This document discusses Bird's triangle, which shows the relationship between minor incidents and more serious outcomes. It argues that organizations should focus on investigating minor incidents to uncover contributing factors and develop controls, rather than just reacting after serious incidents. The triangle can be used proactively by defining exposure units, reporting fields, leading indicators, and continuously improving controls for contributing factors identified. This will help reduce inherent risks and prevent potential for more serious incidents.
Research has shown that some physical and mental changes do occur as people age. How do these changes affect people and the jobs they do?
This slide deck is from a free webinar in which Emma Ashurst from CCOHS discusses what has been learned from research studies and demonstrates how specific solutions and practices can prevent these changes from becoming hindrances in the workplace.
This webinar reviews aging from an occupational health and safety perspective and examine different work situations (carrying heavy loads, computer work, visual environment, chemical exposures, etc), explore the possible impact on older workers and discuss solutions on how to keep everyone safe and free of injury.
To watch the recorded webinar go to: http://www.ccohs.ca/products/webinars/aging/
Human Factors (HF) covers a variety of issues that relate primarily to the individual and workforce, their behavior and attributes. Human error is still poorly understood by many stakeholders and so the risk assessments of operations or process often fall short in their capture of potential failures. There is little consideration of human factors in the engineering design of equipment, operating systems and the overall process, procedures and specific work tasks. Operational human factor issues are often treated on an ad-hoc basis in response to individual situations rather than as part of an overarching and comprehensive safety management strategy. The role that human factors play in the rate of incidents, equipment failure and hydrocarbon releases is poorly understood and underdeveloped.
PREVENT WORK-RELATED INJURIES
Behavior-based safety is based on the theory that most accidents at workplaces can be prevented with the right behavioral analysis and training. Minor errors and oversights are often left unreported and thus can lead to major accidents if the causes for the incidents are not addressed.
Improve employee safety with our presentation on Behavior-Based Safety:
http://www.presentationload.com/behavior-based-safety-powerpoint-template.html
The BBS approach examines which behaviors and organizational circumstances led to accidents. By knowing this, you can inform employees about safe behavior at the workplace and implement Behavior-Based Safety in your company.
This template not only contains images with background information on occupational safety, but also a series of graphs with statistics and figures on the subject as well as a useful icons toolbox.
Risk management is the process of identifying, quantifying and ranking risks and their associated losses, and developing cost effective management strategies to eliminate or control the risks.
This presentation is intended to assist organizations to ensure everyone understands the definition of safety. And sees it as an equal partner to corporate expectations for efficiency, quality, security and operational finances.
An Incident is the final event in an unplanned process that results in near-miss, injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage. It is the final result or effect of a number of surface and root causes.
Events which massively impact your reputation need to be managed upfront. But which events can can harm you so much? is it the small events that get out of control or the large rare events that you have missed? I am proposing a method which can help you understand where you have weaknesses and help focus your efforts.
Improving Patient Safety: Lessons from a Military Operations FrameworkHealth Catalyst
The operational military concept known as “left of bang” endorses continuous situational awareness to avoid harm proactively—before it occurs. Healthcare, however, operates reactively in response to patient harm, often intervening once a patient safety event has occurred, versus using practices and tools to recognize and respond to threats.
Applied to patient safety, a left-of-bang approach teaches frontline clinicians to increase sensitivity to and stay in constant vigilance for threats before they happen, moving down a scale of situational awareness levels:
White: Tending to the tasks at hand but largely unprepared for disruption and unaware of the conditions around them.
Yellow: Constantly understanding the safety vulnerabilities of day-to-day healthcare.
Orange: Ready to use the needed skills and tools to react to an event.
Red: Taking action and laser focused on the issue at hand.
Research has shown that some physical and mental changes do occur as people age. How do these changes affect people and the jobs they do?
This slide deck is from a free webinar in which Emma Ashurst from CCOHS discusses what has been learned from research studies and demonstrates how specific solutions and practices can prevent these changes from becoming hindrances in the workplace.
This webinar reviews aging from an occupational health and safety perspective and examine different work situations (carrying heavy loads, computer work, visual environment, chemical exposures, etc), explore the possible impact on older workers and discuss solutions on how to keep everyone safe and free of injury.
To watch the recorded webinar go to: http://www.ccohs.ca/products/webinars/aging/
Human Factors (HF) covers a variety of issues that relate primarily to the individual and workforce, their behavior and attributes. Human error is still poorly understood by many stakeholders and so the risk assessments of operations or process often fall short in their capture of potential failures. There is little consideration of human factors in the engineering design of equipment, operating systems and the overall process, procedures and specific work tasks. Operational human factor issues are often treated on an ad-hoc basis in response to individual situations rather than as part of an overarching and comprehensive safety management strategy. The role that human factors play in the rate of incidents, equipment failure and hydrocarbon releases is poorly understood and underdeveloped.
PREVENT WORK-RELATED INJURIES
Behavior-based safety is based on the theory that most accidents at workplaces can be prevented with the right behavioral analysis and training. Minor errors and oversights are often left unreported and thus can lead to major accidents if the causes for the incidents are not addressed.
Improve employee safety with our presentation on Behavior-Based Safety:
http://www.presentationload.com/behavior-based-safety-powerpoint-template.html
The BBS approach examines which behaviors and organizational circumstances led to accidents. By knowing this, you can inform employees about safe behavior at the workplace and implement Behavior-Based Safety in your company.
This template not only contains images with background information on occupational safety, but also a series of graphs with statistics and figures on the subject as well as a useful icons toolbox.
Risk management is the process of identifying, quantifying and ranking risks and their associated losses, and developing cost effective management strategies to eliminate or control the risks.
This presentation is intended to assist organizations to ensure everyone understands the definition of safety. And sees it as an equal partner to corporate expectations for efficiency, quality, security and operational finances.
An Incident is the final event in an unplanned process that results in near-miss, injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage. It is the final result or effect of a number of surface and root causes.
Events which massively impact your reputation need to be managed upfront. But which events can can harm you so much? is it the small events that get out of control or the large rare events that you have missed? I am proposing a method which can help you understand where you have weaknesses and help focus your efforts.
Improving Patient Safety: Lessons from a Military Operations FrameworkHealth Catalyst
The operational military concept known as “left of bang” endorses continuous situational awareness to avoid harm proactively—before it occurs. Healthcare, however, operates reactively in response to patient harm, often intervening once a patient safety event has occurred, versus using practices and tools to recognize and respond to threats.
Applied to patient safety, a left-of-bang approach teaches frontline clinicians to increase sensitivity to and stay in constant vigilance for threats before they happen, moving down a scale of situational awareness levels:
White: Tending to the tasks at hand but largely unprepared for disruption and unaware of the conditions around them.
Yellow: Constantly understanding the safety vulnerabilities of day-to-day healthcare.
Orange: Ready to use the needed skills and tools to react to an event.
Red: Taking action and laser focused on the issue at hand.
Risk management is a strategic security activity and is a cornerstone of security governance. The management of risk not only requires that we effectively measure it but also understand what effect vulnerability has on the level of risk. Both risk and vulnerability constantly change and not only in response to threats but also business initiatives. Does your organization have a mature risk and vulnerability identification, measurement and management process? The discussion will identify how risk responds to changes in vulnerability and how we might maximize our risk management activities to enhance the resilience of the organization and its assets.
Presentation by: Philip Banks, P. Eng., CPP, Director, The Banks Group
A presentation given by international keynote speaker Dr. Stephen Muething from Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA at the CHA conference The Journey, in October 2012.
This model was developped by me in the same period of, a ndindependant from, Reason's Swiss Cheese Model Although it isa far more dynamic model, closer to reality it had never the success the SCM had. I am no professor and simply a SIBEENG (SIlly BElgian ENGineer).
In 2019, Sean Brady was commissioned by the Queensland Government Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy to carry out a review into all fatal accidents in Queensland mines and quarries from 2000 to 2019.
The review delivered eleven recommendations for the regulator and industry, and was tabled in Queensland Parliament on 6 February 2020.
Read the full paper and recommendations here:
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Managemen.docxarnit1
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Examine management tools necessary to implement effective safety management systems.
7.1 Discuss the need for a safety management system to focus on serious injuries and fatalities.
7.2 Explain how human behavior and workplace processes combine to create the potential for
serious injuries.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3:
Innovations in Serious Injury and Fatality Prevention
Chapter 4:
Human Error Avoidance and Reduction
Chapter 5:
Macro Thinking: The Socio-Technical Model
Unit Lesson
Serious injuries and human error play pivotal roles in the success of any accident prevention effort. The costs
and other consequences created by accidents dictate the need for changes that will ensure a reduction in
their occurrence. Discussing serious injuries and human error in this unit will better prepare us to tackle the
details of safety management systems and ANSI/AIHA Z10 in subsequent units.
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Serious Injury Prevention
and Human Error Reduction
Safety pyramid based on H. W. Heinrich’s study of industrial accidents. “Heinrich’s Law”
proposed that for every major injury 29 minor injuries and 300 noninjury incidents occur
(Heinrich, 1931).
BOS 3651, Total Environmental Health and Safety Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In the course textbook, Manuele (2014) challenges the notion that if we eliminate all the minor injuries, the
severe injuries will be taken care of as well. The accident pyramid concept first proposed by H.W. Heinrich in
the 1930s has been embraced by safety professionals for decades.
Manuele (2014) presents some compelling evidence that perhaps we need to focus on the top of the pyramid
rather than the bottom. His research has demonstrated that incident frequency may have been reduced over
the past several decades, but severity has not decreased proportionately. He also shows that serious injuries
most often occur in nonroutine and nonproduction activities.
On what do safety professionals focus most of their prevention efforts? Routine and production activities! Of
course, increased exposure increases the risk, but if we are not experiencing serious injuries in these routine
operations, maybe we have them under control and should focus more of our efforts on the nonroutine. Keep
in mind that one fatal injury can quickly undo years of safety program building.
Trying to identify the nonroutine operations is reminiscent of former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s
“known knowns and unknown knowns” comments from a few years ago. Or was it “known unknowns”?
Whatever—the point is that we need to examine our safety culture to see if it supports identification of the
unknowns. Is incident reporting supported by policies that do not place blame? Does the incident investigation
...
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Incident Severity Ratios Inevitability Or Opportunity
1. Inga Health and Safety Consultants
INCIDENT SEVERITY RATIOS
INEVITABILITY OR OPPORTUNITY?
BIRDS TRIANGLE STATING THE INEVITABLE
As can be seen in the pyramid ratio below, published by Frank Bird in 1969 there is
a clear correlation between minor non-consequential incidents and the ensuing
serious high level impact outcomes. Although this ratio has been debated for years
the reality is that a correlation exists, even if not at the exact ratio published. The
big question is how are we using and interpreting this information?
· Do we use it as a timeline to our next major incident – trying to prevent the
fatality or serious injury just before it happens or trying to prevent it from
happening again?
· Or do we use it as a leading indicator, measuring the ongoing development and
continuous improvement of our health and safety systems? (The reality is that
incidents will always be a part of our lives, but we can reduce the impact and
extent of the outcome by ensuring a solid foundation)
1
Serious Injury/LTI
Focus on Failure
Management of
Medical Treatment 10 certainty
Minor Injuries
Minor Property 30 Below the radar
Damages
and buried
opportunities
Near Miss Incidents 600
No Injury or Damage
BIRDS TRIANGLE
How often have I not sat in meetings where concern has been raised that the
number of minor injuries is indicative that something serious is about to happen,
when the question should be what are we doing with the information being
generated by these minor injuries. Are we investigating them vigorously, linking
them to possible outcomes higher up the pyramid and developing controls to
manage the possible outcomes?
For all your Health and Safety requirements visit: www.ingaconsultants
2. Inga Health and Safety Consultants
The reality is that organizations still have incident investigation matrixes that only
allocate resources to the investigation of serious incidents, whereas minor
incidents receive very little if any investigation effort. The truth is that these
minor incidents are not perceived to have any real impact on the organization;
consequently tedious investigations are not seen profitable.
The correlation is not applied to individual occurrences or performance units and
consequently they merge into that broad band of mismanaged information.
This triangle will remain relevant until we move our focus and adapt our systems
to address those environmental and personal factors that give rise to the minor
seemingly non-consequential incidents. Leading indicators should be developed to
address those issues listed in the ground zero contributing factors below.
My question is: Why do we continue to expend so much time and energy on
recovering from the serious incidents, when this could be used to fast track our
journey to maturity by uncovering the causes of our non-consequential incidents?
The answer: It has become a safety norm to measure our success by means of a
failure ratio. Governing bodies don’t focus beyond the serious incident and what
has been done in an attempt to prevent that one incident from happening again.
We pat ourselves on the back for identifying the cause and then wait for the next
serious incident.
Are our systems not based on sound risk identification principles and should this
not include those associated with every exposure we have? If we fail to build a
stronger foundation then we should not expect the correlation of this triangle to
change.
History has always focused on the worst outcome and we have been pretty good at
identifying our failures after the fact, sometimes even succeeding in ensuring that
those outcomes are not repeated.
Let’s take a look at some of the worst disasters, 911, Bhopal, Chernobyl. All could
have been prevented if more attention and focus had been given to the ground
zero contributing factors. Although acts of God do occur, let’s be honest, they are
few and far between. Our disasters are mostly directly related to our lack of focus,
analysis and interpretation of information available to us.
Hazard analysis is actually simple: What if?
· What will happen if I do this?
· What will happen if this happens?
Let’s track the first what if until we identify the hidden disaster, rather than tracing the
disaster back to the first what if.
For all your Health and Safety requirements visit: www.ingaconsultants
3. Inga Health and Safety Consultants
BIRDS TRIANGLE INVERTED
If we invert the triangle we immediately move our focus to that part of the ratio that
provides the bulk of information and opportunity. Using this information we can adapt,
review and manage our system with a view to continuously fine tuning and improving our
risk reduction endeavours.
Start using total incident ratios as your performance indicator instead of the traditional
lost time indicators. This will allow you to focus on prevention rather than cure.
Identify your unique exposures and develop leading indicators which will allow you to
monitor real trends, which may give rise to near misses.
BIRDS TRIANGLE INVERTED
Near Miss Incidents
600 Continuous Growth
No Injury or Damage
Focus on information and
system management
Minor Property
All incidents are preventable
30
Damages
Medical Treatment 10
System Failure
Minor Injuries
Management
review required
1
Serious Injury/LTI
· What if we took the time to identify all our exposures?
· What if we encouraged everyone to report these exposures?
· What if we took the time to analyze these exposures?
· What if we acted on this information and continuously improved our
management approach to health and safety?
· What if we communicated this to our employees and trained them to make
safe decisions?
· What if we developed leading indicators to assist us in monitoring our
performance?
The answer is simple – we would reduce our inherent exposure, thereby eliminating
the opportunity for system failure or at worst reducing the anticipated serious incident
to a one with minor consequence.
For all your Health and Safety requirements visit: www.ingaconsultants
4. Inga Health and Safety Consultants
MAKING THE TRIANGLE WORK FOR YOU
Use the triangle as a basis for measuring your safety program. The correlation depicted by
the triangle although proven is only effective if the distinctive layers are clearly defined
and how successful the near miss reporting structure is.
How you use the triangle is up to you. It can hang around your neck as the master of gloom
or it can be managed as the health and safety tool it really is.
If you control the detail that is required to address the contributing factors you will
succeed in reducing a large number of your minor incidents and by virtue of that the issues
involved in the more serious incidents will be controlled by default.
Always remember that although the correlation is widely accepted we have no way of
knowing the likelihood of an outcome. (In other words which of the 600 near misses will
result in the 1 undesired outcome – this is in most instances a question of luck unless we
have a sound system which dynamically addresses the contributing factors listed)
The following in my opinion should be addressed in order to add value to your system:
· Identify exposure units and apply the triangle per unit.
· Clearly define the fields of the triangle.
· Continuously campaign to increase reporting against these fields.
· Define leading indicators to assist with the development and continuous
advancement of controls around all contributing factors. (Training;
maintenance schedules; audits; risk assessments)
· Publish trends and target specific areas of exposure identified by your leading
indicators.
Investigating and Uncovering
The road to Recovery
The road to Health & Safety Maturity
1
Serious Injury/LTI
Activating leading indicators
Medical Treatment 10
Minor Injuries
Minor Property 30
Damages
Near Miss Incidents 600
No Injury or Damage
GROUND ZERO - CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Risk Social
Management
Human Equipment
Management Psychological
Commitment
Error Failure
Tactics Factors
THE ACTIVATED MODEL
For all your Health and Safety requirements visit: www.ingaconsultants