A technique for designing an Intelligent PID controller using Very Large Scale Integrated circuits VLSI is presented. The PID controller parameters are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization PSO algorithm, which identifies errors and controls the system with multiple iterations of different parameters. The optimization process focuses on parameters such as gain, delay, lag, and various times to solve problems. To evaluate the systems performance, a new function that includes system adjusting time, rise time, overshoot, and system error is defined. The circuits are tested and implemented as intelligent PID controllers on VLSI devices in a laboratory plant. The algorithm applied to the PID controller reduces iterations and enables rapid control action, resulting in improved system time delay and performance. The optimization technique is applied to improve the systems response. Finally, the Intelligent PID controller is implemented in FPGA. C. Sinduja | Mrs. P. Thenmozhi "Implementation of PID Controller PWM Module on FPGA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59966.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/59966/implementation-of-pid-controller-pwm-module-on-fpga/c-sinduja
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of Fuzzy PID controller to control DC motor with zero overshootIJERA Editor
Most of the real time operation based physical system, digital PID is used in field such as servo-motor/dc
motor/temperature control system, robotics, power electronics etc. need to interface with high speed constraints,
higher density PLD’s such as FPGA used to integrate several logics on single IC. There are some limitations in
it to overcome these limitations Fuzzy logic is introduced with PID and Fuzzy PID is formed. This paper
explains experimental design of Fuzzy PID controller. We aimed to make controller power efficient, more
compact, and zero overshoot. MATLAB is used to design PID controller to calculate and plot the time response
of the control system and Simulink to generate a set of coefficients.
The document summarizes research on VLSI based induction motor speed control using an auto-tune PID controller. It discusses using a VLSI chip to implement PID control algorithms and auto-tuning of the PID parameters using the successive approximation method. This would provide a standalone speed control solution for induction motors. The proposed approach aims to reduce costs and improve flexibility compared to existing motor control systems that require separate hardware and software platforms.
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One of the important criteria of the modern cars is digital control of the vehicle. Because of the quick development of embedded technology, the high performance embedded processor is inserted into auto industry it has low cost, high reliability and other features that meet the needs of modern automobile industry. In this project we have introduced an embedded system which is a combination of different CAN bus systems. Aasiya Aslam Tamboli | Prof. Sunil S. Shivdas "Observations of can Bus Control System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18897.pdf
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of Fuzzy PID controller to control DC motor with zero overshootIJERA Editor
Most of the real time operation based physical system, digital PID is used in field such as servo-motor/dc
motor/temperature control system, robotics, power electronics etc. need to interface with high speed constraints,
higher density PLD’s such as FPGA used to integrate several logics on single IC. There are some limitations in
it to overcome these limitations Fuzzy logic is introduced with PID and Fuzzy PID is formed. This paper
explains experimental design of Fuzzy PID controller. We aimed to make controller power efficient, more
compact, and zero overshoot. MATLAB is used to design PID controller to calculate and plot the time response
of the control system and Simulink to generate a set of coefficients.
The document summarizes research on VLSI based induction motor speed control using an auto-tune PID controller. It discusses using a VLSI chip to implement PID control algorithms and auto-tuning of the PID parameters using the successive approximation method. This would provide a standalone speed control solution for induction motors. The proposed approach aims to reduce costs and improve flexibility compared to existing motor control systems that require separate hardware and software platforms.
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The document discusses using Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for industrial automation and safety. CAN protocol allows for efficient and real-time communication between controllers. The proposed system uses sensors like temperature, gas leakage and light intensity sensors connected to microcontrollers to monitor these parameters. If any parameter exceeds a threshold, corrective actions like activating motors or buzzers are taken. CAN protocol provides high-speed and reliable data transmission between nodes. This ensures safety in industry by enabling monitoring and control of critical parameters.
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This document describes the simulation and modeling of a 3-floor elevator system using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The authors created ladder logic programs to control the elevator's movement, door opening and closing, and response to call buttons. They used software like Siemens PLCSIM, TIA Portal and Step 7 to program a Siemens S-Series PLC and simulate the system. The simulation was able to move the virtual elevator car between floors and open and close the doors appropriately in response to inputs. While functional, the authors noted areas that could be improved like adding weight sensors for safety and load balancing. Overall, the document outlines the methodology, components, and results of the authors' effort to model a
One of the important criteria of the modern cars is digital control of the vehicle. Because of the quick development of embedded technology, the high performance embedded processor is inserted into auto industry it has low cost, high reliability and other features that meet the needs of modern automobile industry. In this project we have introduced an embedded system which is a combination of different CAN bus systems. Aasiya Aslam Tamboli | Prof. Sunil S. Shivdas "Observations of can Bus Control System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18897.pdf
Development of Software for Estimation of Structural Dynamic Characteristics ...IRJET Journal
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This document describes the design and implementation of a PID controller using HDL on an FPGA to control a line following car. A PID controller algorithm was programmed in C++ and stored on the FPGA chip to control the speed of motors on the car based on sensor input. The car consists of three boards: a main DE0-Nano FPGA board, a Smart Car Daughter board with motor drivers and sensors, and a sensor board with 7 photo interrupters to track a dark line. The PID controller was implemented on the FPGA to offer benefits like parallel processing and high speed for real-time control of the car's motors to follow the line.
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This document describes the design and implementation of a self-balancing two-wheeled robot controlled by a feed-forward backpropagation neural network. The robot uses an Arduino, gyroscope, accelerometer, and two DC motors. Two control approaches are tested: a PID controller and a feed-forward neural network trained using backpropagation. Testing found the neural network approach learned to balance with fewer oscillations and was more elegant than the PID controller. The neural network demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence for complex learning tasks.
This document describes the retrofitting of a conventional lathe machine to create a smart lathe machine. Sensors and actuators are connected to microcontrollers like Arduino UNO and NodeMCU to monitor parameters like workpiece dimensions, chuck speed, motor temperature, and distance between the headstock and tailstock. This allows inspection of the workpiece without removing it and improves accuracy, efficiency, and production rates while reducing costs compared to a manual lathe. Testing showed the smart lathe saved 20 minutes of time per workpiece and could produce 3 more pieces in the same time period as a conventional lathe.
Camera Movement Control using PID Controller in LabVIEWijtsrd
The aim of this system is to show how position of the dc motor can be controlled by using PID algorithm in LabVIEW for camera movement. Arduino microcontroller board is used to control the DC motor. L298N dual H Bridge motor driver is used to drive the DC motor and to execute the pulse width modulation PWM signal. Proportional Integral Derivative PID is the most common control algorithm used in industrial applications and other control system. DC motor will be interfaced with LabVIEW using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The position of the DC motor will be set by creating a Graphic User Interface GUI in LabVIEW. LabVIEW GUI sends serial command to the microcontroller for driving PWM pins of the DC motor . DC motor will move by the user in LabVIEW for position control. The output is sent back to the PID controller in Uno microcontroller. PID compares the actual position of the DC motor with the desired position. In this system, PID controller is used to reduce the error and rotate the motor to the set point value for the camera movement control. Than Myint Kyi | Kyaw Zin Latt "Camera Movement Control using PID Controller in LabVIEW" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26397.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26397/camera-movement-control-using-pid-controller-in-labview/than-myint-kyi
Passenger Vehicle Speed Control using PID on Simulink Platform and Body Contr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes improvements to passenger vehicle technology using modern embedded systems. It describes five applications: 1) Using a PID controller in MATLAB Simulink to control vehicle speed, 2) Adding obstacle detection and automated speed variation, 3) Adding vehicle surveillance using a Raspberry Pi camera, 4) Monitoring interior temperature and humidity using IoT, and 5) Adding a moisture sensor for safe driving assistance. The results of each application are discussed and figures are provided to illustrate simulations and setups. In conclusion, incorporating embedded systems can significantly enhance vehicle functionality, automation, safety, and driving ability.
We used gas sensor MQ-5 and temperature sensor and raspberry pi.
Things speak cloud services for mobile notification and also analysed the data by using MATLAB code to generate graph.
PC Based DC Motor Speed Control using PID for Laboratoryijtsrd
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2) An experiment was conducted where the target and actual motor speeds were monitored on the GUI as the PID gains were adjusted. The system provides a way for students to learn about PID control and gain tuning for DC motor speed control.
3) Key hardware components include an Arduino Uno, L298N motor driver, encoder-equipped DC motor, and C# software for the PID GUI interface. The PID
Design and Implementation of Multi-SCADA System for Drone-Based Reliability R...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a multi-SCADA system for drone-based reliability response. A SCADA system was developed to transport data between drones equipped with sensors and a control system. A Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol was used to enable bi-directional communication between hardware components like drones, sensors, and software systems. The system was tested at an electric utility training site, demonstrating continuous updating of sensor data from drones to the SCADA user interface in real-time. The MQTT protocol was determined to be effective for this low-power sensor network due to its support for resource-constrained devices.
IRJET- Automatic Engine Locking System through Alcohol Detection in Ardui...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system to automatically lock a vehicle's engine if the driver is detected to be over the legal alcohol limit. The system uses an Arduino board connected to an MQ3 alcohol sensor, GSM module, LCD display, and DC motor. If the sensor detects alcohol levels above the limit when the engine is started, it will send a notification message via GSM, display a message on the LCD, and trigger the motor to lock, preventing the vehicle from being driven under the influence of alcohol. The goal is to increase road safety by preventing drunk driving accidents. It proposes hardware and software requirements and provides examples of potential future enhancements like GPS and health monitoring.
IRJET - Better Monitoring and Fault Response of Motor Drive using SMTP of ScadaIRJET Journal
This document describes a project to better monitor and respond to faults in motor drives using SCADA and SMTP. The system uses a Siemens PLC to monitor and control a Siemens variable frequency drive connected to an induction motor. SCADA software acquires data from the PLC and sends emails using SMTP to notify users of any drive faults or parameter changes. This allows remote monitoring and control of the industrial process, reducing site visits and labor costs. The system aims to minimize downtime by responding quickly to emergencies through email alerts.
IRJET- A Study of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Graphical User Int...IRJET Journal
This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their use in industrial automation. It provides an overview of PLC components like the CPU, input/output modules, power supply, and communication bus. PLC programming is typically done using ladder logic and software like RS Logix 500. The document also presents some industrial control applications of PLCs and concludes that teaching PLC fundamentals to students using inexpensive hardware and software platforms is an effective way to help them understand industrial automation concepts.
This document describes a wireless bomb disposal robot designed to assist bomb squads. The robot uses an Android mobile device for control via Bluetooth and has sensors to detect explosive materials. It has a robotic arm, cameras for visual feedback, and is designed to provide safety for bomb squads by allowing disposal of bombs from a distance. The robot's hardware includes an ATmega16 microcontroller, Bluetooth module, motors, sensors for explosive detection, and a camera for visual feedback to the mobile device. The goal is to provide an extra layer of protection for bomb disposal squads.
IRJET - IoT based Speed Control of DC Motor using PWM TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based system to control the speed of a DC motor using PWM technique. An android application is developed to send control signals over the internet to a microcontroller connected to the motor. The microcontroller uses PWM waves generated by an ATMEGA328 chip to control the duty cycle and voltage supplied to the motor from a driver IC, regulating its speed. Key components include a voltage regulator, LCD display, and WiFi module to interface the microcontroller with the cloud and mobile application for remote monitoring and control of the DC motor speed.
Power point presentation on Industrial AutomationJaiPrakash337
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on industrial automation. It discusses automation tools like PLCs and SCADA used to automate industrial processes. It defines automation and describes the advantages it provides like improved accuracy, reduced costs, and increased production. PLCs are described as programmable devices that can automate industrial tasks by reading sensor inputs, running user-defined logic, and controlling outputs. SCADA systems allow remote monitoring and control of distributed industrial processes. The document outlines the components and applications of PLCs and SCADA and concludes that combining them provides an effective way to safely operate and monitor industrial machines.
IRJET-A Study of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Graphical User Inte...IRJET Journal
This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their use in industrial automation. It begins with an abstract that outlines how PLCs are widely used to control industrial machines and presents experiments for students to learn about various PLC applications. The next sections describe the basic components of a PLC system, including input/output modules, the central processing unit, and programming software. Ladder logic programming is discussed as a common method to control PLCs. The document concludes that the presented educational approach on PLCs is effective for teaching students about industrial automation and control systems.
Review Report on SOC on Various Platforms for VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a system on chip (SOC) to control various functions in a vehicle. It first provides background on SOC and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It then reviews previous research on developing microcontroller-based systems for vehicle ventilation, windshield wiper control, and a car black box data recorder. The proposed SOC design will integrate a controller, memory, and I/O peripherals on a single chip using an FPGA. It will control multiple vehicle functions and make the system simpler and more efficient than separate controllers. The design will be implemented and tested on the Xilinx FPGA platform and ISIM simulator.
Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document describes a system on chip (SOC) architecture used in an industrial control system for a hydraulic damper test bench. The system uses a 32-bit ARM920T microcontroller as the digital controller. It interfaces with sensors, actuators, and other peripherals on a single printed circuit board. Software is developed in LabVIEW to implement PID control of the hydraulic damper testing process. Simulation results showed that the ARM920T-based electronic module provided more effective, lower cost and higher accuracy control compared to previous mechanical systems.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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IRJET- A Study of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Graphical User Int...IRJET Journal
This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their use in industrial automation. It provides an overview of PLC components like the CPU, input/output modules, power supply, and communication bus. PLC programming is typically done using ladder logic and software like RS Logix 500. The document also presents some industrial control applications of PLCs and concludes that teaching PLC fundamentals to students using inexpensive hardware and software platforms is an effective way to help them understand industrial automation concepts.
This document describes a wireless bomb disposal robot designed to assist bomb squads. The robot uses an Android mobile device for control via Bluetooth and has sensors to detect explosive materials. It has a robotic arm, cameras for visual feedback, and is designed to provide safety for bomb squads by allowing disposal of bombs from a distance. The robot's hardware includes an ATmega16 microcontroller, Bluetooth module, motors, sensors for explosive detection, and a camera for visual feedback to the mobile device. The goal is to provide an extra layer of protection for bomb disposal squads.
IRJET - IoT based Speed Control of DC Motor using PWM TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based system to control the speed of a DC motor using PWM technique. An android application is developed to send control signals over the internet to a microcontroller connected to the motor. The microcontroller uses PWM waves generated by an ATMEGA328 chip to control the duty cycle and voltage supplied to the motor from a driver IC, regulating its speed. Key components include a voltage regulator, LCD display, and WiFi module to interface the microcontroller with the cloud and mobile application for remote monitoring and control of the DC motor speed.
Power point presentation on Industrial AutomationJaiPrakash337
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on industrial automation. It discusses automation tools like PLCs and SCADA used to automate industrial processes. It defines automation and describes the advantages it provides like improved accuracy, reduced costs, and increased production. PLCs are described as programmable devices that can automate industrial tasks by reading sensor inputs, running user-defined logic, and controlling outputs. SCADA systems allow remote monitoring and control of distributed industrial processes. The document outlines the components and applications of PLCs and SCADA and concludes that combining them provides an effective way to safely operate and monitor industrial machines.
IRJET-A Study of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Graphical User Inte...IRJET Journal
This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and their use in industrial automation. It begins with an abstract that outlines how PLCs are widely used to control industrial machines and presents experiments for students to learn about various PLC applications. The next sections describe the basic components of a PLC system, including input/output modules, the central processing unit, and programming software. Ladder logic programming is discussed as a common method to control PLCs. The document concludes that the presented educational approach on PLCs is effective for teaching students about industrial automation and control systems.
Review Report on SOC on Various Platforms for VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a system on chip (SOC) to control various functions in a vehicle. It first provides background on SOC and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It then reviews previous research on developing microcontroller-based systems for vehicle ventilation, windshield wiper control, and a car black box data recorder. The proposed SOC design will integrate a controller, memory, and I/O peripherals on a single chip using an FPGA. It will control multiple vehicle functions and make the system simpler and more efficient than separate controllers. The design will be implemented and tested on the Xilinx FPGA platform and ISIM simulator.
Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document describes a system on chip (SOC) architecture used in an industrial control system for a hydraulic damper test bench. The system uses a 32-bit ARM920T microcontroller as the digital controller. It interfaces with sensors, actuators, and other peripherals on a single printed circuit board. Software is developed in LabVIEW to implement PID control of the hydraulic damper testing process. Simulation results showed that the ARM920T-based electronic module provided more effective, lower cost and higher accuracy control compared to previous mechanical systems.
Similar to Implementation of PID Controller PWM Module on FPGA (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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that utilizing FPGA has several advantages, including
high speed, flexibility in design, and high reliability.
III. PID CONTROLLER IN A FPGA
The aim of this study is to develop a microclimate
monitoring system for precision agriculture using
Zigbee technology. This system consists of sensor
nodes that measure air temperature and humidity in a
large area. The nodes are connected in a cluster tree
topology, allowing for a long-distance
communication range of up to 1 mile. Each node
contains a microcontroller unit, air temperature and
humidity sensors, and a solar cell for energy supply.
An energy management scheme is implemented to
optimize power use, and data is sent to a receiver
every 8-30 minutes. The data is stored on a data-
logging PC and displayed on a website for real-time
monitoring. The use of Zigbee technology provides
low cost, low power consumption, and flexible
architecture for wireless networking of field sensors
in precision agriculture.
IV. EXISTING SYSTEM
The purpose of this demonstration is to showcase the
implementation of a PID controller in the Main.cpp
using C++ code on the Altera NIOS II Processor. The
code utilizes the proportional and derivative modes of
the PID controller to generate a new output value
based on the error input. The output value is then
used to control the LeftSpeed and Right-Speed of the
two motors on the A-Cute Car. The kp and kd values
are set to 1.0 and 8.0 respectively, with ki set to 0.0.
The LTC2308 IP is used to read eight digitized values
from the LTC2308 ADC chip through a high-speed
SPI bus. These values include one for the input power
voltage and seven sensor values from the sensor
board containing seven Photo Interrupters used to
track dark lines on a white background. The PWM IP
controls the rotation speed and direction of the DC
motor, with each motor controlled by a PWM
controller. The 1K waveform IP generates a 1M
frequency to drive the buzzer, and the associated
GPIO controls the beep sounds on or off switch. The
left and right lamps are directly controlled by the
GPIO IP, while the IR receiver decodes received IR
signals transmitted from the Terasic remote
controller.
Overall, the PID controller is a widely used control
loop feedback mechanism in industrial control
systems that combines proportional, integral, and
derivative modes to correct errors between measured
process variables and desired set points.
Figure I. Block Diagram Using Data Input And
Output Pwm Module
V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
To read eight digitized values from the LTC2308
ADC chip, the LTC2308 IP is used through a high-
speed SPI bus. These values include one for the input
power voltage and seven sensor values from the
sensor board containing seven Photo Interrupters used
to track dark lines on a white background. Control
loops are used almost everywhere now a day.
Anytime we adjust our current works according to the
results obtained in previous results we form a control
loop. For example, when we feel cold and turn our
heater on we form a feedback loop, and when we
press the accelerator of a car whenever we are getting
late we again for a control loop. Whenever we change
make any change in environment by sensing the
previous results of that process we form a closed
control loop in our mind. Changing the speed of the
car is one of the best examples.
The PWM IP controls the rotation speed and direction
of the DC motor, with each motor controlled by a
PWM controller.
Figure II. Digital PWM Module
Figure III. PID Control of unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs)
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PID Control System Design and Automatic Tuning
using MATLAB/Simulink introduces PID control
system structures, sensitivity analysis, PID control
design, implementation with constraints, disturbance
observer-based PID control, gain scheduled PID
control systems, cascade PID control systems, PID
control design for complex systems, automatic tuning
and applications of PID control to unmanned aerial
vehicles. It also presents resonant control systems
relevant to many engineering applications. The
implementation of PID control and resonant control
highlights how to deal with operational constraints.
PID Control System Design and Automatic Tuning
using MATLAB/Simulink is intended for
undergraduate electrical, chemical, mechanical, and
aerospace engineering students, and will greatly
benefit postgraduate students, researchers, and
industrial personnel who work with control systems
and their applications.
Figure IV. PID Control of unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs)
VI. PWM MODULE
The purpose of this demonstration is to showcase the
use of PWM as a technique for delivering power to a
circuit in a precise and controlled manner. PWM
involves modulating the duty cycle of a signal source
to provide logic "1" and "0" for a controlled period of
time. The block diagram of the PWM generator is
shown above, with an N-bit data word as input
corresponding to the actual PWM duty cycle.
The register stores the input (set value) and outputs it
when the load input is high. This output is then
compared with the N-bit counter value using a
comparator. When these two values become equal,
the comparator output is used to reset the R/S latch
output. When the counter overflows, the load signal
goes high and the latch output is set to high.
PWM is a widely used technique in various
applications, including motor control, lighting
control, and power electronics. Its ability to provide
precise and controlled power delivery makes it an
essential tool for many industries.
VII. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
MATLAB is used in every facet of computational
mathematics. Following are some commonly used
mathematical calculations where it is used most
commonly Dealing with Matrices and Arrays
2-D and 3-D Plotting and graphics Linear Algebra
Algebraic Equations
Non-linear Functions
Statistics
Data Analysis
Calculus and Differential Equations
Numerical Calculations
Integration
Transforms
Curve Fitting
Various other special functions
MATLAB is a high-level language and interactive
environment for numerical computation,
visualization, and programming. Using MATLAB,
you can analyze data, develop algorithms, and create
models and applications. The language, tools, and
built-in math functions enable you to explore multiple
approaches and reach a solution faster than with
spreadsheets or traditional programming languages,
such as C/C++ or Java. You can use MATLAB for a
range of applications, including signal processing and
communications, image and video processing, control
systems, test and measurement, computational
finance, and computational biology.
Figure V. Matlab Window
VIII. THE MATLAB ENVIRONMENT
The MATLAB environment (on most computer
systems) consists of menus, buttons and a writing
area similar to an ordinary word processor. There are
plenty of help functions that you are encouraged to
use. The writing area that you will see when you start
MATLAB is called the command window. In this
window you give the commands to MATLAB. For
example, when you want to run a program you have
written for MATLAB you start the program in the
command window by typing its name at the prompt.
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The command window is also useful if you just want
to use MATLAB as a scientific calculator or as a
graphing tool. If you write longer programs, you will
find it more convenient to write the program code in a
separate window, and then run it in the command
window (discussed in Intro to programming).
Figure VI. Phase Crossover Frequency
A. Variables
Variables are defined using the assignment operator,
=. MATLAB is a weakly typed programming
language. It is a weakly typed language because types
are implicitly converted. It is a dynamically typed
language because variables can be assigned without
declaring their type, except if they are to be treated as
symbolic objects, and that their type can change.
Values can come from constants, from computation
involving values of other variables, or from the output
of a function.
B. Vectors/matrices
As suggested by its name (a contraction of "Matrix
Laboratory"), MATLAB can create and manipulate
arrays of 1 (vectors), 2 (matrices), or more
dimensions. In the MATLAB vernacular, a vector
refers to a one dimensional (1×N or N×1) matrix,
commonly referred to as an array in other
programming languages. A matrix generally refers to
a 2- dimensional array, i.e. an m×n array where m and
n are greater than 1. Arrays with more than two
dimensions are referred to as multidimensional
arrays. Arrays are a fundamental type and many
standard functions natively support array operations
allowing work on arrays without explicit loops.
IX. FPGA SIMULATION
MATLAB has structure data types. Since all variables
in MATLAB are arrays, a more adequate name is
"structure array", where each element of the array has
the same field names. In addition, MATLAB supports
dynamic field names (field look-ups by name, field
manipulations, etc.). Unfortunately, MATLAB JIT
does not support MATLAB structures, therefore just a
simple bundling of various variables into a structure
will come at a cost.
Figure VI. Root Locus Output
X. OUTPUT
%% Experiment: To plot the Bode plots of given
Systems
clc; close all; clearvars;
%% Q7: Find the Gain 'K' for which Gain Cross over
Frequncy is '5 rad/sec'
% Ans: Gain K = 0.056, as seen from Bode plot
(Solution in Assignment)
% 0.056 s^2
% ---------------------- <== System 1
% 0.004 s^2 + 0.22 s + 1
Num1 = [0.056 0 0]; % Numerator Coeffcients
Den1 = [0.2 1]; %Denominator factor 1
Coefficients
Den2 = [0.02 1]; %Denominator factor 2
Coefficients
Tofs1 = tf(Num1,conv(Den1,Den2));
%Creation of System
figure(1)
margin(Tofs1) %Plots the Bode Plot and also gives
the "Gain Crossover Frequency"
%% Q8: Find the Phase Crossover Frequency
% Ans = 9.976 (Theoretically), Verified from bode
plot
% 1000
% ------------------------------- <== System 2
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% s^3 + 24.95 s^2 + 99.53 s + 999
Num2 = 1000; %Numerator Coeffcients
Den3 = [1 22.5]; %Denominator factor 1 Coefficients
Den4 = [1 2.45 44.4]; %Denominator factor 2
Coefficients
Tofs2 = tf(Num2,conv(Den3,Den4));
%Creation of System
figure(2)
margin(Tofs2) %Plots the Bode Plot and also gives
the "Phase Crossover Frequency"
Figure VII. PID Controller Response
Figure VIII. PID Controller Response
Figure IX. Blode Diagram
XI. CONCLUSION
The proposed system utilizes a FPGA-based design
approach to create a temperature control system. This
approach streamlines the design process for
embedded control designers, reducing development
time for efficient embedded software. The system
allows for software modeling and simulation in an
environment such as Matlab/Simulink, hardware
implementation, and post synthesis simulation of the
entire system. Future work includes implementing a
multiplierless digital PID controller using distributed
arithmetic architecture, offering high processing
speed, reduced power consumption, and hardware
compatibility for FPGA implementation.
XII. REFERENCE
[1] Wei Zhao, ByungHwa Kim, Amy C. Larson,
and Richard M. Voyles, “FPGA
Implementation of Closed loop control System
for Small Scale Robot”, In Proceedings., 12th
International conference on advanced robotics-
ICAR05, 2005, pp.70-77.
[2] Daijin Kim. “An implementation of Fuzzy
Logic Controller on the Reconfigurable FPGA
system”, IEEE transactions on Industrial
Electronics, Vol.47, No.3, 2000.
[3] Y. F. Chang, M. Moallm and W. Way,
“Efficient PID Controller Using FPGA”, IEEE
transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.35,
pp. 119-125.
[4] L. Samet, N. Masmoudi, M. W. Kharrat and L.
Kamoun, “A Digital PID Controller for Real
time and Multi Loop Control: a comparative
study”, in proceedings of 1998 IEEE
international Conference on Electronics
Circuits and Systems, Vol.1, 1998, pp. 291-
296.
[5] Paul Leisher, Christopher Meyers. Dr. T.
Stewart and Dr. G. Dempsey, “FPGA
Implementation of a PID controller with DC
Motor Application”, Bradley University, a
project report, 2002.
[6] Stephen Brown, “Digital logic design”, Tata
Mechgraw Hill publications, India, 2002.
[7] Rajesh Nema, Rajeev Thakur, and Ruchi
Gupta, ― Design & Implementation of FPGA
Based on PID Controller ‖, International Journal
of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES),
Volume-1, Issue-2, pp 14-16, January 2013.