2. Direct speech
• Kõneleja jutt on edasi antud tsitaadina.
• Kasutatakse jutumärke
• Lause jaguneb saatelauseks (koos
saateverbiga) ja otsekõneks
Kate says, “I play piano.”
Kate ütleb: “Ma mängin klaverit.”
reporting verb otsekõne
(saateverb)
3. Indirect speech
kaudne kõne
• Kõneleja jutt on edasi antud kaudselt.
• Muutuda võiva asesõnad ja tegusõna
pöördevormid
• Muuta võib ka saateverbi, seda juhul kui
saatelauses pöördutakse kellegi poole (Kate says
to mum, “I play piano.” )
Kate says, “I play piano.”
Kate says (to mum that) she plays the piano.
Kate tells mum that she plays piano
4. Reported statements
(kaudsed jutustavad laused)
• Kui saateverb on olevikus, siis kaudses lauses
ajavormid ei muutu.
Jack says, “ My English has improved a lot.”
Jack says (that) his English has improved a lot.
5. Muutused kaudses kõnes
• Inglise keeles pole peale saateverbi koma
Steve says he loves his work.
• Asesõnad muutuvad:
I-he/she; my-his/her; me-him/her
we-they; our- their; us-them
• Lihtoleviku ainsuse kolmandale pöördele
lisandub –s (run-runs)
6. Indirect requests and orders
(soovid ja käsud kaudses kõnes)
• Earl says, “Pour me some tea, please, Paul.”
Earl asks Paul to pour him some tea.
Sarah says, “Help yourself.”
Sarah tells Jill to help herself.
Eitav lause
Jill says, “Don’t take any notice.”
Jill asks Sarah not to take any notice.
7. • Kaudse kõne käsu (order) puhul kasuta pigem
verbi tell
• Kaudse kõne soovi (request) puhul kasuta
pigem verbi ask
8. • Kui saateverb on minevikus, siis muutub ka
kaudse kõne ajavorm.
Jack said, “ My English has improved a lot.”
Jack said (that) his English had improved a lot.
9. Changes
• Present simple→past simple (go- went)
• Present progressive →past progressive (she is
going -she was going)
• Past simple → past simple or past perfect
(went- went-had gone)
• Present perfect →past perfect (have gone-
had gone)
• Future simple →would (will-would)
• can →could
10. Other changes
Direct speech Indirect speech
now then
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day/the following day
yesterday the day before
next Monday the following Monday
Last Sunday the previous Sunday
this that
these those
here there
11. That
• Kui saateverb on said või told, siis that-i nende
ees tavaliselt ei kasutata.
• Kui saateverbiks on added, explained või
midagi muud, siis kasutatakse that- i kaudse
lause ees.
12. • Mrs Lyndon says, “It’s nice that the children
are at home again.”
• Mrs Lyndon says it’s nice that the children are
at home again.
• Diana said, “I love the spring holidays because
there are daffodils and primroses now.”
• Diana said she loved the spring holidays
because there were daffodils and primroses
everywhere then.
