Infancy Stage
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For B.Ed. 1st yr Paper Childhood and Growing up of MDU,ROHTAK. IT HIGHLIGHTS THE INFANCY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
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1) Physical development in early childhood involves growth in body size, brain development, and motor skills. Children typically grow 2-3 inches and gain 5 pounds per year.
2) Brain development is rapid in early childhood, with peaks in synaptic growth and pruning between ages 3-6. Different areas of the brain develop at different rates.
3) Motor development progresses from improving balance and walking to skills like running, jumping, throwing, and catching balls. Fine motor skills also grow, starting from scribbling and progressing to drawing pictures.
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“The moment you doubt whether you can fly,
you cease for ever to be able to do it.”
Peter Pan (J. M. Barrie, 1904)
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you will be able to:
ሁ Summarize cognitive milestones of children ages 4 and 5 years.
ሁ Describe how to communicate appropriately with children ages 4 and 5 years.
ሁ Describe appropriate techniques for working with children ages 4 and 5 years.
ሁ Describe how to assist 4 and 5 year olds in positive social interactions.
ሁ Identify and encourage healthy eating habits in children.
ሁ Describe and recognize typical developmental red flags for children ages 4 and 5 years.
gro81431_07_c07_147-166.indd 147 4/24/14 12:53 PM
Chapter Overview
Chapter Outline
Chapter Overview
7.1 Physical Growth and Motor Development in 4 and 5 Year Olds
7.2 Brain Growth and Cognitive Development in 4 and 5 Year Olds
7.3 Language Development in 4 and 5 Year Olds
7.4 Social-Emotional Development in 4 and 5 Year Olds
7.5 Self-Help Development in 4 and 5 Year Olds
7.6 Developmental Red Flags and Where to Get Help
Summary and Resources
Chapter Overview
Although some researchers refer to ages 3–8 as early childhood, there is no debating that a
3 year old is very different from an 8 year old. For this reason, it is important to recognize the
significant stages within early childhood and the reason for the division of ages in Chapters
6, 7, and 8. Whereas Chapter 6 discussed the egocentric toddler (ages 1–3 years) learning
to gain motor control and speech, this chapter discusses the more coordinated, complex-
thinking 4 and 5 year olds. Important changes take place from the time a child just turns
3 years old until he or she reaches 5 years old, and these changes affect all developmental
domains. Children who are 4 or 5 years old are interested in the world around them, open to
and wanting experiences and interactions outside of the family unit. This stage of early child-
hood is truly a time for more active exploration, and this exploration is driven by a curiosity
that seems to dominate all aspects of daily activities.
Just as the toddlers discussed in Chapter 6 are developmentally different from the 4 and
5 year olds discussed in this chapter, the older 6–8 year olds discussed in Chapter 8 are sig-
nificantly more advanced than 4 and 5 year olds. Children ages 6–8 are developing individual
identities, creating complex relationships with peers, and forming their own unique opinions.
Compared to toddlers or 4 and 5 year olds, these children are advanced!
In Oh, the Places You’ll Go! (1990), Dr. Seuss writes “So be sure when you step. Step with care
and great tact and remember that Life’s a Great Balancing Act. . . . And will you succeed?
Yes! You will, indeed! (98 and 3/4 percent guaranteed.) KID, YOU’LL MOVE MOUNTAINS!”
This quote talks about stepping “with care and great tact” and compares life to “ ...
Growth and development in children
This document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in physical size while development refers to qualitative improvements in skills and abilities. The document outlines the major stages of growth from infancy to adolescence and lists factors that can influence development such as genetics, prenatal environment, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. It also provides examples of developmental milestones in areas like gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social skills that children typically reach at certain ages from birth to 2 years old.
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Infancy Stage
- 2. INFANCY STAGE(0 TO 5 YEARS) ● Age of infancy is marked by an increase of independence on the part of the baby as he is able to sit , stand and walk at his own will. ● The basic foundation of physical , mental and personality development are laid in this stage.
- 3. ● According to ADLER infancy prepares the style of life. It lays down the entire program for the future life of the Child. ● FREUD is also of the opinion that within 4 or 5 years the child becomes what he has to grow in the coming life. ● HURLOCK calls it a “dangerous age” referring to a large number of deaths of children in this period. She labels this age as an ‘appealing age’ since the helplessness of the child appeals and pleases many adults particularly the poets and the artists.
- 4. IMPORTANT CHARACTERSTICS OF INFANCY STAGE ⚫ PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 1. Size and Weight 2.Changes in proportion 3. Bones and muscles 4.Teeth 5. Nervous system 6. Digestive system
- 5. ⚫INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT 1.Development of language 2.Interests 3.Curious questions 4.Fertile imagination 5.Sensory development 6.Concepts,percepts and thoughts
- 6. ⚫EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1.Not specific 2.Anger 3.Emotion of joy 4.Emotion of affection 5.Identification 6.Highly Emotional 7. Spontaneity
- 7. ⚫SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1.Not social 2.Dependance and solitary play 3.Social play 4. Fighting 5.Friendship
- 8. FORMS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 1.Negativism 2.Aggression 3.Quarrels,teasing and bullying 4.Rivalry 5.Competition 6.Selfishness 7.Freindship and co-operation 8.Social approval
- 9. EDUCATIONAL IMPILICATIONS OR SIGNIFICANCE 1.Special attention 2.Physical education 3.Mother-tongue 4.Social qualities 5.Peaceful environment 6.Music 7.Play-way method
- 10. CONCLUSION The development of child during infancy takes place at a very rapid speed . Hence the environment of the child should be healthy and good for the development of the child and should help him to receive education . It is the duty of the teachers, the parents , the guardians, the social reformers , the government , the guidance workers and the psychologists to pay proper attention to the education of infants.