Role of green manuring in improving soil properties

1. WELCOME TO MY PPT
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2. TITLE:ROLE OF GREEN MANURING IN IMPROVING THE SOIL
PROPERTIES
COURSE: ORGANIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY,EAG(0+10)
SUBMITTED TO;
MRS.SHUBHASHREE.K.S.
ASSISTANT POFESSOR
DR.VENKATARAVANA NAYAKA.G.V.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SUBMITTED BY:
K.DEVIKA
ALC 9027
College of Sericulture,
Chintamani.
University of Agricultural Sciences ,
Bangaluru
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3. GREEN MANURING
It is a practice of ploughing in the green
plants with tender twigs or leaves from
outside and incorporating them into the
soil for improving the physical structure
as well as fertility of soil
Note:Legumes are the best
green manuring crops.
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4. IMPORTANCE OF GREEN MANURING
•Green manuring contributes 40 to 80 kg nitrogen per
ha.
•Besides supplying nitrogen,it prevents loss of nitrogen
by leaching and erosion.
•Vigorous root system og green manure keeps the soil
particles bound together.
•Green manure reclaims saline and alkaline soils.
•Some green leaf manure crops serve as fodder.
•The growth of green manure crops is very fast.
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5. *Green manuring is of two types:
1.Green leaf manuring
2.Green manure in situ
GREEN LEAF MANURING
•Application of green leaves and twigs of trees,shrubs and herbs collected
from elsewhere is known as green leaf manuring
•Species of green leaf
manure;Neem,mahua,wildindigo,glyricidia,karanji,calotropis,subabul and
other shrubs
GREEN MANURE INSITU
•Green manuring in situ is growing of plants usually belonging to leguminous
family and incorporating them in to the soil after sufficient growth that is at
the time of flowering or before flowering.
•Green manurecrops;sunhemp, Dhaincha,pillipesara,clusterbeans and
sesbania rostrate.
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6. Crop Age(Days) DRY
MATTER(t/h
a)
N
accumlated
Sesbaniaacl
eata
60 23.2 133
Sunhemp 60 30.6 134
Cow pea 60 23.2 74
pillipesara 60 25 102
Cluster
bean
60 3.2 91
Sesbaniaro
strata
60 5.0 96
BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND N ACCUMLATION OF
GREEN MANURE CROPS
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7. ADVANTAGES
•Green manuring improves soil structure,increases water
holding capacity and decreases soil loss by erosion.
•Growing of green manure crops in the off season reduces
weed proliferation and weed growth.
•Green manuring helps in reclamation of alkaline soils.
•Root knot nematodes can be controlled by green manure
•Improves the soil structure
•Increases water holding capacity
•Decreases the soil loss by erosion
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8. Criteria for selection of green
manures include:
•Fast growing
•Fast to decompose
•Plants are fleshy and soft
•Leguminous
•Do not attract pest and diseases
•Do not compete with crops
•Provide nutrients needed in the soil
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9. Treatments Nitrogen
level
At 65 DAT of
rice
At rice
harvest
At wheat
harvest
Soil depth
(cm)
0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30
Fallow N0 8.65 5.84 8.63 5.97 8.10 4.68
N60 8.74 5.97 8.71 6.01 8.19 4.77
N120 8.86 6.12 8.81 6.05 8.48 4.97
Mean 8.75 5.98 8.72 6.01 8.26 4.81
S. rostrata N0 9.98 7.12 9.03 6.78 8.61 5.11
N60 10.33 7.28 9.19 6.89 8.89 5.16
N120 10.60 7.54 10.28 7.31 9.14 5.48
Mean 10.30 7.31 9.50 6.99 8.88 5.25
Green gram
incorporation
N0 10.12 7.31 9.00 6.38 8.44 5.09
N60 10.31 7.46 9.06 6.56 8.78 5.18
N120 10.55 7.73 10.14 7.00 9.02 5.34
Mean 10.33 7.50 9.40 6.65 8.75 5.20
S. aculeata N0 9.61 7.10 8.78 6.51 8.48 5.10
N60 10.06 7.19 9.08 6.68 8.80 5.13
N120 10.19 7.22 10.19 6.92 9.11 5.43
Mean 9.95 7.17 9.35 6.70 8.80 5.22
LSD(0.05)
Treatment(T) 0.44 0.27 O.47 0.41 0.51 0.32
Nitrogen(N) 0.45 O.29 0.51 NS NS NS
T*N 0.74 0.46 NS NS NS NS
Let`s see now soil properties improvement by green manure crops….
Table 2 Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on organic matter
concentreation (g kg-1) of soil under rice and wheat
U.K. Mandal et al… (NS, Non significant at p is more than 0.05)
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10. Treatments Nitrogen
level
At 65 DAT of
rice
At rice
harvest
At wheat
harvest
Soil
depth(cm)
0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30
Fallow N0 0.59 0.41 0.56 0.36 0.53 0.35
N60 O.65 0.59 0.59 0.39 0.54 0.37
N120 O.75 0.64 0.63 0.41 0.59 0.39
Mean 0.66 0.55 0.59 0.39 0.55 0.37
S.rostrata NO 0.68 0.49 0.62 0.41 0.60 0.39
N60 O.77 0.63 0.63 0.43 0.60 0.39
N120 0.83 0.71 0.67 0.46 0.61 0.42
Mean 0.76 0.61 0.64 0.43 0.60 0.40
S. aculeata N0 0.66 0.48 0.62 0.41 0.60 0.37
N60 0.76 0.63 0.62 0.43 0.60 0.39
N120 O.82 0.69 0.67 0.44 0.61 0.42
Mean 0.75 0.60 0.64 0.43 0.60 0.39
Green gram
incorporatio
n
N0 0.67 0.48 0.61 0.40 0.60 0.37
N60 0.75 0.62 0.62 0.42 0.58 0.39
N120 0.81 0.69 0.66 0.44 0.59 0.41
Mean 0.74 0.60 0.63 0.42 0.59 0.39
LSD(0.05)
Treatment(T
)
0.039 0.017 0.031 0.026 NS NS
Nitrogen(N) 0.049 0.019 0.037 0.034 NS NS
T*N 0.067 0.042 NS NS NS NS
Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on total nitrogen concentration(g
kg-1) (NS,non significant at p greatere than 0.05) U.K Mandal et al.
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11. Treatment
s
Nitrogen
level
At 65 DAT
of rice
At rice
harvest
At wheat
harvest
Soil
depth(cm)
0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30
Fallow N0 1.45 1.57 1.54 1.62 1.56 1.63
N60 1.45 1.56 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.60
N120 1.44 1.55 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.59
Mean 1.45 1.56 1.52 1.61 1.55 1.61
S.rostrata NO 1.42 1.52 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.53
N60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.51
N120 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.52 1.50 1.51
Mean 1.41 1.51 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.52
S.
aculeata
N0 1.42 1.52 1.47 1.55 1.52 1.55
N60 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.53 1.51 1.54
N120 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.53 1.51 1.52
Mean 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.54
Green
gram
incorporat
ion
N0 1.41 1.51 1.47 1.54 1.52 1.55
N60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.52 1.54
N120 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.52 1.52 1.54
Mean 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.53 1.52 1.54
LSD(0.05)
Treatment
(T)
NS NS O.042 0.044 0.031 NS
Nitrogen(
N)
NS NS NS NS NS NS
T*N NS NS NS NS NS NS
Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on bulk density(Mg m-3) 0f soil under
rice and wheat (NS, non significant at greater than 0.05)
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12. Treatments Nitrogen
level
At 65 DAT
of rice
At rice
harvest
At wheat
harvest
Soil
depth(cm)
0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30 0-15 15-30
Fallow N0 1.45 1.57 1.54 1.62 1.56 1.63
N60 1.45 1.56 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.60
N120 1.44 1.55 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.59
Mean 1.45 1.56 1.52 1.61 1.55 1.61
S.rostrata NO 1.42 1.52 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.53
N60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.51
N120 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.52 1.50 1.51
Mean 1.41 1.51 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.52
S. aculeata N0 1.42 1.52 1.47 1.55 1.52 1.55
N60 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.53 1.51 1.54
N120 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.53 1.51 1.52
Mean 1.41 1.51 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.54
Green gram
incorporati
on
N0 1.41 1.51 1.47 1.54 1.52 1.55
N60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.52 1.54
N120 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.52 1.52 1.54
Mean 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.53 1.52 1.54
LSD(0.05)
Treatment(
T)
NS NS O.042 0.044 0.031 NS
Nitrogen(N) NS NS NS NS NS NS
T*N NS NS NS NS NS NS
Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on bulk density(Mg m-3) 0f
soil under rice and wheat (NS, non significant at greater than 0.05)
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13. Treatment Rice Wheat
Nitrogen
level
Nitrogen
level
N0 N60 N120 Mean N0 N60 N120 Mea
n
Fallow 3.15 4.61 5.19 4.32 2.75 3.89 4.07 3.57
S. rostrata 4.25 5.51 5.78 5.18 3.86 4.41 4.51 4.26
S. aculeata 4.19 5.49 5.73 5.14 3.74 4.36 4.49 4.20
Green gram
incorporation
4.17 5.47 5.72 5.12 3.68 4.34 4.48 4.17
Mean 3.94 5.27 5.61 3.51 4.25 4.39
Treatment(T)
Nitrogen(N)
T*N
LSD(0
.05)
0.495
O.63
2
1.109
LSD(0
.05)
0.287
O.41
NS
Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on
grain yield(Mg ha-1)
(NS, non significant at p is greater than 0.05)
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14. CONCLUSION
Organic matter is one of the most important components of
the soil. Soil organic matter is the source ofnitrogen, as well
as all nutrients. The application of green manure plants
which improves the physical,chemical, and biological
properties of soil by basically increasing the amount of
organic matter. According to several previous studies,the
incorporation of several
Green manure crops significantly improved the
chemical,physical and biological properties of the soil.In
addition, green manure also potentially contributes to
disease,pest, and weed control as well as increased soil
erosion. Green manure is very important for environmental
sustainability by reducing chemical fertilizers and
pesticides, improving soil properties,controlling soilerosion,
and preventing the
leaching of nitrate and other chemical inputs in to surface
and ground
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15. REFERENCES
•UK Mandal,G singh,US Victor,KL Sharma European
journal of Agronomy 19(2)-Green manuring its
effect on soil properties and crop growth under rice
wheat cropping system
•NK Fageria- Journal of plant nutrition,2007-Taylor
&Franscis
•S Maitra,A Zaman,TK Mandal-Green manures in
agriculture
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