In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so it is not unusual for a single program to use all of the IPC methods.
In Unix libraries executable code is there where as using Os level IPC different operating system
we will execute the program.
In Unix same opereting system program will executed and as comparing with other this is easy
that why using Unix libraries.
X.Org Implementation on X window system is not posssible.
X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on an integral or
attached display device.
X features network transparency, which means an X program running on a computer somewhere
on a network (such as the Internet) can display its user interface on an X server running on some
other computer on the network.
Solution
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so .
This is the detailed outline and outcomes of our driver programming project. Presentation at : http://www.slideshare.net/shivekkhurana/driver-programming-the-linux-way
This is the detailed outline and outcomes of our driver programming project. Presentation at : http://www.slideshare.net/shivekkhurana/driver-programming-the-linux-way
System Programming
Operating System
Shell Programming
File Management
Process Management
Signals
Thread Management
Interprocess Communication
Network Interprocess Communication
Linux has become integral part of Embedded systems. This presentation gives deeper perspective of Linux from system programming perspective. Stating with basics of Linux it goes on till advanced aspects like system calls, process subsystem, inter process communication mechanisms, thread and various synchronization mechanisms like mutex and semaphores. Understanding these services provided by Linux are essential for embedded systems engineer. These constructs helps users to write efficient programs in Linux environment
What is C# used for? Like other general-purpose programming languages, C# can be used to create a number of different programs and applications: mobile apps, desktop apps, cloud-based services, websites, enterprise software and games. Lots and lots of games.
C# (pronounced see sharp)[b] is a general-purpose, high-level multi-paradigm programming language. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[16]
The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
Computer and multimedia Week 1 Windows Architecture.pptxfatahozil
The kernel is the most trusted part of the operating system. Multiple rings of protection were among the most revolutionary concepts introduced by the Multics operating system, most general-purpose systems use only two rings, even if the hardware they run on provides more CPU modes than that. For example, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 (and their predecessors) use only two rings, with ring 0 corresponding to kernel mode and ring 3 to user mode, because earlier versions of Windows ran on processors that supported only two protection levels.
Many modern CPU architectures (including the popular Intel x86 architecture) include some form of ring protection, although the Windows NT operating system, like Unix, does not fully utilize this feature. Under DOS, the kernel, drivers and applications typically run on ring 3 (however, this is exclusive to the case where protected-mode drivers and/or DOS extenders are used; as a real-mode OS, the system runs with effectively no protection), whereas 386 memory managers such as EMM386 run at ring 0.
Windows Memory
Each process started on x86 version of Windows uses a flat memory model that ranges from 0x00000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF. The lower half of the memory, 0x00000000 – 0x7FFFFFFF, is reserved for user space code. While the upper half of the memory, 0x80000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF, is reserved for the kernel code. The Windows operating system also doesn’t use the segmentation (well actually it does, because it has to), but the segment table contains segment descriptors that use the entire linear address space. There are four segments, two for user and two for kernel mode, which describe the data and code for each of the modes. But all of the descriptors actually contain the same linear address space. This means they all point to the same segment in memory that is 0xFFFFFFFF bits long, proving that there is no segmentation on Windows systems.
The segmentation is actually not used by the Windows system. Therefore we can use the terms “virtual address space” and “linear address space” interchangeably, because they are the same in this particular case. Because of this, when talking about user space code being loaded in the virtual address space from 0x00000000 to 0x7FFFFFFF, we’re actually talking about linear addresses. Those addresses are then sent into the paging unit to be translated into physical addresses. We’ve just determined that even though each process uses a flat memory model that spans the entire 4GB linear address space, it can only use half of it. This is because the other half is reserved for kernel code: the program can thus use, at most, 2GB of memory.
Every process has its own unique value in the CR3 register that points to the process’ page directory table. Because each process has its own page directory table that is used to translate the linear address to physical address, two processes can use the same linear address, while their physical address is different. Okay, so each program has its own ad
System Programming
Operating System
Shell Programming
File Management
Process Management
Signals
Thread Management
Interprocess Communication
Network Interprocess Communication
Linux has become integral part of Embedded systems. This presentation gives deeper perspective of Linux from system programming perspective. Stating with basics of Linux it goes on till advanced aspects like system calls, process subsystem, inter process communication mechanisms, thread and various synchronization mechanisms like mutex and semaphores. Understanding these services provided by Linux are essential for embedded systems engineer. These constructs helps users to write efficient programs in Linux environment
What is C# used for? Like other general-purpose programming languages, C# can be used to create a number of different programs and applications: mobile apps, desktop apps, cloud-based services, websites, enterprise software and games. Lots and lots of games.
C# (pronounced see sharp)[b] is a general-purpose, high-level multi-paradigm programming language. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[16]
The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
Computer and multimedia Week 1 Windows Architecture.pptxfatahozil
The kernel is the most trusted part of the operating system. Multiple rings of protection were among the most revolutionary concepts introduced by the Multics operating system, most general-purpose systems use only two rings, even if the hardware they run on provides more CPU modes than that. For example, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 (and their predecessors) use only two rings, with ring 0 corresponding to kernel mode and ring 3 to user mode, because earlier versions of Windows ran on processors that supported only two protection levels.
Many modern CPU architectures (including the popular Intel x86 architecture) include some form of ring protection, although the Windows NT operating system, like Unix, does not fully utilize this feature. Under DOS, the kernel, drivers and applications typically run on ring 3 (however, this is exclusive to the case where protected-mode drivers and/or DOS extenders are used; as a real-mode OS, the system runs with effectively no protection), whereas 386 memory managers such as EMM386 run at ring 0.
Windows Memory
Each process started on x86 version of Windows uses a flat memory model that ranges from 0x00000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF. The lower half of the memory, 0x00000000 – 0x7FFFFFFF, is reserved for user space code. While the upper half of the memory, 0x80000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF, is reserved for the kernel code. The Windows operating system also doesn’t use the segmentation (well actually it does, because it has to), but the segment table contains segment descriptors that use the entire linear address space. There are four segments, two for user and two for kernel mode, which describe the data and code for each of the modes. But all of the descriptors actually contain the same linear address space. This means they all point to the same segment in memory that is 0xFFFFFFFF bits long, proving that there is no segmentation on Windows systems.
The segmentation is actually not used by the Windows system. Therefore we can use the terms “virtual address space” and “linear address space” interchangeably, because they are the same in this particular case. Because of this, when talking about user space code being loaded in the virtual address space from 0x00000000 to 0x7FFFFFFF, we’re actually talking about linear addresses. Those addresses are then sent into the paging unit to be translated into physical addresses. We’ve just determined that even though each process uses a flat memory model that spans the entire 4GB linear address space, it can only use half of it. This is because the other half is reserved for kernel code: the program can thus use, at most, 2GB of memory.
Every process has its own unique value in the CR3 register that points to the process’ page directory table. Because each process has its own page directory table that is used to translate the linear address to physical address, two processes can use the same linear address, while their physical address is different. Okay, so each program has its own ad
moles of Na2CO3 = massmolecular mass = 0.50106 .pdfaashwini4
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles
Solution
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles.
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.Hard Acid .pdfaashwini4
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Solution
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable..
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentr.pdfaashwini4
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent)
Solution
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent).
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition o.pdfaashwini4
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products.
Solution
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products..
There are two reasons.1. Presence of natural immunity2. Immunity.pdfaashwini4
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication.
Solution
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication..
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and .pdfaashwini4
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits.
Solution
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits..
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdfaashwini4
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.
Solution
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core mater.
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels the Corporate Level.pdfaashwini4
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis.
Solution
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis..
Please give the problem detailsWhat are the solutions being mixed.pdfaashwini4
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?
Solution
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?.
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four aut.pdfaashwini4
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles (called DNA fingerprints) has been compared in each
case. These alleles (DNA fragments) differ in length from person to person; for this reason they
are used as genetic markers.
In case I-these alleles are A, B, C and D
In case II-E, G and F
In case III-H, I, J and K
In case IV-L, M, N and O
Ans 1
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Ans 2
In each case, child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from father so by
looking at the genotype of child, contribution from the parents can be predicted (by comparing
the genotype of all three persons)
Case
Genotype of child
Allele inherited from mother
Allele inherited from father
I
A/C
A
C
II
E/G
G
E
III
I/K
I
K
IV
M/O
M
O
Ans-3
In each case, we can see that child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from
father. So by making the comparison, it can be predicted that that the alleged father could be the
biological father of this child.
Ans 4
The DNA fingerprint assay is also useful in chimerism analysis after liver transplantation. Four
percent of donor lymphocytes (transient lymphocytes) are present for up to 3 weeks after
transplantation. If the donor lymphocytes persist, they can cause graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), which is an underdiagnosed and often fatal complication that occurs in approximately
1% of cases, usually 2 to 6 weeks after transplantation. The following cases illustrate the utility
of the this assay in chimerism analysis.
A liver transplant recipient presented with a skin rash 2 weeks after transplant, and a punch
biopsy of the skin was obtained. The pathologist noted the presence of a lymphocyte infiltrate in
the dermis. Possible causes included a drug reaction, a viral infection, or early GVHD. DNA was
extracted from the area of lymphocyte infiltration, and DNA fingerprinting analysis was
performed. The results showed that some of the lymphocytes were of donor origin, confirming
the diagnosis of early GVHD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200713/
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Solution
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles.
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rath.pdfaashwini4
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond
Solution
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection.pdf
1. In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user's behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so it is not unusual for a single program to use all of the IPC methods.
In Unix libraries executable code is there where as using Os level IPC different operating system
we will execute the program.
In Unix same opereting system program will executed and as comparing with other this is easy
that why using Unix libraries.
X.Org Implementation on X window system is not posssible.
X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on an integral or
attached display device.
X features network transparency, which means an X program running on a computer somewhere
on a network (such as the Internet) can display its user interface on an X server running on some
other computer on the network.
Solution
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
2. Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user's behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so it is not unusual for a single program to use all of the IPC methods.
In Unix libraries executable code is there where as using Os level IPC different operating system
we will execute the program.
In Unix same opereting system program will executed and as comparing with other this is easy
that why using Unix libraries.
X.Org Implementation on X window system is not posssible.
X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on an integral or
attached display device.
X features network transparency, which means an X program running on a computer somewhere
on a network (such as the Internet) can display its user interface on an X server running on some
other computer on the network.
