdoctorpatna #guptrogdoctorbihar #bestsexologistdoctorpatna #bestsexologistbihar #bestsexologistdoctorbihar #bestsexologistnearme
आईवीएफ क्या है? इसकी प्रक्रिया, दुष्प्रभाव और लागतGaudium IVF
IVF Meaning in Hindi (आईवीएफ): महिला के अंडे और पुरुष के शुक्राणु को लैब में फर्टिलाइज करके भ्रूण का निमार्ण करने की प्रक्रिया को इन विट्रो फर्टिलाइजेशन कहते है। आईवीएफ प्रक्रिया, दुष्प्रभाव और लागत क्या है जानिए गेडियम आईवीएफ के जरिये।
जरूरी नहीं है कि हर स्तन गांठ कैंसर ही हो लेकिन संभावना कैंसर की हो सकती है इसलिए स्तन में गांठ को नज़रअंदाज़ करना सही नहीं हैं।
स्तन गांठ के होने पर आप स्वयं स्तन जांच (self breast examination) करके स्तन या निप्पल में होने वाले परिवर्तनों को जान सकते हो।
सामान्य परिवर्तन होने पर आप कुछ नुस्खों की मदद से स्तन गांठ का इलाज़ कर सकते है लेकिन कुछ भी असामान्य महसूस हो तो आपको डॉक्टर से संपर्क करना चाहिए
पिसीओएस (PCOS) या पॉलीसिस्टिक ओवेरियन सिंड्रोम(polycystic ovarian syndrome) अंडाशय को प्रभावित करने वाली एक हार्मोनल (hormonal) स्थिति है। सामान्य मासिक धर्म चक्र(menstural cycle) में, आमतौर पर लगभग 7-8 के आसपास फॉलिकल (follicles) होते हैं जो बढ़ने लगते हैं और इनमें से एक फॉलिकल (follicle) अंडे को छोड़ने के लिए परिपक्व होगा। हालांकि, पीसीओएस से प्रभावित महिला में, एफएसएच (FSH) और एलएच (LH) हार्मोन(hormone) में असंतुलन होता है और एंड्रोजन हार्मोन(androgen hormone) का अधिक उत्पादन होता है, जिसकी वजह से कोई भी अंडा (egg) परिपक्व नहीं होता है, जिससे एनोव्यूलेश(anovulation) के कारण बच्चा ठहरने में मुश्किल आती है ।
पिसीओएस (PCOS) या पॉलीसिस्टिक ओवेरियन सिंड्रोम(polycystic ovarian syndrome) अंडाशय को प्रभावित करने वाली एक हार्मोनल (hormonal) स्थिति है। सामान्य मासिक धर्म चक्र(menstural cycle) में, आमतौर पर लगभग 7-8 के आसपास फॉलिकल (follicles) होते हैं जो बढ़ने लगते हैं और इनमें से एक फॉलिकल (follicle) अंडे को छोड़ने के लिए परिपक्व होगा। हालांकि, पीसीओएस से प्रभावित महिला में, एफएसएच (FSH) और एलएच (LH) हार्मोन(hormone) में असंतुलन होता है और एंड्रोजन हार्मोन(androgen hormone) का अधिक उत्पादन होता है, जिसकी वजह से कोई भी अंडा (egg) परिपक्व नहीं होता है, जिससे एनोव्यूलेश(anovulation) के कारण बच्चा ठहरने में मुश्किल आती है ।
जरूरी नहीं है कि हर स्तन गांठ कैंसर ही हो लेकिन संभावना कैंसर की हो सकती है इसलिए स्तन में गांठ को नज़रअंदाज़ करना सही नहीं हैं।
स्तन गांठ के होने पर आप स्वयं स्तन जांच (self breast examination) करके स्तन या निप्पल में होने वाले परिवर्तनों को जान सकते हो।
सामान्य परिवर्तन होने पर आप कुछ नुस्खों की मदद से स्तन गांठ का इलाज़ कर सकते है लेकिन कुछ भी असामान्य महसूस हो तो आपको डॉक्टर से संपर्क करना चाहिए।
Are you leading an unhappy married life due to male infertility problem? It is really a bad situation for each couple when they face this type of situation in their lives. Now, you need to worry about your sexual problem because Dubey Clinic has brought the most reliable and authentic treatment and medication for this male infertility problem.
Now, any childless couple can become a parent after the medication and treatment without any surgery. Dr. Sunil Dubey is a world famous Ayurvedacharya and most senior sexologist doctor in Patna who provides one of the most effective and responsive Ayurvedic medicine to get rid of this male sexual problem.
He is the first Indian sexologist doctor who is awarded with Bharat Gaurav, International Ayurveda Ratna, and Asia Fame Ayurvedic Sexologist doctor including gold medal at the same time. He has treated more than four lakhs of sexual patients of India that is his real identity in the profession of Ayurveda and Sexology medical science. He treats more than 30 sexual patients at Dubey Clinic every day. Sexual patients from all over India contact him to get the natural treatment and medication.
He helps all of them and provides his most effective Ayurvedic treatment without any surgery. If you have not consulted him then you should consult him now. He is the best sexologist doctor in Bihar because mostly sexual patients of this state always prefer him first. His sexual counseling and treatment have been panacea for all types of sexual patients.
Just make an appointment to visit Dubey Clinic now. Appointment is available over phone where anyone can make him from anywhere in India.
With best wishes:
Dubey Clinic
A certified clinic in India
Dr. Sunil Dubey, Gold Medalist Sexologist
B.A.M.S. (Ranchi) | M.R.S.H. (London) | Ph.D. in Ayurveda (USA)
Location: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna - 04
Helpline No: +91 98350 92586; +91 91555 55112
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Liver fibrosis is when the healthy liver tissue becomes scarred and is unable to function as properly. The initial stage of liver scarring is fibrosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is the term used later if more of the liver is scarred.
Are you suffering from nocturnal discharge which is the most common sexual dysfunction among youth? Currently, you are living in Patna city and searching for venereal disease doctor around your location. Just consult Dubey Clinic which is India's most trusted and Bihar's first Ayurveda and Sexology medical science clinic. It is situated at Langar Toli, Chauraha and Patna-04. Most of the sexual patients from Bihar come to this clinic every day for treatment of their various sexual problems.
Dr. Sunil Dubey is the best sexologist in Patna where he is famous for all over world. He is one of the most specialized sexologist doctors in the profession of Ayurveda and Sexology medical science. He has also researched on the different sexual dysfunctions of men and women and discovered the most impactful Ayurvedic medicine and therapies to them.
He treats all types of sexual patients and provides them sexual counseling, psychological sexual examination, importance of sexuality in life and analysis of sexual trauma. First of all, he examines the problems through manually and machinery; after that, he provides them treatment.
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With best wishes:
Dubey Clinic
A certified clinic in India
Dr. Sunil Dubey, Gold Medalist Sexologist
B.A.M.S. (Ranchi) | M.R.S.H. (London) | Ph.D. in Ayurveda (USA)
Location: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna - 04
Helpline No: +91 98350 92586; +91 91555 55112
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स्तन कैंसर
स्तन कैंसर स्त्रियों का सबसे भयावह कैंसर है और स्त्रियों में कैंसर से मृत्यु का सबसे बड़ा कारण है। प्रारंभिक अवस्था में यह लक्षणहीन रोग है, कोई दर्द या तकलीफ नहीं होती है। क्योंकि यह बहुत ही कुटिल रोग है, चुपचाप दबे पांव आता है, धीरे-धीरे पैर फैलाता है, शुरू में स्तन और आसपास के लसिका-पर्वों (Lymph Nodes) पर अपना नियंत्रण स्थापित करता है, शरीर की रक्षाप्रणाली को कमजोर करता है और संवेदनशील स्थानों पर अपनी सेना और युद्ध-पोत तैनात करता है। इस तरह पूरी तैयारी होने के बाद ही यह युद्ध का बिगुल बजाता है। परन्तु स्वपरीक्षण, सोनोग्राफी, चिकित्सकीय परीक्षण, मेमोग्राफी, सुई द्वारा जीवोति-जाँच (Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy) द्वारा हम इस रोग को प्रारंभिक अवस्था में चिन्हित कर सकते हैं। बिलकुल प्रारंभिक अवस्था में इस रोग का शल्य द्वारा पूर्ण उपचार (Complete Cure) संभव है।
स्तन कैंसर के उपचार द्वारा हम सूक्ष्म स्थलान्तर रोग (micro metastatic disease) अर्थात स्तन और स्थानीय लसिका-पर्व को लांघ कर बाहर निकल चुकी कैंसर कोशिकाओं को नष्ट कर सकते हैं और इस रोग की मृत्यु दर में 35-70% कमी ला सकते हैं। पिछले दो दशकों में इस रोग पर बहुत अनुसंधान हुए हैं और रोग को समझने, बेहतर उपचार खोजने की दिशा में काफी प्रगति हुई है। (ध्यान रहे अर्बुद, कार्सिनोमा और कैंसर पर्यायवाची हैं)
स्तन की संरचना
स्तन स्त्री की छाती के अग्रभाग में वक्षपेशी (pectorals major muscle) के ऊपर अवस्थित दो गोलाकार दुग्ध उत्पादन इकाइयां होती हैं, जो प्रसव के बाद शिशु के पोषण हेतु अमृततुल्य दुग्ध का स्राव करती हैं। यह स्त्री का सबसे सुन्दर अंग है और सभी स्त्री-पुरुष इसकी और आकर्षित रहते हैं, जिसका एक विशेष मनोवैज्ञानिक कारण है। उनका अवचेतन मन जानता है कि जीवन के प्रारम्भिक दौर में उनकी क्षुधा इन्हीं के द्वारा शान्त होती थी और इन
Are you a sexual patient with Spermatorrhea? Due to this sexual disease you are living a depressed life. Actually, this is a common sexual disease occurring in young people. It is 100% curable through Ayurveda medication and you need not to worry by thinking about your sexual problem.
We are Dubey Clinic and understand your problem that’s why; we suggest you not to worry. Dr. Sunil Dubey is India No 1 Best Sexologist in Patna who practices at Dubey Clinic. This clinic is located at Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, and Patna-04. More than fifty sexual patients visit this clinic every day for their sexual treatment and medication sake.
He is a world famous Ayurvedacharya and researched on various sexual diseases of men and women. After five years of his research, he discovered the most effective Ayurvedic medicines to them. Mostly sexual patients from Bihar always give him top priority whenever they face any sexual problem. It is right time for you to make an appointment with Dubey Clinic. Just call and take your appointment that is available over phone. Ayurvedic medicine does not have any side-effect and it builds the body naturally.
With best wishes:
Dubey Clinic
A certified clinic in India
Dr. Sunil Dubey, Gold Medalist Sexologist
B.A.M.S. (Ranchi) | M.R.S.H. (London) | Ph.D. in Ayurveda (USA)
Location: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna - 04
Helpline No: +91 98350 92586; +91 91555 55112
The document summarizes the organization and components of the nervous system. It discusses that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) which contains the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The basic cells of the nervous system are neurons, which communicate via electrical signals, and neuroglia, which provide support. There are different types of neurons based on their structure and function, such as sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. The document also describes the various types of neuroglia found in the CNS and PNS, including their roles in insulation, protection, and maintenance of the nervous system.
Mrs. Agnes Mahima David is an Assistant Professor at Baba College of Nursing. She holds the position of Assistant Professor at the college. The document provides her name and title at Baba College of Nursing.
Mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness and involves optimal emotional and behavioral adjustment. Mental hygiene aims to maintain and promote mental health through prevention, treatment, and preservation. It helps individuals realize their potential, develop self-respect and respect for others, understand limitations, and make effective adjustments in life. Strategies include developing self-awareness, accepting oneself, balancing aspirations with abilities, training emotions, and maintaining positive attitudes and relationships. Mental health services are provided through government agencies, voluntary organizations, non-profits, and community support systems.
Stress is defined as the body's non-specific response to demands placed on it. Stressors can be catastrophic events, important life events, or daily hassles. When a stressor is present, the body reacts by releasing chemicals to cope. If stress continues without resolving the stressor, it can lead to wear and tear on the body and increased health problems over time. The stress cycle involves a stressor, reaction, wear and tear, reduced health, and increased sensitivity to stress. Coping strategies include emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidance coping.
This document discusses motivation and related concepts. It defines motivation as the internal state that causes an organism to strive toward a goal, often in response to external stimuli. Motivation arises from needs, drives, incentives, and motives. It discusses various theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Motivation involves a cycle from needs and drives being aroused, to goal-directed behavior, achievement of the goal, and relief.
The document discusses various topics related to intelligence including definitions, theories, classifications, and tests. It defines intelligence as the general mental capacity to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn. It discusses theories such as Spearman's two-factor theory which separates intelligence into general intellectual ability (G factor) and specific abilities. It also outlines Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and classifications such as concrete, social, and abstract intelligence. Common intelligence tests and the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ) are explained.
- Learning is a process that results in relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience. It involves the acquisition of knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes, and beliefs.
- Learning occurs through conditioning (classical and operant), observation, insight, and transfer of training. Different theories like behaviorism, social learning theory, and Gestalt psychology have been proposed to explain the process of learning.
- Learning takes place through various methods like conditioning, observation, concept formation, problem solving, verbal learning, motor learning, and attitude formation. It is influenced by many factors like motivation, readiness, environment, and physical and mental health.
Perception involves the interpretation of sensory stimuli received through the sense organs. Sensation is the initial response to a stimulus, while perception provides meaning to sensations. There are several principles that govern perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationship, closure, grouping, simplicity, contour, context, and contrast. Perception can be influenced by factors like sense organs, brain, memory, interests, needs, and culture. Errors in perception such as illusions and hallucinations can also occur under certain conditions like defective senses, inadequate stimuli, excessive stimuli, poor health, limited attention, or lack of guidance.
Attitude is defined as a mental state that influences how an individual behaves towards something. It is formed through learning and experience. Attitudes have three main components - affective (feelings), behavioral (actions), and cognitive (thoughts). They are influenced by social and personal factors like family, experiences, and instructions from others. Attitudes can change due to self-perception, cognitive dissonance, persuasion, and learning. Attitudes are measured using scales like Likert scales and semantic differentials.
A Bartholin's cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the Bartholin's gland of the vagina. Bartholin's cysts typically occur in nulliparous women of child-bearing age and other risk factors include a personal history of Bartholin's cyst, being sexually active, or a history of vulval surgery. Bartholin's cysts can cause vulvar pain, dyspareunia, and may rupture spontaneously, relieving pain. Treatment options include incision and drainage with placement of a Word catheter or marsupialization to prevent reaccumulation of fluid.
This document defines and classifies uterine abnormalities, or mullerian duct anomalies. It describes 7 classes of anomalies resulting from abnormal development of the mullerian ducts during embryogenesis. Class 1 involves complete or partial mullerian agenesis. Classes 2 through 5 involve various degrees of failure of the mullerian ducts to fully fuse, resulting in anomalies like a unicornuate, didelphys, bicornuate, or septate uterus. Class 6 is an arcuate uterus and Class 7 involves DES exposure in utero causing a T-shaped uterus. Symptoms may include pain or infertility. Diagnosis involves imaging tests. Treatment depends on symptoms but may involve surgery to correct the anomaly
This document discusses hydrops fetalis, which is a condition where excess amniotic fluid accumulation (over 2000ml) occurs in the fetus. It summarizes potential causes of hydrops fetalis including fetal anomalies like anencephaly or open spina bifida, placental abnormalities like chorioangioma, or maternal conditions like diabetes. Signs and symptoms in the mother include edema, abdominal distension, and difficulty hearing the fetal heartbeat. Diagnosis involves ultrasound to check for fetal anomalies or multiple pregnancies. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and monitoring for potential maternal complications during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum like preeclampsia, malpresentation, and infection. Fetal risks include prematurity and congen
This document defines types of multiple pregnancies from twins to septuplets and provides information on the incidence, causes, development, and risks of twin pregnancies. It discusses monozygotic and dizygotic twins, their genetic differences, and the various types of conjoined twins. Risks of twin pregnancies include preeclampsia, anemia, preterm birth, and increased operative delivery. Ultrasound is used to determine chorionicity and monitor growth. Close antenatal monitoring and skilled delivery are important due to risks of complications.
Uterine displacement occurs when the uterus is moved from its normal position, either backward (retroverted uterus) or downward (uterine prolapse). Common causes include repeated pregnancies close together, heavy lifting after childbirth, certain sports/dances, vaginal tears during delivery, constipation, bladder issues, tumors, or pelvic injuries. Symptoms of a retroverted uterus include back pain, painful periods, constipation, frequent urination, and miscarriages. Diagnosis involves a pelvic exam and imaging tests. Treatment options are nonsurgical like pessaries and exercises or surgical like hysterectomy or uterine suspension.
1. BABA HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL
OF NURSING
COURSE. : ANM
YEAR : SECOND YEAR
SUBJECT. : MIDWIFERY
UNIT. : 24
TUTORIAL TITILE : INFERTILITY
PRESENTED BY:
MRS AGNES MAHIMA DAVID
ASSISTSNT PROFESSOR
BABA HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL OF NURSING
.
.
.
2. LEARNINF OBJECTIVE
• महिला बााँझपन क्या िै?
• बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) के कारण ?
• बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) के लक्षण ?
• बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) से बचाव ?
• बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) की जाांच ?
• बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) का इलाज?
3.
4. प्रस्तावना
• ककसी महिला के गर्भधारण करने में असक्षमता को, महिला बाांझपन यानी
फीमेल इनफहटभललटी किा जाता िै। यहि एक साल तक यौन सांबांध के प्रयास
के बाि र्ी ककसी महिला के गर्भधारण िोने में समस्या आ रिी िै, तो इसका
मतलब िै कक उस महिला में बाांझपन (Infertility Means in Hindi) की
समस्या िो सकती िै। गर्भधारण ना िोने का कारण पुरुष बााँझपन र्ी िो
सकता िै।कु छ महिलाओां को शािी के बाि गर्भधारण िोने में समस्या िोती िै
और कु छ महिलों को एक बच्चे िोने के बाि िूसरी बार गर्भधारण िोने में
मुश्ककलें आती िै।
5. परिभाषा
महिला बााँझपन का अर्भ िै कक महिलाओां में िोने वाली बाांझपन (Infertility in
Hindi) की समस्या। ववकव र्र में इनफहटभललटी की समस्या से जूझ रिे लोगों
की सांख्या हिन पर हिन बढ़ती िी जा रिी िै। इनफहटभललटी की समस्या महिला
और पुरुष िोनों को सामान रूप से प्रर्ाववत करती िै।
6. महिला बाांझपन के कािण
• ओव्यूलेशन डिसऑिडि : लगर्ग 15% महिलाएां ओवुलेशन ववकारों के कारण
बाांझपन के सार् सांघषभ कर रिी िैं। ओवुलेशन डिसऑिभर में अांिे ओवरी से
बिार निीां ननकल पाते िैं श्जससे िम्पविओां के ललए गर्भधारण करना असांर्व
िो जाता िै
• एांिोक्राइन डिसऑिडि : एांिोक्राइन डिसऑिभर में शरीर की ग्रांथियर्याां (glands)
सामान्य से ज़्यािा या कम िॉमोन का उत्पािन करने लगती िै, और िॉमोन
के असांतुलन के कारण से बाांझपन की समस्या िो सकती िै।
7. • ट्यूबल ब्लॉके ज : यि महिला बाांझपन के सांर्ाववत कारणों में से एक िै।
फै लोवपयन ट्यूब गर्भधारण िोने में एक मित्वपूणभ र्ूलमका ननर्ाती िैं क्योंकक
यिााँ अांिे और शुक्राणु का ननषेचन िोता िैं। बांि यानन ब्लॉक फै लोवपयन ट्यूब
के कारण ननषेचन की प्रकक्रया में बाधा आ जाती िै।
• एांिोमेहियोससस : एांिोमेहियोलसस के सार् लगर्ग एक नतिाई महिलाएां
बाांझपन की समस्या के सार् सांघषभ कर रिी िैं। इस समस्या में एांिोमेहियल
हटशू गर्ाभशय के बािर बढ़ने लगते िै, श्जससे श्रोणण (pelvic) अांगों को
नुकसान िोता िै और एक महिला के गर्भधारण िोने में बाधा उत्त्पन्न करते
िैं।
8. • उम्र : कम उम्र यानन 20 वषभ की उम्र में महिलाओां की फहटभललटी अथियधक िोती िै
और 35 के बाि उनकी फहटभललटी कम िोने लगती िै। ऐसा इललसए क्योंकक उम्र के
बढ़ने के सार्-सार् महिलाओां के अांिों की गुणविा और मात्रा िोनों िी कम िो जाती
िैं।
• तनाव : तनाव िमारे वजन व िॉमोन को काफी िि तक प्रर्ाववत कर सकता िै,
इसललए तनाव के कारण र्ी महिलाओां में इनफहटभललटी की समस्या िो सकती िै।
• िामोनल असांतुलन : िॉमोनल असांतुलन के कारण र्ायराइि या पीसीओएस जैसी
समस्या िो सकती िै।
9. • आधुननक जीवनशैली : अथियधक वजन या कम वजन का िोना अस्वस्र् जीवनशैली
का पररणाम िै, जो एक महिला के मालसक चक्र को प्रर्ाववत करता िै और बाांझपन
का कारण बन सकता िै।
• अन्य ववकाि : अन्य कई ववकार र्ी िैं, जो एक महिला की फहटभललटी को प्रर्ाववत
कर सकते िैं जैसे यूटेराइन फाइब्रॉएि, ऑटोइम्यून डिसऑिभर, पेश्ववक इांफ्लेमेटरी
डिजीज, गर्ाभशय का असामान्य आकार, पोललप्स और सांक्रमण यानन इन्फे क्शन।
• शिाब या ड्रग का सेवन किना : अथियधक मात्रा में शराब या ड्रग के सेवन करने से
फहटभललटी कम िो सकती िैक्यूांकक इससे महिला के अांिों पर नकारत्मक प्रर्ाव पड़ता
िै।
10. पुरुषों में बाांझपन के कािण
• 90 प्रनतशत से अथियधक पुरुषों में बाांझपन का कारण स्पमभ की खराब क्वाललटी और
कम सांख्या िै। इसके अलावा ककसी शारीररक बीमारी, िामोंस में असांतुलन और
अनुवाांलशक ववकार के कारण र्ी पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी की समस्या िो सकती िै।
• सबसे पिले पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी का सांबांध प्यूबटी की उम्र के िौरान जननाांगों के
ववकास और बनावट पर ननर्भर करता िै। पुरुषों में कम से कम एक टेश्स्टकल ठीक
तरि से कायभ करना चाहिए और शरीर टेस्टोस्टेरोन और अन्य िामोन बना पाने में
समर्भ िो ताकक स्पमभ के उत्पािन को हिगर और बनाए रखा जा सके ।
11. • वीयभ में पयाभप्त मात्रा में शुक्राणुओां का बनना जरूरी िै। अगर वीयभ में स्पमभ
काउांट कम िोता िै तो इससे महिला को गर्भधारण करने में कहठनाई आती
िै। वीयभ में स्पमभ काउांट का कम बनना पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी का कारण िै।
• स्पमभ कक्रयाशील और एक जगि से िूसरी जगि पर जाने में समर्भ िोने
चाहिए। अगर स्पमभ का कायभ या मूवमेंट असामान्य िोगी तो स्पमभ पाटभनर के
अांिे तक पिुांच पाने में असमर्भ रिते िैं। स्पमभ के अकक्रयाशील िोने के कारण
र्ी पुरुषों में बाांझपन िो सकता िै।
12. • पुरुषों में वेररकोसेल के कारण र्ी इनफहटभललटी िो सकती िै। इसमें नसों में सूजन
िोने के कारण टेश्स्टकल सूख जाते िैं। वेररकोसेल के कारण इनफहटभललटी िोने के
स्पष्ट कारण का अब तक पता निीां चल पाया िै। वेररकोसेल से स्पमभ की क्वाललटी
पर र्ी खराब असर पड़ता िै।
• कु छ इांफे क्शन स्पमभ के उत्पािन या स्पमभ की गुणविा को प्रर्ाववत करते िैं। इसकी
वजि से घाव बन सकता िै जोकक स्पमभ के रास्ते को बांि कर िेता िै। गोनोररआ,
एचआईवी या कोई यौन सांक्रलमत सांक्रमण के कारण ऐसा िो सकता िै। कु छ
सांक्रमण की वजि से तो टेश्स्टकु ली िमेशा के ललए क्षनतग्रस्त िो जाते िैं।
13. • एांटी-स्पमभ एांटी-बॉिीज़ को इम्यून लसस्टम की कोलशकाएां माना जाता िै। ये
एांटी-बॉिीज़ गलती से स्पमभ को शरीर के ललए िाननकारक समझ लेती िैं और
कफर उसे नष्ट करने का प्रयास करने लगती िैं। इस वजि से र्ी पुरुषों में
बाांझपन िो सकता िै।
• कैं सर या घातक ट्यूमर र्ी पुरुषों के प्रजनन अांगों को सीधा नुकसान पिुांचा
सकता िै। प्रजनन से सांबांथियधत िामोंस स्राववत करने वाली ग्रांथियर्यों पर ट्यूमर
या कैं सर का असर पड़ता िै श्जससे पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी पैिा िो सकती िै।
कु छ मामलों में ट्यूमर का इलाज करने के ललए की गई सजभरी, रेडिएशन या
कीमोर्ेरेपी र्ी पुरुषों की प्रजनन क्षमता को प्रर्ाववत करती िै।
14. • शरीर में कई ट्यूब्स िोती िै जो स्पमभ को एक जगि से िूसरी जगि ले जाने
का काम करती िैं। कई कारणों जैसे कक सजभरी से लगी चोट, सांक्रमण की
वजि से ये ट्यूब्स बांि िो सकती िैं श्जस वजि से टेश्स्टकल सूख जाते िैं।
• सांर्ोग के ललए इरेक्शन ना िो पाने की श्स्र्नत र्ी इनफहटभललटी का कारण
बन सकती िै। इरेक्टाइल डिस्फां क्शन, प्री-मैच्योर इजैकु लेशन, सांर्ोग के
िौरान ििभ िोने जैसी समस्याएां िो सकती िैं।
• ग्लूटन के प्रनत सांवेिनशील िोने के कारण र्ी पुरुषों की प्रजनन क्षमता कम
िो सकती िै। अपने आिार में ग्लूटन की मात्रा को कम कर इस समस्या से
बचा जा सकता िै।
15. • टेस्टोस्टेरोन ररप्लेसमेंट र्ेरेपी, लांबे समय तक एनाबोललक स्टेरॉएि का
इस्तेमाल, कैं सर की िवाएां, एांटी-फां गल िवाएां, अवसर की कु छ िवाओां के
कारण र्ी पुरुषों में फहटभललटी पॉवर घट सकती िै।
16. महिलाओां में बाांझपन के लक्षण
• महिला का गर्भधारण करने में असक्षम िोना िै।
• अगर ककसी महिला की पीररयि साइककल बिुत लम्बी यानन 35 हिन या इससे
अथियधक की िै या कफर बिुत छोटी यानन 21 हिन से पिले की िै, तो यि र्ी महिला
बााँझपन का एक लक्षण िो सकता िै।
• अननयलमत पीररयड्स या पीररयड्स का ना आना। पीररयड्स के ना आने का मतलब
िोता िै कक महिला के गर्ाभशय (uterus) में ओवुलेशन निीां िो रिा िै यानन महिला
के अांिाशय (ovary) से अांिे बिार ननकलने में असक्षम िो जाते िै।
• चेिरे पर अनचािे बालों का आना या लसर के बालों का झड़ना।
17. पुरुषों में बाांझपन के लक्षण
• पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी का प्रमुख लक्षण उनकी महिला सार्ी का लांबे समय तक गर्भधारण ना कर पाना िै।
• स्खलन िोने में हिक्कत आना या स्खलन के िौरान फ्लूइि का कम मात्रा में ननकलना, यौन इच्छा में कमी
आना या इरेक्टाइल डिस्फां क्शन की समस्या रिना पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी के लक्षण िो सकते िैं।
• टेश्स्टकल के आसपस वाले हिस्से में गाांठ, ििभ या सूजन िोना।
• बार-बार साांस से सांबांथियधत सांक्रमण िोना।
• असामान्य रूप से छाती का बढ़ना (गाइनेकोमाश्स्टया)
• चेिरे और शरीर पर बालों का कम िोना या क्रोमोसोमल या िामोनल असामान्य िोना।
• सामान्य से कम स्पमभ काउांट िोना (वीयभ के प्रनत लमलीलीटर 15 लमललयन से कम शुक्राणु या प्रनत शुक्राणु
की सांख्या 39 लमललयन से कम िोनी
18. महिलाओां में बाांझपन से बचाव
• बाांझपन की समस्या से बचाव के ललएमहिलाओां को रोज़ाना सांतुललत आिार
लेना चाहिए।
• रोज़ व्यायाम करना चाहिए। व्यायाम करने से मोटापा कम िोता िै, और
फहटभललटी र्ी अच्छी िोती िै।
• धूम्रपान, शराब, तैलीय र्ोजन और कै फीन युक्त चीज़ो का सेवन ना
करें।तनाव से िूर रिें।
• तनाव को िूर करने के ललए रोज़ योग व ध्यान कर सकते िै।
19. पुरुषों में इनफहटडसलटी से बचाव
• पुरुषों में िोने वाली कई प्रकार की इनफहटभललटी को रोका निीां जा सकता िै। िालाांकक, कफर
र्ी कु छ चीज़ों से िूर रिकर पुरुष बाांझपन की समस्या से बच सकते िैं। जैसे कक :
• धूम्रपान ना करें।
• शराब का सेवन कम या बबलकु ल बांि कर िें।
• गैरकानूनी ड्रग्स का इस्तेमाल ना करें।
• वजन सांतुललत रखें।
• नसबांिी ना करवाएां।
• टेश्स्टकवस पर लांबे समय तक िीट पैिा करने वाली चीज़ों से बचें।
• तनाव से िूर रिें।
• कीटनाशक, र्ारी धातु और अन्य ववषाक्त चीज़ों से िूर रिें।
20. महिला बाांझपन के इलाज
• महिला बााँझपन के ललए अलसस्टेि ररप्रोिश्क्टव की तकनीकें मौजूि िैं, श्जनके
प्रयोग से गर्भधारण ककया जा सकता िै।महिला बााँझपन का इलाज बााँझपन
की गांर्ीरता और समयावथियध पर ननर्भर करता िै। सबसे पिले महिला की
बााँझपन की समस्या के कारण का ननिान ककया जाता िै उसके बाि पिले
उस समस्या पर ननयांत्रण यानन ठीक करने का प्रयास ककया जाता िै जैसे
इम्यूनोलॉश्जकल समस्याएां, एांिोकक्रनोलॉश्जकल डिसऑिभर या िामोनल
असांतुलन को ननयांत्रण ककया जाता िै। श्जसके ललए िॉक्टर कु छ िवाइयों की
सलाि िे सकते िै या कफर िीटमेंट से पिले आनुवांलशक/ क्रोमोसोमल
असामान्यता को िवाइयों द्वारा ठीक ककया जाता िै और कफर आई वी एफ
की प्रकक्रया द्वारा गर्भधारण िो सकता िै।
21. • IVF - इन-वविो फहटभलाइजेशन, अलसस्टेि ररप्रोिश्क्टव टेक्नोलॉजी (ART) की
एक तकनीक िै। आई वी एफ की प्रकक्रया में महिला के अांिाशय से अांिे को
ननकालकर, उसे पुरुष के शुक्राणु के सार् लैब में फहटभलाइज़्ि ककया जाता िै।
फहटभलाइज़्ि िोने के बाि तैयार िुए भ्रूण को महिला के गर्ाभशय में िाांसफर
ककया जाता िै।
22.
23. • िोनि एग के साथ आई वी एफ - इसकी सलाि उन मामलों में िी जाती िै
जिााँ महिला के स्वस्र् अांिों की गुणविा अच्छी निीां िोती िै। इस प्रकक्रया में
एक महिला िोनर के अांिाशय (ओवरी) से अांिे प्राप्त ककए जाते िैं। अांिे प्राप्त
करने से पिले पूरी तरि से महिला िोनर की जाांच की जाती िै। और कफर
महिला के पनत के शुक्राणु के सार् अांिे को ननषेथियचत (फहटभलाइज़्ि) ककया
जाता िै, श्जसके पररणामस्वरूप भ्रूण को गर्ाभशय (यूटेरस) में िाांसफर ककया
जाता िै।
24. • IUI - अांतगभर्ाभशयी गर्ाभधान यानन इांिायूटेररन इनसेलमनेशन उपचार एक सरल
प्रकक्रया िै, श्जसमें शुक्राणु को लैब में साफ़ करने के बाि ओव्यूलेशन के
समय महिला सार्ी के गर्ाभशय में िाांसफर ककया जाता िै। श्जससे शुक्राणु के
अांिे के सार् फहटभलाइज़्ि िोने की सांर्ावना बढ़ जाती िै।
• लेप्रोस्कोपी -इस प्रकक्रया में एक लेप्रोस्कोप (सश्जभकल उपकरण) का उपयोग
ककया जाता िै, श्जसमें कै मरा और लाइट िोती िै। लैप्रोस्कोपी का उपयोग
एांिोमेहियोलसस के इलाज और गर्ाभशय में लसस्ट को िटाने के ललए ककया
जाता िै।
25. • अगर कोई महिला लांबे समय से गर्भधारण निीां कर पा रिी िै तो उसे िॉक्टर के
ननिेश पर ननम्न जाांच करवानी चाहिए:
• ओव्यूलेशन टेस्ट: इसमें ककट से घर पर िी ओव्यूलेशन परीक्षण कर सकती िैं।
• िामोनल टेस्ट: वयुटनाइललांग िामोन और प्रोजेस्टेरोन िामोन की जाांच से र्ी बाांझपन
का पता लग सकता िै। वयुटनाइश्ज़ांग िॉमोन का स्तर ओव्यूलेशन से पिले बढ़ता िै
जबकक प्रोजेस्टेरोन िामोन ओव्यूलेशन के बाि उत्पाहित िामोन िोता िै। इन िोनों
िामोंस के टेस्ट से ये पता चलता िै कक ओव्यूलेशन िो रिा िै या निीां। इसके
अलावा प्रोलैश्क्टन िामोन के स्तर की र्ी जाांच की जाती िै।
26. पुरुषों में बाांझपन का इलाज
• पुरुषों में बाांझपन को िूर करने के ललए कई इलाज पद्धनतयाां मौजूि िैं। बाांझपन के मामलों
में महिला पाटभनर की र्ी जाांच की जानी जरूरी िै। पुरुषों में इनफहटभललटी का इलाज करने
के ननम्न तरीके िैं
• :सजडिी: वेररकोसेले को सजभरी से ठीक ककया जा सकता िै। स्खलन में शुक्राणु मौजूि ना िोने
पर स्पमभ ररिीवल तकनीकों के ज़ररए टेश्स्टकवस या एवपडििाइलमस के ज़ररए सीधे शुक्राणु
िाले जाते िैं।
• सांक्रमण का इलाज: एांटी-बायोहटक इलाज से प्रजनन प्रणाली में िुए सांक्रमण को ठीक ककया
जा सकत िै लेककन ये िर मामले में फहटभललटी पॉवर को िोबारा ला पाने में असमर्भ िै।
• सांभोग समस्याओां का इलाज: िवाओां और काउांसललांग से फहटभललटी से सांबांथियधत बीमाररयाां जैसे
कक इरेक्टाइल डिस्फां क्शन या प्रीमैच्योर इजैकु लेशन को ठीक ककया जा सकता िै।
27. • सांभोग समस्याओां का इलाज: िवाओां और काउांसललांग से फहटभललटी से सांबांथियधत
बीमाररयाां जैसे कक इरेक्टाइल डिस्फां क्शन या प्रीमैच्योर इजैकु लेशन को ठीक ककया
जा सकता िै।
• िामोन िीटमेंट औि दवाएां: शरीर में ककसी िामोन के कम या ज्यािा या उसके कायभ
करने के तरीके में समस्या िोने पर िॉक्टर आपको िामोन ररप्लेसमेंट या िवाएां लेने
की सलाि िे सकते िैं।
• सिायक प्रजनन तकनीक: इसे एआरटी र्ी किा जाता िै। इसमें सामान्य
वीयभस्खलन, सश्जभकल ननष्कषभण या िोनर से शुक्राणु प्राप्त ककए जाते िैं। इसके बाि
स्पमभ को महिला यौन मागभ में िाल हिया जाता िै।
28. बाांझपन (प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी) की जाांच
• हिस्टेरोसल वपांगोग्राफी: ये एक एक्स-रे परीक्षण िै। इससे गर्ाभशय, फै लोवपयन ट्यूब
और उनके आस-पास का हिस्सा िेखा जा सकता िै। एक्स-रे ररपोटभ में गर्ाभशय या
फै लोवपयन ट्यूब को लगी कोई चोट या असामान्यता को िेखा जा सकता िै। इसमें
अांिे की फै लोवपयन ट्यूब से गर्ाभशय तक जाने की रूकावट र्ी िेख सकते िैं।
• ओवेररयन ररज़वभ टेस्ट: ओव्यूलेशन के ललए उपलब्ध अांिे की गुणविा और मात्रा को
जाांचने में मिि करता िै। श्जन महिलाओां में अांिे कम िोने का जोणखम िोता िै,
जैसे कक 35 वषभ से अथियधक उम्र की महिलाएां, उनके ललए रक्त और इमेश्जांग टेस्ट
का इस्तेमाल ककया जा सकता िै।
29. • र्ायरॉयि और वपट्यूटरी िामोन की जाांच: इसके अलावा प्रजनन प्रकक्रयाओां
को ननयांबत्रत करने वाले ओव्यूलेटरी िॉमोन के स्तर के सार्-सार् र्ायरॉयि
और वपट्यूटरी िामोन की जाांच र्ी की जाती िै।
• इमेश्जांग टेस्ट: इसमें पेश्ववक अविासाउांि िोता िै जोकक गर्ाभशय या
फै लोवपयन ट्यूब में िुए ककसी रोग की जाांच करने के ललए ककया जा सकता
िै।
30. पुरुषों में बाांझपन की जाांच
• पुरुषों में बाांझपन की जाांचइनफहटभललटी से ग्रस्त पुरुषों में इसके एक से ज्यािा
कारण िो सकते िैं इसललए महिला और पुरुष िोनों को िी फहटभललटी जाांच करवानी
चाहिए। बाांझपन का पता लगाने के ललए कई टेस्ट िोते िैं श्जनमें ननम्न टेस्ट
शालमल िैं :
• सामान्य शािीरिक पिीक्षण या कोई पुिानी बीमारी: इस टेस्ट के अांतगभत िॉक्टर
आपके जननाांगों की जाांच करते िैं और प्रजनन क्षमता को प्रर्ाववत करने वाले
कारक जैसे कक ककसी अनुवाांलशक श्स्र्नत, पुराने रोग, बीमाररयों, चोट या सजभरी के
बारे में पूछते िैं। िॉक्टर आपसे प्यूबटी उम्र के िौरान आपकी यौन आितों और यौन
ववकास के बारे में र्ी पूछ सकतें िैं।
31. • वीयड की जाांच: पुरुषों के वीयभ का सैंपल ललया जाता िै। पुरुष िस्तमैर्ुन या िॉक्टर
के क्लीननक में एक कां टेनर में इजैकु लेशन द्वारा वीयभ का सैंपल िे सकते िैं।
धालमभक और साांस्कृ नतक मान्यता की वजि से कु छ पुरुष सीमन कलेक्शन के अन्य
तरीके को अिलमयत िेते िैं। कु छ मामलों में सांर्ोग के िौरान ववशेष प्रकार के
कां िोम द्वारा वीयभ का सैंपल ललया जाता िै। इसके बाि शुक्राणुओां की सांख्या की
जाांच करने के ललए वीयभ को लैब र्ेजा जाता िै और उसके आकर और मूवमेंट की
असामान्यता का पता लगाया जाता िै। इसके अलावा वीयभ में सांक्रमण आहि की र्ी
जाांच की जाती िै। अगर पुरुषों का वीयभ का स्तर सामान्य आता िै तो ककसी और
टेस्ट से पिले िॉक्टर उनकी महिला पाटभनर का फहटभललटी टेस्ट करवाने की सलाि
िेते िैं
32. • इसके अलावा इनफहटभललटी का पता लगाने के ललए िॉक्टर आपको कई और
टेस्ट करवाने की सलाि िे सकते िैं श्जनमें ननम्न जाांच शालमल िैं
• स्क्रोटल अल्टिासाउांि: इस जाांच से िॉक्टर को अांिकोष और सिायक सांरचनाओां
में अवरोधों या अन्य समस्याओां के बारे में पता चलता िै। इससे टेश्स्टकवस
के अांिर या सिायक सांरचना में ककसी हिक्कत का पता चल पाता िै।
33. • िामोंस की जाांच: वपट्यूिी ग्लैंि, िाइपो-र्ैलेमस द्वारा िामोंस का उत्पािइन
ककया जाता िै और यौन ववकास और शुक्राणुओां के उत्पािन में टेश्स्टकवस
अिम र्ूलमका ननर्ाते िैं। अन्य िामोनल या अांग की कायभप्रणाली में
असामान्यता िोने पर र्ी इनफहटभललटी िो सकती िै। टेस्टेस्टेरोन और अन्य
िामोंस के स्तर को मापने के ललए ब्लि टेस्ट करवाया जाता िै।
• पोस्ट ईजैक्यूलैशन यूिीनासलससस: मूत्र में उपश्स्र्त शुक्राणुओां से ये पता
लगाया जा सकता िै कक शुक्राणु इजैकु लेशन के िौरान ललांग से बािर ननकलने
की बजाय मूत्राशय में वावपस जा रिे िैं।
34. • पोस्ट ईजैक्यूलैशन यूिीनासलससस: मूत्र में उपश्स्र्त शुक्राणुओां से ये पता
लगाया जा सकता िै कक शुक्राणु इजैकु लेशन के िौरान ललांग से बािर ननकलने
की बजाय मूत्राशय में वावपस जा रिे िैं।
• आनुवांसशक टेस्ट: ककसी अनुवाांलशक कारण की वजि से र्ी स्पमभ की सांख्या
कम िो सकती िै। ब्लि टेस्ट द्वारा पता लगाया जा सकता िै कक ककस
आनुवाांलशक कारण की वजि से पुरुष में इनफहटभललटी िो रिी िै। कई
जन्मजात या आनुवाांलशक लसांड्रोम का पता लगाने के ललए जेनेहटक टेस्ट
करवाया जाता िै।
35. • टेस्स्टकु लि बायोप्सी: इस जाांच में सुईं की मिि से टेश्स्टकल से सैंपल ललए
जाते िैं। अगर टेश्स्टकु लर बायोप्सी में स्पमभ का उत्पािन सामान्य रिा तो
इसका मतलब िै कक पुरुष में इनफहटभललटी कारण ब्लॉके ज या स्पमभ के
स्र्ानाांतरण से सांबांथियधत कोई अन्य समस्या िै।
36. पिामशड
• -ननयलमत रूप से बबना ककसी गर्भधारक िवाइयों के उपयोग के बाि र्ी यहि एक वषभ में
गर्भधारण निीां िो पता िै तो थियचककत्सक के मागभिशभन की आवकयकता िोती िै !
• जैसे--स्खलन िोता िो
• -बिुत कम सेक्स इच्छा िोना-यौन कक्रया के िौरान समस्याएां-
• अांिकोष क्षेत्र में सूजन-
• टेस्टीक्यूलर [वृषण क्षेत्र] में ििभ या असुववधा-
• प्रोस्टेट सांबांधी समस्या-
• बड़ी सजभरी िोना
-ललांग, वृषण या अांिकोष की सजभरी
