This document discusses the importance of verb suffix mapping in discourse translation from English to Telugu. It explains that after anaphora resolution, the verbs must be changed to agree with the gender, number, and person features of the subject or anaphoric pronoun. Verbs in Telugu inflect based on these features, while verbs in English only inflect based on number and person. Several examples are provided that demonstrate how the Telugu verb changes based on whether the subject or pronoun is masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural. Proper verb suffix mapping is essential for generating natural and coherent translations while preserving the context and meaning of the original discourse.
OPTIMIZE THE LEARNING RATE OF NEURAL ARCHITECTURE IN MYANMAR STEMMERijnlc
Morphological stemming becomes a critical step toward natural language processing. The process of stemming is to reduce alternative forms to a common morphological root. Word segmentation for Myanmar Language, like for most Asian Languages, is an important task and extensively-studied sequence labelling problem. Named entity detection is one of the issues in Asian Language that has traditionally required a large amount of feature engineering to achieve high performance. The new approach is integrating them that would benefit in all these processes. In recent years, end-to-end sequence labelling models with deep learning are widely used. This paper introduces a deep BiGRUCNN-CRF network that jointly learns word segmentation, stemming and named entity recognition tasks. We trained the model using manually annotated corpora. State-of-the-art named entity recognition systems rely heavily on handcrafted feature built in our new approach, we introduce the joint model that relies on two sources of information: character level representation and syllable level representation.
RULE BASED TRANSLITERATION SCHEME FOR ENGLISH TO PUNJABIijnlc
Machine Transliteration has come out to be an emerging and a very important research area in the field of
machine translation. Transliteration basically aims to preserve the phonological structure of words. Proper
transliteration of name entities plays a very significant role in improving the quality of machine translation.
In this paper we are doing machine transliteration for English-Punjabi language pair using rule based
approach. We have constructed some rules for syllabification. Syllabification is the process to extract or
separate the syllable from the words. In this we are calculating the probabilities for name entities (Proper
names and location). For those words which do not come under the category of name entities, separate
probabilities are being calculated by using relative frequency through a statistical machine translation
toolkit known as MOSES. Using these probabilities we are transliterating our input text from English to
Punjabi.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
It is helpful for those researchers who want to get some stratification of morphological awareness. But keep in mind it is not full information about MA.
OPTIMIZE THE LEARNING RATE OF NEURAL ARCHITECTURE IN MYANMAR STEMMERijnlc
Morphological stemming becomes a critical step toward natural language processing. The process of stemming is to reduce alternative forms to a common morphological root. Word segmentation for Myanmar Language, like for most Asian Languages, is an important task and extensively-studied sequence labelling problem. Named entity detection is one of the issues in Asian Language that has traditionally required a large amount of feature engineering to achieve high performance. The new approach is integrating them that would benefit in all these processes. In recent years, end-to-end sequence labelling models with deep learning are widely used. This paper introduces a deep BiGRUCNN-CRF network that jointly learns word segmentation, stemming and named entity recognition tasks. We trained the model using manually annotated corpora. State-of-the-art named entity recognition systems rely heavily on handcrafted feature built in our new approach, we introduce the joint model that relies on two sources of information: character level representation and syllable level representation.
RULE BASED TRANSLITERATION SCHEME FOR ENGLISH TO PUNJABIijnlc
Machine Transliteration has come out to be an emerging and a very important research area in the field of
machine translation. Transliteration basically aims to preserve the phonological structure of words. Proper
transliteration of name entities plays a very significant role in improving the quality of machine translation.
In this paper we are doing machine transliteration for English-Punjabi language pair using rule based
approach. We have constructed some rules for syllabification. Syllabification is the process to extract or
separate the syllable from the words. In this we are calculating the probabilities for name entities (Proper
names and location). For those words which do not come under the category of name entities, separate
probabilities are being calculated by using relative frequency through a statistical machine translation
toolkit known as MOSES. Using these probabilities we are transliterating our input text from English to
Punjabi.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
It is helpful for those researchers who want to get some stratification of morphological awareness. But keep in mind it is not full information about MA.
This is a presentation that I delivered during a Syntax class in semester 1. It was part of a series of presentations delivered in Syntax class in Culture and Linguistics Master program at Ibn Tofail University.
Spell checkers are used to detect and where possible correct spelling errors. Errors are classified as nonword errors and real-word errors. Real-word errors require the consideration of the context of the sentence to detect and correct. Setswana language has several commonly used words which are often misspelled by either separating or merging them. The misspelling results in real-word errors. In this paper we propose contextual rules that look at neighbor words to determine whether the correct word is written as two separate words or merged as one word. For some words the rules require that the parts of speech category of neighbor words be determined whereas some depend on specific neighbor words or position in a sentence. Implemented rules show that the rules are very consistent with a 88% success rate. Our tool only looks at neighbor words and therefore does not look at the context of the whole sentence. Hence, for words that require context of the whole sentence to disambiguate correctly our rules fail. This module can be incorporated into a spell checker to detect and correct real world errors for some words. That is, help users to determine the correct orthography of certain words
Natural Language Generation from First-Order ExpressionsThomas Mathew
In this paper I discuss an approach for generating natural language from a first-order logic representation. The approach shows that a grammar definition for the natural language and a
lambda calculus based semantic rule collection can be applied for bi-directional translation using an overgenerate-and-prune mechanism.
In this paper we discuss the difficulties in processing the Malayalam texts for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially the verb forms. Mostly the agglutinative nature of Malayalam is the main issue with the processing of text. We mainly focus on the verbs and its contribution in adding the difficulty in processing. The verb plays a crucial role in defining the sentence structure. We illustrate the issues with the existing google translation system and the trained MOSES system using limited set of English- Malayalam parallel corpus. Our reference for analysis is English-Malayalam language pair.
Part of speech tagging is one of the basic steps in natural language processing. Although it has been
investigated for many languages around the world, very little has been done for Setswana language.
Setswana language is written disjunctively and some words play multiple functions in a sentence. These
features make part of speech tagging more challenging. This paper presents a finite state method for
identifying one of the compound parts of speech, the relative. Results show an 82% identification rate
which is lower than for other languages. The results also show that the model can identify the start of a
relative 97% of the time but fail to identify where it stops 13% of the time. The model fails due to the
limitations of the morphological analyser and due to more complex sentences not accounted for in the
model.
Different intonation pattern is one of the factors affecting the learning of L2 pronunciation. The contrastive analysis of English-Persian intonation patterns has shown that both languages are similar in sentence-final intonation while they are different in incomplete sentences. To this end, this paper describes English-Persian intonation patterns to look at the differences and similarities of the two languages to improve the effectiveness of L2 learning.
This is a presentation that I delivered during a Syntax class in semester 1. It was part of a series of presentations delivered in Syntax class in Culture and Linguistics Master program at Ibn Tofail University.
Spell checkers are used to detect and where possible correct spelling errors. Errors are classified as nonword errors and real-word errors. Real-word errors require the consideration of the context of the sentence to detect and correct. Setswana language has several commonly used words which are often misspelled by either separating or merging them. The misspelling results in real-word errors. In this paper we propose contextual rules that look at neighbor words to determine whether the correct word is written as two separate words or merged as one word. For some words the rules require that the parts of speech category of neighbor words be determined whereas some depend on specific neighbor words or position in a sentence. Implemented rules show that the rules are very consistent with a 88% success rate. Our tool only looks at neighbor words and therefore does not look at the context of the whole sentence. Hence, for words that require context of the whole sentence to disambiguate correctly our rules fail. This module can be incorporated into a spell checker to detect and correct real world errors for some words. That is, help users to determine the correct orthography of certain words
Natural Language Generation from First-Order ExpressionsThomas Mathew
In this paper I discuss an approach for generating natural language from a first-order logic representation. The approach shows that a grammar definition for the natural language and a
lambda calculus based semantic rule collection can be applied for bi-directional translation using an overgenerate-and-prune mechanism.
In this paper we discuss the difficulties in processing the Malayalam texts for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially the verb forms. Mostly the agglutinative nature of Malayalam is the main issue with the processing of text. We mainly focus on the verbs and its contribution in adding the difficulty in processing. The verb plays a crucial role in defining the sentence structure. We illustrate the issues with the existing google translation system and the trained MOSES system using limited set of English- Malayalam parallel corpus. Our reference for analysis is English-Malayalam language pair.
Part of speech tagging is one of the basic steps in natural language processing. Although it has been
investigated for many languages around the world, very little has been done for Setswana language.
Setswana language is written disjunctively and some words play multiple functions in a sentence. These
features make part of speech tagging more challenging. This paper presents a finite state method for
identifying one of the compound parts of speech, the relative. Results show an 82% identification rate
which is lower than for other languages. The results also show that the model can identify the start of a
relative 97% of the time but fail to identify where it stops 13% of the time. The model fails due to the
limitations of the morphological analyser and due to more complex sentences not accounted for in the
model.
Different intonation pattern is one of the factors affecting the learning of L2 pronunciation. The contrastive analysis of English-Persian intonation patterns has shown that both languages are similar in sentence-final intonation while they are different in incomplete sentences. To this end, this paper describes English-Persian intonation patterns to look at the differences and similarities of the two languages to improve the effectiveness of L2 learning.
Implementation of Enhanced Parts-of-Speech Based Rules for English to Telugu ...Waqas Tariq
Words of a sentence will not follow same ordering in different languages. This paper proposes certain Parts-of-Speech (POS) based rules for reordering the given English sentence to get translation in Telugu. The added rules for adverbs, exceptional conjunctions in addition to improved handling of inflections enable the system to achieve more accurate translation. The proposed rules along with existing system gave a score of 0.6190 with BLEU evaluation metric while translating sentences from English to Telugu. This paper deals with simple form of sentences in a better way.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Cross lingual similarity discrimination with translation characteristicsijaia
In cross-lingual plagiarism detection, the similarity between sentences is the basis of judgment. This paper
proposes a discriminative model trained on bilingual corpus to divide a set of sentences in target language
into two classes according their similarities to a given sentence in source language. Positive outputs of the
discriminative model are then ranked according to the similarity probabilities. The translation candidates
of the given sentence are finally selected from the top-n positive results. One of the problems in model
building is the extremely imbalanced training data, in which positive samples are the translations of the
target sentences, while negative samples or the non-translations are numerous or unknown. We train models
on four kinds of sampling sets with same translation characteristics and compare their performances.
Experiments on the open dataset of 1500 pairs of English Chinese sentences are evaluated by three metrics
with satisfying performances, much higher than the baseline system.
Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions)Satya Permadi
Discourse analysis is an umbrella term for all those studies within applied linguistics which focus on units/stretches of language beyond the sentence level (Judit, 2012). We as the human is use a natural language utterance which language serves in the expression of 'content' described as transactional and that function involved in expressing social relations and personal attitudes we describe as interactional. Spoken and written language has relation each other. But written language and spoken language have different form. The book concerns with sentence which is 'text-sentence‘, so it will connected to behavior and involves contextual considerations. The data which is used in this book is based on the linguistic output of someone other than the analyst. Besides, discourse analyst discovers regularities in his data.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Word morphology is a process of analysing word formation. Morphological analysis is one of the pre-processing steps in natural language processing tasks. Few studies have looked at Setswana noun morphology analysis and generation computationally. In this paper we present a rule-based Setswana noun morphological analyzer and generator. The analyser and generator implement morphological rules which are supported by a dictionary of root words with some attributes. Results show that Setswana nouns could mostly be analysed using morphological rules and the rules could also be used to generate other words. Adjectives, pronouns, adverbs and enumeratives are also included. The generator shows that Setswana nouns, adjectives and adverbs are less productive compared to verbs. The analyzer gives a 79% performance rate and the generator 92%. The analyser rules fail when multiple words have the same intermediate word and with homographs. The generator failures are due to over generation and under generation.
Types of Causative Verbs in English, Their Forms and Usage in Different Contextsijait
Causative verbs are an essential part of the English language, allowing speakers to describe the act of causing something to happen. This paper provides an overview of causative verbs in English, their various forms and uses, and some common misconceptions about their usage. The paper also explores how causative verbs can be used in different tenses and how they interact with modal verbs. Finally, the paper examines the use of causative verbs in passive voice constructions.
MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION WITH LSTM NEURAL NETWORKS FOR TIGRINYAijnlc
Morphological segmentation is a fundamental task in language processing. Some languages, such as
Arabic and Tigrinya,have words packed with very rich morphological information.Therefore, unpacking
this information becomes a necessary taskfor many downstream natural language processing tasks. This
paper presents the first morphological segmentation research forTigrinya. We constructed a new
morphologically segmented corpus with 45,127 manually segmented tokens. Conditional random fields
(CRF) and window-based longshort-term memory (LSTM) neural networkswere employed separately to
develop our boundary detection models. We appliedlanguage-independent character and substring features
for the CRFand character embeddings for the LSTM networks. Experimentswere performed with four
variants of the Begin-Inside-Outside (BIO) chunk annotation scheme. We achieved 94.67% F1 scoreusing
bidirectional LSTMs with fixed-sizewindow approach to morphemeboundary detection.
Segmentation Words for Speech Synthesis in Persian Language Based On Silencepaperpublications3
Abstract: In speech synthesis in text to speech systems, the words usually break to different parts and use from recorded sound of each part for play words. This paper use silent in word's pronunciation for better quality of speech. Most algorithms divide words to syllable and some of them divide words to phoneme, but This paper benefit from silent in intonation and divide words at silent region and then set equivalent sound of each parts whereupon joining the parts is trusty and speech quality being more smooth . this paper concern Persian language but extendable to another language. This method has been tested with MOS test and intelligibility, naturalness and fluidity are better.
Keywords:TTS, SBS, Sillable, Diphone.
OPTIMIZE THE LEARNING RATE OF NEURAL ARCHITECTURE IN MYANMAR STEMMERkevig
Morphological stemming becomes a critical step toward natural language processing. The process of
stemming is to reduce alternative forms to a common morphological root. Word segmentation for
Myanmar Language, like for most Asian Languages, is an important task and extensively-studied
sequence labelling problem. Named entity detection is one of the issues in Asian Language that has
traditionally required a large amount of feature engineering to achieve high performance. The new
approach is integrating them that would benefit in all these processes. In recent years, end-to-end
sequence labelling models with deep learning are widely used. This paper introduces a deep BiGRUCNN-CRF network that jointly learns word segmentation, stemming and named entity recognition tasks.
We trained the model using manually annotated corpora. State-of-the-art named entity recognition
systems rely heavily on handcrafted feature built in our new approach, we introduce the joint model that
relies on two sources of information: character level representation and syllable level representation.
Similar to IMPORTANCE OF VERB SUFFIX MAPPING IN DISCOURSE TRANSLATION SYSTEM (20)
ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION GRADIENT BY DINSAR cscpconf
The progressive development of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems diversify the exploitation of the generated images by these systems in different applications of geoscience. Detection and monitoring surface deformations, procreated by various phenomena had benefited from this evolution and had been realized by interferometry (InSAR) and differential interferometry (DInSAR) techniques. Nevertheless, spatial and temporal decorrelations of the interferometric couples used, limit strongly the precision of analysis results by these techniques. In this context, we propose, in this work, a methodological approach of surface deformation detection and analysis by differential interferograms to show the limits of this technique according to noise quality and level. The detectability model is generated from the deformation signatures, by simulating a linear fault merged to the images couples of ERS1 / ERS2 sensors acquired in a region of the Algerian south.
4D AUTOMATIC LIP-READING FOR SPEAKER'S FACE IDENTIFCATIONcscpconf
A novel based a trajectory-guided, concatenating approach for synthesizing high-quality image real sample renders video is proposed . The lips reading automated is seeking for modeled the closest real image sample sequence preserve in the library under the data video to the HMM predicted trajectory. The object trajectory is modeled obtained by projecting the face patterns into an KDA feature space is estimated. The approach for speaker's face identification by using synthesise the identity surface of a subject face from a small sample of patterns which sparsely each the view sphere. An KDA algorithm use to the Lip-reading image is discrimination, after that work consisted of in the low dimensional for the fundamental lip features vector is reduced by using the 2D-DCT.The mouth of the set area dimensionality is ordered by a normally reduction base on the PCA to obtain the Eigen lips approach, their proposed approach by[33]. The subjective performance results of the cost function under the automatic lips reading modeled , which wasn’t illustrate the superior performance of the
method.
MOVING FROM WATERFALL TO AGILE PROCESS IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJE...cscpconf
Universities offer software engineering capstone course to simulate a real world-working environment in which students can work in a team for a fixed period to deliver a quality product. The objective of the paper is to report on our experience in moving from Waterfall process to Agile process in conducting the software engineering capstone project. We present the capstone course designs for both Waterfall driven and Agile driven methodologies that highlight the structure, deliverables and assessment plans.To evaluate the improvement, we conducted a survey for two different sections taught by two different instructors to evaluate students’ experience in moving from traditional Waterfall model to Agile like process. Twentyeight students filled the survey. The survey consisted of eight multiple-choice questions and an open-ended question to collect feedback from students. The survey results show that students were able to attain hands one experience, which simulate a real world-working environment. The results also show that the Agile approach helped students to have overall better design and avoid mistakes they have made in the initial design completed in of the first phase of the capstone project. In addition, they were able to decide on their team capabilities, training needs and thus learn the required technologies earlier which is reflected on the final product quality
PROMOTING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT USING SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIEScscpconf
Using social media in education provides learners with an informal way for communication. Informal communication tends to remove barriers and hence promotes student engagement. This paper presents our experience in using three different social media technologies in teaching software project management course. We conducted different surveys at the end of every semester to evaluate students’ satisfaction and engagement. Results show that using social media enhances students’ engagement and satisfaction. However, familiarity with the tool is an important factor for student satisfaction.
A SURVEY ON QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEMS: THE ADVANCES OF FUZZY LOGICcscpconf
In real world computing environment with using a computer to answer questions has been a human dream since the beginning of the digital era, Question-answering systems are referred to as intelligent systems, that can be used to provide responses for the questions being asked by the user based on certain facts or rules stored in the knowledge base it can generate answers of questions asked in natural , and the first main idea of fuzzy logic was to working on the problem of computer understanding of natural language, so this survey paper provides an overview on what Question-Answering is and its system architecture and the possible relationship and
different with fuzzy logic, as well as the previous related research with respect to approaches that were followed. At the end, the survey provides an analytical discussion of the proposed QA models, along or combined with fuzzy logic and their main contributions and limitations.
DYNAMIC PHONE WARPING – A METHOD TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PRONUNCIATIONS cscpconf
Human beings generate different speech waveforms while speaking the same word at different times. Also, different human beings have different accents and generate significantly varying speech waveforms for the same word. There is a need to measure the distances between various words which facilitate preparation of pronunciation dictionaries. A new algorithm called Dynamic Phone Warping (DPW) is presented in this paper. It uses dynamic programming technique for global alignment and shortest distance measurements. The DPW algorithm can be used to enhance the pronunciation dictionaries of the well-known languages like English or to build pronunciation dictionaries to the less known sparse languages. The precision measurement experiments show 88.9% accuracy.
INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC ASSESSMENT FOR SUBJECTIVE EXAMS cscpconf
In education, the use of electronic (E) examination systems is not a novel idea, as Eexamination systems have been used to conduct objective assessments for the last few years. This research deals with randomly designed E-examinations and proposes an E-assessment system that can be used for subjective questions. This system assesses answers to subjective questions by finding a matching ratio for the keywords in instructor and student answers. The matching ratio is achieved based on semantic and document similarity. The assessment system is composed of four modules: preprocessing, keyword expansion, matching, and grading. A survey and case study were used in the research design to validate the proposed system. The examination assessment system will help instructors to save time, costs, and resources, while increasing efficiency and improving the productivity of exam setting and assessments.
TWO DISCRETE BINARY VERSIONS OF AFRICAN BUFFALO OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICcscpconf
African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) is one of the most recent swarms intelligence based metaheuristics. ABO algorithm is inspired by the buffalo’s behavior and lifestyle. Unfortunately, the standard ABO algorithm is proposed only for continuous optimization problems. In this paper, the authors propose two discrete binary ABO algorithms to deal with binary optimization problems. In the first version (called SBABO) they use the sigmoid function and probability model to generate binary solutions. In the second version (called LBABO) they use some logical operator to operate the binary solutions. Computational results on two knapsack problems (KP and MKP) instances show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and their ability to achieve good and promising solutions.
DETECTION OF ALGORITHMICALLY GENERATED MALICIOUS DOMAINcscpconf
In recent years, many malware writers have relied on Dynamic Domain Name Services (DDNS) to maintain their Command and Control (C&C) network infrastructure to ensure a persistence presence on a compromised host. Amongst the various DDNS techniques, Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) is often perceived as the most difficult to detect using traditional methods. This paper presents an approach for detecting DGA using frequency analysis of the character distribution and the weighted scores of the domain names. The approach’s feasibility is demonstrated using a range of legitimate domains and a number of malicious algorithmicallygenerated domain names. Findings from this study show that domain names made up of English characters “a-z” achieving a weighted score of < 45 are often associated with DGA. When a weighted score of < 45 is applied to the Alexa one million list of domain names, only 15% of the domain names were treated as non-human generated.
GLOBAL MUSIC ASSET ASSURANCE DIGITAL CURRENCY: A DRM SOLUTION FOR STREAMING C...cscpconf
The amount of piracy in the streaming digital content in general and the music industry in specific is posing a real challenge to digital content owners. This paper presents a DRM solution to monetizing, tracking and controlling online streaming content cross platforms for IP enabled devices. The paper benefits from the current advances in Blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Specifically, the paper presents a Global Music Asset Assurance (GoMAA) digital currency and presents the iMediaStreams Blockchain to enable the secure dissemination and tracking of the streamed content. The proposed solution provides the data owner the ability to control the flow of information even after it has been released by creating a secure, selfinstalled, cross platform reader located on the digital content file header. The proposed system provides the content owners’ options to manage their digital information (audio, video, speech, etc.), including the tracking of the most consumed segments, once it is release. The system benefits from token distribution between the content owner (Music Bands), the content distributer (Online Radio Stations) and the content consumer(Fans) on the system blockchain.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF A FAMILY OF HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL KDV-T...cscpconf
In this paper, based on the definition of conformable fractional derivative, the functional
variable method (FVM) is proposed to seek the exact traveling wave solutions of two higherdimensional
space-time fractional KdV-type equations in mathematical physics, namely the
(3+1)-dimensional space–time fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation and the (2+1)-
dimensional space–time fractional Generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony
(GZK-BBM) equation. Some new solutions are procured and depicted. These solutions, which
contain kink-shaped, singular kink, bell-shaped soliton, singular soliton and periodic wave
solutions, have many potential applications in mathematical physics and engineering. The
simplicity and reliability of the proposed method is verified.
AUTOMATED PENETRATION TESTING: AN OVERVIEWcscpconf
The using of information technology resources is rapidly increasing in organizations,
businesses, and even governments, that led to arise various attacks, and vulnerabilities in the
field. All resources make it a must to do frequently a penetration test (PT) for the environment
and see what can the attacker gain and what is the current environment's vulnerabilities. This
paper reviews some of the automated penetration testing techniques and presents its
enhancement over the traditional manual approaches. To the best of our knowledge, it is the
first research that takes into consideration the concept of penetration testing and the standards
in the area.This research tackles the comparison between the manual and automated
penetration testing, the main tools used in penetration testing. Additionally, compares between
some methodologies used to build an automated penetration testing platform.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALZHEIMER USING fMRI DATA AND BRAIN NETWORKcscpconf
Since the mid of 1990s, functional connectivity study using fMRI (fcMRI) has drawn increasing
attention of neuroscientists and computer scientists, since it opens a new window to explore
functional network of human brain with relatively high resolution. BOLD technique provides
almost accurate state of brain. Past researches prove that neuro diseases damage the brain
network interaction, protein- protein interaction and gene-gene interaction. A number of
neurological research paper also analyse the relationship among damaged part. By
computational method especially machine learning technique we can show such classifications.
In this paper we used OASIS fMRI dataset affected with Alzheimer’s disease and normal
patient’s dataset. After proper processing the fMRI data we use the processed data to form
classifier models using SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K- nearest neighbour) & Naïve
Bayes. We also compare the accuracy of our proposed method with existing methods. In future,
we will other combinations of methods for better accuracy.
VALIDATION METHOD OF FUZZY ASSOCIATION RULES BASED ON FUZZY FORMAL CONCEPT AN...cscpconf
In order to treat and analyze real datasets, fuzzy association rules have been proposed. Several
algorithms have been introduced to extract these rules. However, these algorithms suffer from
the problems of utility, redundancy and large number of extracted fuzzy association rules. The
expert will then be confronted with this huge amount of fuzzy association rules. The task of
validation becomes fastidious. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new validation
method. Our method is based on three steps. (i) We extract a generic base of non redundant
fuzzy association rules by applying EFAR-PN algorithm based on fuzzy formal concept analysis.
(ii) we categorize extracted rules into groups and (iii) we evaluate the relevance of these rules
using structural equation model.
PROBABILITY BASED CLUSTER EXPANSION OVERSAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR IMBALANCED DATAcscpconf
In many applications of data mining, class imbalance is noticed when examples in one class are
overrepresented. Traditional classifiers result in poor accuracy of the minority class due to the
class imbalance. Further, the presence of within class imbalance where classes are composed of
multiple sub-concepts with different number of examples also affect the performance of
classifier. In this paper, we propose an oversampling technique that handles between class and
within class imbalance simultaneously and also takes into consideration the generalization
ability in data space. The proposed method is based on two steps- performing Model Based
Clustering with respect to classes to identify the sub-concepts; and then computing the
separating hyperplane based on equal posterior probability between the classes. The proposed
method is tested on 10 publicly available data sets and the result shows that the proposed
method is statistically superior to other existing oversampling methods.
CHARACTER AND IMAGE RECOGNITION FOR DATA CATALOGING IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCHcscpconf
Data collection is an essential, but manpower intensive procedure in ecological research. An
algorithm was developed by the author which incorporated two important computer vision
techniques to automate data cataloging for butterfly measurements. Optical Character
Recognition is used for character recognition and Contour Detection is used for imageprocessing.
Proper pre-processing is first done on the images to improve accuracy. Although
there are limitations to Tesseract’s detection of certain fonts, overall, it can successfully identify
words of basic fonts. Contour detection is an advanced technique that can be utilized to
measure an image. Shapes and mathematical calculations are crucial in determining the precise
location of the points on which to draw the body and forewing lines of the butterfly. Overall,
92% accuracy were achieved by the program for the set of butterflies measured.
SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND EVENT DETECTION IN SMART CI...cscpconf
Smart cities utilize Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors to enhance the quality of the city
services including energy, transportation, health, and much more. They generate massive
volumes of structured and unstructured data on a daily basis. Also, social networks, such as
Twitter, Facebook, and Google+, are becoming a new source of real-time information in smart
cities. Social network users are acting as social sensors. These datasets so large and complex
are difficult to manage with conventional data management tools and methods. To become
valuable, this massive amount of data, known as 'big data,' needs to be processed and
comprehended to hold the promise of supporting a broad range of urban and smart cities
functions, including among others transportation, water, and energy consumption, pollution
surveillance, and smart city governance. In this work, we investigate how social media analytics
help to analyze smart city data collected from various social media sources, such as Twitter and
Facebook, to detect various events taking place in a smart city and identify the importance of
events and concerns of citizens regarding some events. A case scenario analyses the opinions of
users concerning the traffic in three largest cities in the UAE
SOCIAL NETWORK HATE SPEECH DETECTION FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGEcscpconf
The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal
activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing
volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in
aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become
difficult to collect, store and analyze such big data using traditional detection methods. This
paper proposed the application of apache spark in hate speech detection to reduce the
challenges. Authors developed an apache spark based model to classify Amharic Facebook
posts and comments into hate and not hate. Authors employed Random forest and Naïve Bayes
for learning and Word2Vec and TF-IDF for feature selection. Tested by 10-fold crossvalidation,
the model based on word2vec embedding performed best with 79.83%accuracy. The
proposed method achieve a promising result with unique feature of spark for big data.
GENERAL REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK BASED POS TAGGING FOR NEPALI TEXTcscpconf
This article presents Part of Speech tagging for Nepali text using General Regression Neural
Network (GRNN). The corpus is divided into two parts viz. training and testing. The network is
trained and validated on both training and testing data. It is observed that 96.13% words are
correctly being tagged on training set whereas 74.38% words are tagged correctly on testing
data set using GRNN. The result is compared with the traditional Viterbi algorithm based on
Hidden Markov Model. Viterbi algorithm yields 97.2% and 40% classification accuracies on
training and testing data sets respectively. GRNN based POS Tagger is more consistent than the
traditional Viterbi decoding technique.
APPLYING DISTRIBUTIONAL SEMANTICS TO ENHANCE CLASSIFYING EMOTIONS IN ARABIC T...cscpconf
Most of the recent researches have been carried out to analyse sentiment and emotions found in
English texts, where few studies have been conducted on Arabic contents, which have been
focused on analysing the sentiment as positive and negative, instead of the different emotions’
classes. Therefore this paper has focused on analysing different six emotions’ classes in Arabic
contents, especially Arabic tweets which have unstructured nature that make it challenging task
compared to the formal structured contents found in Arabic journals and books. On the other
hand, the recent developments in the distributional sematic models, have encouraged testing the
effect of the distributional measures on the classification process, which was not investigated by
any other classification-related studies for analysing Arabic texts. As a result, the model has
successfully improved the average accuracy to more than 86% using Support Vector Machine
(SVM) compared to the different sentiments and emotions studies for classifying Arabic texts
through the developed semi-supervised approach which has employed the contextual and the
co-occurrence information from a large amount of unlabelled dataset. In addition to the
different remarkable achieved results, the model has recorded a high average accuracy,
85.30%, after removing the labels from the unlabelled contextual information which was used in
the labelled dataset during the classification process. Moreover, due to the unstructured nature
of Twitter contents, a general set of pre-processing techniques for Arabic texts was found which
has resulted in increasing the accuracy of the six emotions’ classes to 85.95% while employing
the contextual information from the unlabelled dataset.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 144 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
“Text has its own organization and is filled with pointers that relate sentences and words into a
broader picture, and that a proper translation should respect this fact” [1]. Discourse Translation
is never a mere word-for-word substitution. Discourses are texts above sentence level. When a
pronoun in the second sentence is referring to a subject in the first sentence it cannot be translated
as a separate sentence instead while translation the first and second sentences should be
interpreted as a whole and not as individual sentences[2]. The translation process involves
identifying the antecedents of the anaphors which is resolution and creating the references over
the discourse entity which is termed as generation [3, 4]. After resolving the anaphors the next
step is to map the verbs to agree with the GNP features of the anaphors.
Discourse oriented MT makes the translations more natural in MT systems. Paragraph-by-
paragraph MT seems to be a complicated task for practical needs. It involves the complete
understanding of the paragraph, the determination of discourse topics, goals, intentions, so that
the output can be produced in accordance with the respective discourse rules and purposes [5].
A discourse machine translation system performs a series of steps like tokenization, POS (parts of
speech) tagging, parsing, reordering, reference resolution and finally, verb suffix mapping to
achieve meaningful translations preserving the context. In this paper we discuss the importance of
verb suffix mapping.
2. VERB SUFFIXES IN TELUGU AND THEIR VARIATIONS
A verb expresses an action or state of being. Telugu verbs are formed by combining roots with
other grammatical information. Simple verbs in their finite forms are inflected for tense followed
by GNP endings or states. In order to indicate aspect and modality of verbs various auxiliaries are
employed
Ex: SL: Sita is singing
TL:
(Transliteration of Telugu script to English): sIta pATa pADuchunnadi
Verbs in Telugu are inflected for gender, number, person and tense. The structure of a verb is
given in Fig 1.
Fig. 1: Structure of Telugu Verb
3. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 145
pADuchunnADu is a verb whose root verb is ‘pADu’. ‘chunnADu’ is a suffix added to the main
verb to indicate the tense and feature agreement. ‘chunnA’ indicates the present tense and ‘Du’
indicates the GNP as Male, singular and third person. The structure of the verb ‘pADuchunnADu’
is shown in Fig 2. Similarly pADuchunnadi is a verb which inflects for tense and GNP using the
suffixes, ‘chunnA’ and ‘di’, Fig 3.
Fig. 2: pADuchunnADu Fig. 3: pADuchunnadi
2.1 Subject Verb Agreement in English and Telugu
Subject-verb agreement is found in many languages, yet the degree of agreement varies
considerably. In English, correspondence of a verb with its subject lies in person and number
features. In Telugu language, the verb agrees with subject in gender, number and person i.e. when
the subject is a third person personal pronoun, the verb agrees with subject in gender number
person for remaining pronouns as subjects the verb agrees with them in person and number
features only. Telugu language has got its own set of agreement rules.
• In Telugu language a finite verb exhibits agreement with nominative form of a noun in
gender, number and person
Ex: SL: Boy is singing
TL: .
Transliteration: ammAyi pADuchunnadi.
SL: Girl is singing
TL: .
Transliteration: abbAyi pADuchunnADu
• All non-pronominal subjects are considered to be in 3rd person. When subject is in third
person and singular in number, both feminine and neuter genders have same verb suffixes
4. 146 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
and for masculine gender verb suffix would be different. When subject is in third person
and plural in number, both masculine and feminine genders have same verb suffixes but
for neuter gender the suffixes of verbs differ as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Change of Verb suffixes with GNP features of Subject
English Telugu Gender Number Verb Suffix
Girl is singing Girl, F S
Radio is singing Radio, N S
Boy is singing Boy, M S
Boys are eating !" #$ Boys, M P #$
Girls are eating !" %& ' #$. Girls, F P #$
Dogs are eating к"к)!" %& ' Dogs, N P
3. VERB SUFFIX MAPPING
Agreement of gender number person (GNP) is realized in two cases in subject verb agreement
and agreement of anaphoric pronoun with its antecedent [6]. After Anaphora generation next step
is verb suffix mapping. If the anaphora is at subject position, the verb of that sentence should
agree with the anaphora. In Telugu language verb inflects for gender, number and person.
Subject-Verb agreement rules of Telugu are discussed in detail in section 1. After anaphora
generation, grammatical gender and number information of the pronoun are required for verb
suffix change.
Table 2: Third person Pronouns marking gender in English and Telugu
Pronouns in English Mark gender Pronouns in Telugu Mark gender
He Yes Yes
She Yes *+ Yes
It Yes Yes
They No , #$, - Yes
5. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 147
3.1 Verb Dependency on Anaphors
English verbs are not strongly inflected. The only inflected forms are third person singular simple
present in –s, a simple past form, a past participle form, a present participle and gerund form in
-ing. Most verbs inflect in a simple regular fashion. There are some irregular verbs with irregular
past and past particle forms. If pronoun is the subject then the auxiliary verb should agree with
the number and person features of the subject.
Telugu verbs are formed by combining roots with other grammatical information. Simple verbs in
their finite forms are inflected for tense followed by GNP endings or states. In order to indicate
aspect and modality of verbs various auxiliaries are employed [7].
The structure of the verb will be like Verb stem+ Tense Suffix+ GNP Suffix. When a pronoun is
the subject of a sentence, the verbs agrees in person, number, and when using third person agrees
with gender also [8].
The verb inflections should agree with gender and number features of the subject, noun. Though
Telugu nouns have three genders and two numbers the verb suffixes change in a different way. In
singular number, feminine and neuter nouns have the same verb suffixes but masculine nouns
have different verb suffixes. In plural numbers masculine and feminine nouns have same GNP
endings, but for neuter nouns they differ. The suffixes for the verb ‘go’ are shown in the Table 3.
Table 3: Suffixes of verb ‘go’ for different GNP features
Person
Singular Plural
Pronoun Verb (go/goes) Pronoun Verb (go)
1 I ( . ) (M/F/N) ,/012 We (*3 4) (M/F/N) ,/012 4
2 You (567) (M/F/N) ,/8267 You (9#$) (M/F/N) ,/01: #$
3
He ( )(M)
She ( *+) (F)
It ( ) (N)
,/01:
,/;2&
,/;2&
They (, #$)(M/F)
They ( -) (N)
,/01: #$
,/012
3.2 Verb Patterns
Basic verb phrase patterns in English and their corresponding Telugu translations were shown in
table 4. It can be noticed that any verb phrase in Telugu will end with VBD (Past tense)/ VBZ (3rd
person singular)/ VBP (non 3rd
person singular)/ MD (Modal)/ have/has/ had/ am/ is/ are/ was/
were, Table 4. Depending on the GNP features of the anaphor the last word of a verb phrase
should change its suffix.
6. 148 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Table 4.9: Verb Patterns in English and Telugu
English Pattern Telugu Pattern Example English Telugu Translation
Single word verbs
VBZ VBZ He goes. ,/0<2 .
VBP VBP We see. *3 4 => 4.
VBD VBD I left. . ,/;2%?.
Two word verb Phrases
MD+VB VB+MD I will stay. . @& A! .
have/has/had+VBN VBN+ have/has/had I have gone.
She has gone.
. ,/;2 @ .
*+ ,/;2 @ .
am +VBG VBG + am I am going . ,/8B2 = @ .
is/are +VBG VBG + is/are They are going , #$ ,/8B2 = @ #$.
was/were +VBG VBG+ was/were He was going. ,/8B2 = @& .
am+ VBN VBN + am I am done . CD E .
is/are +VBN VBN+ is/are He is released - F! CDG @ .
was/were +VBN VBN + was/were She was forgiven. *+ HI& @& .
Three word Verb Phrases
MD+have+VBN VBN + have + MD I could have danced . @& A! .
MD+be+VBG VBG+ be+ MD She should be
arriving
*+ 6 J = @& 6!K .
MD+be+VBN VBN+ be + MD He must be stopped LM @& 6!K .
7. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 149
English Pattern Telugu Pattern Example English Telugu Translation
have+been+VBG VBG + been + have We have been
travelling
*3 4 NG O 4 CDG4 = @&
@ 4.
has+been+VBG VBG + been + has She has been
travelling
*+ NG O 4 CDG4 = @&
@ .
had+been+VBG VBG + been + had It had been raining Pк) 6 MQ& = @&
@& A!F .
have+been+VBN VBN+ been + have I have been waited . ? RST=U @& @ .
has+been+VBN VBN+ been + has She has been
tortured
*+ ,.V& @& @ .
had+been+VBN VBN+ been + had He had been
tortured
,.V& @& @&
A! .
am+being+VBG VBN+ being+ am I am being groomed . ! W& @& X @ .
is/are+being+VBG VBN+ being+ is/are It is being discussed M)& @& X @ .
was/were+being+V
BG
VBN+being+was/w
ere
They were being
interrogated
, #$ NY & @& X @& M.
Four word verb phrases
MD+have+been+V
BG
VBG+
been+have+MD
It should have been
raining
к) 6 MQ& = @& @&
6!K .
MD+have+been+V
BN
VBN+been+have+
MD
It should have been
rained
к) 6 MQ& @& @&
6!K .
MD+be+being+VB
N
VBN+being+be+M
D
It may be being
discussed.
M)& @& @& A!F .
8. 150 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
4. VERB SUFFIX DEPENDENCY ON GNP FEATURES OF NOUN
Change the verb suffix according to the GNP features of a Noun and corresponding Pronoun.
Ex:1 SL: Students came to the zoo. They are watching birds.
TL: ZE!:!" [& NF# > ! ]^ 6_J M. , #$ `! = #$.
pillalu ja.mtu pradarshana shAla ki vachchiri. vAru pakshulanu chUchu chunnAru.
Ex:2 SL: Monkeys are in the zoo. They are doing mischief
TL: ]a !" [& NF# > ! !b @ -. - !: M CDG4 -.
kOtulu ja.mtu pradarshana shAla lo unnavi. avi allari cheyu chunnavi.
Ex:3 SL: AC is not working properly. It is making loud noise.
TL: c ? CdG4e !fF . A ghL 7i CDG4 .
EsI pani cheyyuTa lEdu. adi gaTTigA chappuDu chEyu chunnadi.
Ex:4 SL: AC is not working properly. Can the engineer repair it?
TL: c ? CdGe 4 !fF . P&[5#$ ? A4 CDG A! ?
EsI pani cheyyaDamu lEdu. i.mjanIru dAnni bAgu chEya galaDA?
In example 1 ‘they’ refers to ‘students’. The GNP features of students being (M/F, P, 3), ‘they’ is
translated as ‘, #$’ and accordingly verb ‘are’ is translated as ‘ #$’. In example 2 ‘they’
refers to monkeys. The GNP features of monkeys being (N, P, 3) ‘they’ is translated as ‘ -’ and
accordingly verb ‘are’ is translated as ‘ -’.
In examples 3 and 4, ‘it’ is the anaphor referring to a third person, singular pronoun of neuter
gender, ‘AC’. The grammatical role of ‘it’ in both examples differ. In example 3 the anaphor is at
subjective position and in example 4 the anaphor is at objective position. In English language
same pronoun ‘it’ will be used at both subjective and objective positions. But in Telugu language
two different pronouns are used for different grammatical roles. ‘ ’ is used for subjective and
‘ ? ’ is used for objective role. Consequently the verbs in the two sentences are CDG4 ,
CDG A! respectively.
9. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 151
5. CONCLUSION
Translating texts may not be a new concept but translating texts preserving the context is an area
of research which has been explored very little. Generally, the translations lack the flair of SL
because of the lexical and syntactical differences of the language pairs involved in the translation.
Discourse oriented MT makes the translations more natural in MT systems. The present paper
discusses the importance of verb suffix mapping in the Anaphora resolutions and generation from
English to Telugu language. The concept can be applied to many of the foreign languages.
REFERENCES
[1] Claude Bedard (2008), “Suddenly its Discourse Analysis”, Language Technology 13, May-June 1989
[2] T. Suryakanthi, Kamlesh Sharma (2015) “Discourse Translation from English to Telugu” In
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Women in Computing and Informatics (WCI-
15), ACM publishers
[3] Jes´us Peral, Antonio Ferr´andez (2003) “Translation of Pronominal Anaphora between English and
Spanish: Discrepancies and Evaluation” Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Vol.18 pp. 117-
147
[4] T. Suryakanthi, Dr. S.V.A.V Prasad, Dr. T.V Prasad, “Translation of Pronominal Anaphora from
English to Telugu Language”, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and
Applications, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013
[5] Hauenschild C., (1988) Discourse structure - some implications for Machine Translation, Proc. of
Conf. on New Directions in Machine Translation, Budapest, August 18-19 Dodrecht-Holland
[6] Abdel-Aal Attia Mohammed, (2002) “Implications of the Agreement Features in Machine
Translation”, M.A Thesis, Faculty of Languages and Translation, Al-Azhar Univ.
[7] Krishnamurti, Bh., (1985) A Grammar of Modern Telugu, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
[8] Henry Arden Albert, (1905) A Progressive Grammar of the Telugu Language With Copious
Examples And Exercises, S.P.C.K Press, India.
AUTHORS
Dr. S. Tangirala earned her master’s degree in computer applications in 2006 from
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India and doctoral degree in 2014 from
Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, India. She has worked for around 2 years in
software industry and has been teaching for 5 years at University Level. She was
Assistant Professor of Computer Applications at Lingaya’s University and worked
as Fellow at Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana. Currently she is working with
University of Botswana. She has 17 research papers to her credit in various
international conferences and journals. Her current research interests include
Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Machine Translation, Big data
analytics and Theory of automata.