The document discusses the economic and cultural transformations that occurred during the Industrial Revolution. It began in the late 18th century in Britain and led to changes in how people lived and worked. Factories replaced manual labor and agriculture. This industrialization marked a major shift that influenced all aspects of daily life and led to unprecedented growth in population and average incomes over the next two centuries. Cultural values and ways of life also changed as societies modernized and new technologies influenced social and economic systems globally.