In this Paper,the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self - manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric authentication,which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. In this paper,we present a novel software - based fake detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The obje ctive of the proposed system is to enhance the security of biometric recognition frameworks,by adding livens assessment in a fast,user - friendly,and non - intrusive manner,through the use of image quality assessment. The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity,which makes it suitable for real - time applications,using 25 general image quality features extracted from one image (i.e.,the same acquired for authentication purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. The experimental results,obtained on publicly available data sets of fingerprint,iris,and 2D face,show that the proposed method is highly competitive compared with other state - of - the - art approaches and that the analysis of the general image quality of rea l biometric samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake traits.
An SVM based Statistical Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric DetectionIJTET Journal
Abstract
A biometric system is a computer based system and is used to identify the person on their behavioral and logical characteristics such as (for example fingerprint, face, iris, keystroke, signature, voice, etc.).A typical biometric system consists of feature extraction and matching patterns. But nowadays biometric systems are attacked by using fake biometric samples. This paper described the fingerprint biometric techniques and also introduce the attack on that system and by using Image Quality Assessment for Liveness Detection to know how to protect the system from fake biometrics and also how the multi biometric system is more secure than uni-biometric system. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification technique is used for training and testing the fingerprint images. The testing onput fingerprint image is resulted as real and fake fingerprint image by quality score matching with the training based real and fake fingerprint samples.
IRJET-Gaussian Filter based Biometric System Security EnhancementIRJET Journal
M.Selvi, T.Manickam, C.N.Marimuthu"Gaussian Filter based Biometric System Security Enhancement", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
A novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. To ensure the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self-manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. To enhance the security of biometric recognition frameworks, by adding liveness assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner, through the use of image quality assessment.
The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 25 general image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for authentication purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. Multi-biometric and Multi-attack protection method which targets to overcome part of these limitations through the use of Image Quality Assessment (IQA).
Moreover, being software-based, it presents the usual advantages of this type of approaches: fast, as it only needs one image (i.e., the same sample acquired for biometric recognition) to detect whether it is real or fake, non-intrusive; user-friendly (transparent to the user), cheap and easy to embed in already functional systems and no hardware is required).
To ensure that the object presented in front of biometric device is real or reconstructed sample is a significant
problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. This
paper, presents a software-based fake biometric detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to
detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of
biometric recognition devices through the use of image quality assessment in a fast and user friendly manner. The
proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using
25 general image quality features extracted from one image to distinguish between real and imposed samples. The
proposed method is highly competitive compared with other as the analysis of the general image quality of real
biometric samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake
traits.
Robust Analysis of Multibiometric Fusion Versus Ensemble Learning Schemes: A ...CSCJournals
Identification of person using multiple biometric is very common approach used in existing user
validation of systems. Most of multibiometric system depends on fusion schemes, as much of the
fusion techniques have shown promising results in literature, due to the fact of combining multiple
biometric modalities with suitable fusion schemes. However, similar type of practices are found in
ensemble of classifiers, which increases the classification accuracy while combining different
types of classifiers. In this paper, we have evaluated comparative study of traditional fusion
methods like feature level and score level fusion with the well-known ensemble methods such as
bagging and boosting. Precisely, for our frame work experimentations, we have fused face and
palmprint modalities and we have employed probability model - Naive Bayes (NB), neural
network model - Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), supervised machine learning algorithm - Support
Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers for our experimentation. Nevertheless, machine learning
ensemble approaches namely, Boosting and Bagging are statistically well recognized. From
experimental results, in biometric fusion the traditional method, score level fusion is highly
recommended strategy than ensemble learning techniques.
A review on fake biometric detection system for various applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Now a days Security is a major concern for Scenario. So many securities are available but it should be reliable. A biometric system is a computer system which is related to the human characteristic. It is mainly used in identification and access control on their behavioral and physiological category. For example signature, voice, retina, key stroke, face, iris and fingerprint etc. This paper introduces a software base multi attack protection method which is based on various biometric modalities such as iris, face, signature and hand palm image.. This Hand palm technique is used for physical access. The real and fake images are identified by using image quality assessment (IQA) technique. Fake identities always have some different feature than original such as sharpness, different color, information quality etc. In this paper, liveness detection method is used. Which provide a very good performance and low degree of complexity. Also quality of Image is using two methods Full- Reference (FR) and No-Reference (NR). This image quality assessment (IQA) method is suitable for real time application which has been used for very low complexity. Keyword: Statistical Feature Extraction Biometric, Attack, Image Quality Assessment, Full-reference IQA, NO-Reference IQA,.
An SVM based Statistical Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric DetectionIJTET Journal
Abstract
A biometric system is a computer based system and is used to identify the person on their behavioral and logical characteristics such as (for example fingerprint, face, iris, keystroke, signature, voice, etc.).A typical biometric system consists of feature extraction and matching patterns. But nowadays biometric systems are attacked by using fake biometric samples. This paper described the fingerprint biometric techniques and also introduce the attack on that system and by using Image Quality Assessment for Liveness Detection to know how to protect the system from fake biometrics and also how the multi biometric system is more secure than uni-biometric system. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification technique is used for training and testing the fingerprint images. The testing onput fingerprint image is resulted as real and fake fingerprint image by quality score matching with the training based real and fake fingerprint samples.
IRJET-Gaussian Filter based Biometric System Security EnhancementIRJET Journal
M.Selvi, T.Manickam, C.N.Marimuthu"Gaussian Filter based Biometric System Security Enhancement", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
A novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. To ensure the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self-manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. To enhance the security of biometric recognition frameworks, by adding liveness assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner, through the use of image quality assessment.
The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 25 general image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for authentication purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. Multi-biometric and Multi-attack protection method which targets to overcome part of these limitations through the use of Image Quality Assessment (IQA).
Moreover, being software-based, it presents the usual advantages of this type of approaches: fast, as it only needs one image (i.e., the same sample acquired for biometric recognition) to detect whether it is real or fake, non-intrusive; user-friendly (transparent to the user), cheap and easy to embed in already functional systems and no hardware is required).
To ensure that the object presented in front of biometric device is real or reconstructed sample is a significant
problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. This
paper, presents a software-based fake biometric detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to
detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of
biometric recognition devices through the use of image quality assessment in a fast and user friendly manner. The
proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using
25 general image quality features extracted from one image to distinguish between real and imposed samples. The
proposed method is highly competitive compared with other as the analysis of the general image quality of real
biometric samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake
traits.
Robust Analysis of Multibiometric Fusion Versus Ensemble Learning Schemes: A ...CSCJournals
Identification of person using multiple biometric is very common approach used in existing user
validation of systems. Most of multibiometric system depends on fusion schemes, as much of the
fusion techniques have shown promising results in literature, due to the fact of combining multiple
biometric modalities with suitable fusion schemes. However, similar type of practices are found in
ensemble of classifiers, which increases the classification accuracy while combining different
types of classifiers. In this paper, we have evaluated comparative study of traditional fusion
methods like feature level and score level fusion with the well-known ensemble methods such as
bagging and boosting. Precisely, for our frame work experimentations, we have fused face and
palmprint modalities and we have employed probability model - Naive Bayes (NB), neural
network model - Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), supervised machine learning algorithm - Support
Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers for our experimentation. Nevertheless, machine learning
ensemble approaches namely, Boosting and Bagging are statistically well recognized. From
experimental results, in biometric fusion the traditional method, score level fusion is highly
recommended strategy than ensemble learning techniques.
A review on fake biometric detection system for various applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Now a days Security is a major concern for Scenario. So many securities are available but it should be reliable. A biometric system is a computer system which is related to the human characteristic. It is mainly used in identification and access control on their behavioral and physiological category. For example signature, voice, retina, key stroke, face, iris and fingerprint etc. This paper introduces a software base multi attack protection method which is based on various biometric modalities such as iris, face, signature and hand palm image.. This Hand palm technique is used for physical access. The real and fake images are identified by using image quality assessment (IQA) technique. Fake identities always have some different feature than original such as sharpness, different color, information quality etc. In this paper, liveness detection method is used. Which provide a very good performance and low degree of complexity. Also quality of Image is using two methods Full- Reference (FR) and No-Reference (NR). This image quality assessment (IQA) method is suitable for real time application which has been used for very low complexity. Keyword: Statistical Feature Extraction Biometric, Attack, Image Quality Assessment, Full-reference IQA, NO-Reference IQA,.
The increasing use of distributed authentication architecture
has made interoperability of systems an important issue. Interoperabil ity of systems affects the maturity of the technology and also improves confidence of users in the technology. Biometric systems are not immune to the concerns of interoperability. Interoperability of fingerprint sensors and its effect on the overall performance of the recognition system is an area of interest with a considerable amount of work directed
towards it. This research analyzed effects of interoperability on error rates for fingerprint datasets captured from two optical sensors and a capacitive sensor when using a single commercially available fingerprint
matching algorithm. The main aim of this research was to emulate a
centralized storage and matching architecture with multiple acquisition
stations. Fingerprints were collected from 44 individuals on all three sensors and interoperable False Reject Rates of less than .31% were achieved using two different enrolment strategies.
Feature Level Fusion of Multibiometric Cryptosystem in Distributed SystemIJMER
ABSTRACT: Multibiometrics is the combination of one or more biometrics (e.g., Fingerprint, Iris, and Face). Researchers
are focusing on how to provide security to the system, the template which was generated from the biometric need to be
protected. The problems of unimodal biometrics are solved by multibiometrics. The main objective is to provide a security to
the biometric template by generating a secure sketch by making use of multibiometric cryptosystem and which is stored in a
database. Once the biometric template is stolen it becomes a serious issue for the security of the system and also for user
privacy. In the existing approach, feature level fusion is used to combine the features securely with well-known biometric
cryptosystems namely fuzzy vault and fuzzy commitment. The drawbacks of existing system include accuracy of the biometric
need to be improved and the noises in the biometrics also need to be reduced. The proposed work is to enhance the security
using multibiometric cryptosystem in distributed system applications like e-commerce transactions, e-banking and ATM.
Keywords: Biometric Cryptosystem, Error correcting code, Fingerprint, Iris, Multibiometrics, Unimodal biometrics.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
7 multi biometric fake detection system using image quality based liveness de...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Biometric systems mostly popular in all over the world because of its user friendly and credible nature in security. In spite of this advantages, many attacks that done through synthetic , self manufactured, fake, reconstructed samples affected on the performance and accuracy of biometric system which becomes major problem in biometrics. Hence, new effective measures have to be taken to protect the biometric systems. In this paper, we propose novel software based multi-biometric fake detection system to detect various types of attacks. The main moto of this system is to enhance security level of biometric recognition systems through Image Quality Assessment (IQA) which is one of the liveness detection method.25 image quality measures calculated from test image which used to classify between real and fake trait using Linear Discriminative Analysis(LDA) classifier. The experimental results is done on the database of 2D face and fingerprint modalities, shows the proposed system is ease in implementation in real time application as complexities is very less because of one input image. Also this system is fast, user-friendly, non-intrusive which is more competitive with any other state of the art approaches, classifies between real and fake traits.
AHP validated literature review of forgery type dependent passive image forge...IJECEIAES
Nowadays, a lot of significance is given to what we read today: newspapers, magazines, news channels, and internet media, such as leading social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. These are the primary wellsprings of phony news and are frequently utilized in malignant manners, for example, for horde incitement. In the recent decade, a tremendous increase in image information generation is happening due to the massive use of social networking services. Various image editing software like Skylum Luminar, Corel PaintShop Pro, Adobe Photoshop, and many others are used to create, modify the images and videos, are significant concerns. A lot of earlier work of forgery detection was focused on traditional methods to solve the forgery detection. Recently, Deep learning algorithms have accomplished high-performance accuracies in the image processing domain, such as image classification and face recognition. Experts have applied deep learning techniques to detect a forgery in the image too. However, there is a real need to explain why the image is categorized under forged to understand the algorithm’s validity; this explanation helps in mission-critical applications like forensic. Explainable AI (XAI) algorithms have been used to interpret a black box’s decision in various cases. This paper contributes a survey on image forgery detection with deep learning approaches. It also focuses on the survey of explainable AI for images.
The vulnerabilities of biometric sensors have been
discussed extensively in the literature and popularized in films and
television shows. This research examines the image quality of an
artificial print as compared to a genuine finger, and examines the
characteristics of the two, including minutiae counts and image
quality, as repeated samples are taken.
Abstract—Biometric systems are increasingly deployed in networked environment, and issues related to interoperability are bound to arise as single vendor, monolithic architectures become less desirable. Interoperability issues affect every subsystem of the biometric system, and a statistical framework to evaluate interoperability is proposed. The framework was applied to the acquisition subsystem for a fingerprint recognition system and the results were evaluated using the framework. Fingerprints were collected from 100 subjects on 6 fingerprint sensors. The results show that performance of interoperable fingerprint datasets is not easily predictable and the proposed framework can aid in removing unpredictability to some degree.
Role of fuzzy in multimodal biometrics systemKishor Singh
Person identification is possible through the biometrics using their physiological and behavioral characteristics such
as face, ear, thumb print, voice, signature and key stock. Unimodal biometric systems face a range of problems, including noisy
data, intra-class versions, small liberty, non-university, spoof assaults, and unsustainable error rates. Some of these drawbacks
can be overcome by multimodal biometric technologies, which incorporate data from various information sources. In this paper
we work on multimodal biometric using three modalities face, ear and foot to find the optimal results using fuzzy fusion
mechanism and produces final identification decision via a fuzzy rules that enhance the quality of multimodalities biometric
system.
Seminar report on Error Handling methods used in bio-cryptographykanchannawkar
Detail information about the real time errors in the biometrics devices and also how to secure encryption keys. To make authentication systems more secure. In this seminar report describe about the combination of the biometrics with the cryptography. and also describe the methods that are used to handle the real time error like fault accept and fault reject and also describe their their rates.i,e FRR and FAR by the biometrics systems.
Fake Multi Biometric Detection using Image Quality Assessmentijsrd.com
In the recent era where technology plays a prominent role, persons can be identified (for security reasons) based on their behavioral and physiological characteristics (for example fingerprint, face, iris, key-stroke, signature, voice, etc.) through a computer system called the biometric system. In these kinds of systems the security is still a question mark because of various intruders and attacks. This problem can be solved by improving the security using some efficient algorithms available. Hence the fake person can be identified if he/she uses any synthetic sample of an authenticated person and a fake person who is trying to forge can be identified and authenticated.
Facial image classification and searching –a surveyZac Darcy
Recent developments in the area of image mining have shown the way for incredible growth in
extensively large and detailed image databases. The images which are available in these
databases, if checked, can endow with valuable information to the human users. As one of the
most successful applications of image analysis and understanding, fac
e recognition has
recently gained important attention particularly throughout the past many years. Though
tracking and recognizing face objects is a routine task, building such a system is still an active
research. Among several proposed face rec
ognition schemes, shape based approaches are
possibly the most promising ones. This paper provides an overview of various
classification and retrieval methods that were proposed earlier in literature. Also, this paper
provides a margina
l summary for future research and enhancements in face detection
The proliferation of networked authentication
systems has put focus on the issue of interoperability.
Fingerprint sensors are based on a variety of different technologies that introduce inconsistent distortions and variations in the feature set of the captured image, which makes the goal of interoperability challenging. The motivation of this
research was to examine the effect of fingerprint sensor interoperability on the performance of a minutiae based matcher. A statistical analysis framework for testing
interoperability was formulated to test similarity of minutiae count, image quality and similarity of performance between
native and interoperable datasets. False non-match rate (FNMR) was used as the performance metric in this research.
Interoperability performance analysis was conducted on each sensor dataset and also by grouping datasets based on the
acquisition technology and interaction type of the acquisition sensor. The lowest interoperable FNMR observed was 0.12%.
Research has shown for some age groups, quality of fingerprints can impact the performance of biometric systems. A
desirable feature of biometrics is that they are suitable for use across the population. This applied study examines the performance of a fingerprint recognition system in a healthcare environment. Anecdotal evidence suggested front line healthcare workers may have lower image quality due to continued hand washing which may remove oils from their skin. During training, individuals are told to add oil to their fingers by wiping oil from their foreheads to improve the resulting quality of the
fingerprints. In the healthcare population the authors tested, compared to two general populations (collected on optical and
capacitance sensors) there was a significant difference in skin oiliness, but not in image quality. There was a difference across
healthcare and non-healthcare groups in the performance of the fingerprint algorithm when compared against the capacitance dataset.
Biometric Template Protection With Robust Semi – Blind Watermarking Using Ima...CSCJournals
This paper addresses a biometric watermarking technology sturdy towards image manipulations, like JPEG compression, image filtering, and additive noise. Application scenarios include information transmission between client and server, maintaining e-database and management of signatures through insecure distribution channels. Steps involved in this work are, a) generation of binary signature code for biometric, b) embedding of the binary signature to the host image using intrinsic local property, that ensures signature protection, c) host image is then made exposed to various attacks and d) signature is extracted and matched based on an empirical threshold to verify the robustness of proposed embedding method. Embedding relies on binary signature manipulating the lower order AC coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transformed sub-blocks of host image. In the prediction phase, DC values of the nearest neighbor DCT blocks is utilized to predict the AC coefficients of centre block. Surrounding DC values of a DCT blocks are adaptively weighed for AC coefficients prediction. Linear programming is used to calculate the weights with respect to the image content. Multiple times embedding of watermark ensures robustness against common signal processing operations (filtering, enhancement, rescaling etc.) and various attacks. The proposed algorithm is tested for 50 different types of host images and public data collection, DB3, FVC2002. FAR and FRR are compared with other methods to show the improvement.
Face Liveness Detection for Biometric Antispoofing Applications using Color T...rahulmonikasharma
Face recognition is a widely used biometric approach. Face recognition technology has developed rapidly in recent years and it is more direct, user friendly and convenient compared to other methods. But face recognition systems are vulnerable to spoof attacks made by non-real faces. It is an easy way to spoof face recognition systems by facial pictures such as portrait photographs. A secure system needs Liveness detection in order to guard against such spoofing. In this work, face liveness detection approaches are categorized based on the various types techniques used for liveness detection. This categorization helps understanding different spoof attacks scenarios and their relation to the developed solutions. A review of the latest works regarding face liveness detection works is presented. The main aim is to provide a simple path for the future development of novel and more secured face liveness detection approach.
The increasing use of distributed authentication architecture
has made interoperability of systems an important issue. Interoperabil ity of systems affects the maturity of the technology and also improves confidence of users in the technology. Biometric systems are not immune to the concerns of interoperability. Interoperability of fingerprint sensors and its effect on the overall performance of the recognition system is an area of interest with a considerable amount of work directed
towards it. This research analyzed effects of interoperability on error rates for fingerprint datasets captured from two optical sensors and a capacitive sensor when using a single commercially available fingerprint
matching algorithm. The main aim of this research was to emulate a
centralized storage and matching architecture with multiple acquisition
stations. Fingerprints were collected from 44 individuals on all three sensors and interoperable False Reject Rates of less than .31% were achieved using two different enrolment strategies.
Feature Level Fusion of Multibiometric Cryptosystem in Distributed SystemIJMER
ABSTRACT: Multibiometrics is the combination of one or more biometrics (e.g., Fingerprint, Iris, and Face). Researchers
are focusing on how to provide security to the system, the template which was generated from the biometric need to be
protected. The problems of unimodal biometrics are solved by multibiometrics. The main objective is to provide a security to
the biometric template by generating a secure sketch by making use of multibiometric cryptosystem and which is stored in a
database. Once the biometric template is stolen it becomes a serious issue for the security of the system and also for user
privacy. In the existing approach, feature level fusion is used to combine the features securely with well-known biometric
cryptosystems namely fuzzy vault and fuzzy commitment. The drawbacks of existing system include accuracy of the biometric
need to be improved and the noises in the biometrics also need to be reduced. The proposed work is to enhance the security
using multibiometric cryptosystem in distributed system applications like e-commerce transactions, e-banking and ATM.
Keywords: Biometric Cryptosystem, Error correcting code, Fingerprint, Iris, Multibiometrics, Unimodal biometrics.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
7 multi biometric fake detection system using image quality based liveness de...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Biometric systems mostly popular in all over the world because of its user friendly and credible nature in security. In spite of this advantages, many attacks that done through synthetic , self manufactured, fake, reconstructed samples affected on the performance and accuracy of biometric system which becomes major problem in biometrics. Hence, new effective measures have to be taken to protect the biometric systems. In this paper, we propose novel software based multi-biometric fake detection system to detect various types of attacks. The main moto of this system is to enhance security level of biometric recognition systems through Image Quality Assessment (IQA) which is one of the liveness detection method.25 image quality measures calculated from test image which used to classify between real and fake trait using Linear Discriminative Analysis(LDA) classifier. The experimental results is done on the database of 2D face and fingerprint modalities, shows the proposed system is ease in implementation in real time application as complexities is very less because of one input image. Also this system is fast, user-friendly, non-intrusive which is more competitive with any other state of the art approaches, classifies between real and fake traits.
AHP validated literature review of forgery type dependent passive image forge...IJECEIAES
Nowadays, a lot of significance is given to what we read today: newspapers, magazines, news channels, and internet media, such as leading social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. These are the primary wellsprings of phony news and are frequently utilized in malignant manners, for example, for horde incitement. In the recent decade, a tremendous increase in image information generation is happening due to the massive use of social networking services. Various image editing software like Skylum Luminar, Corel PaintShop Pro, Adobe Photoshop, and many others are used to create, modify the images and videos, are significant concerns. A lot of earlier work of forgery detection was focused on traditional methods to solve the forgery detection. Recently, Deep learning algorithms have accomplished high-performance accuracies in the image processing domain, such as image classification and face recognition. Experts have applied deep learning techniques to detect a forgery in the image too. However, there is a real need to explain why the image is categorized under forged to understand the algorithm’s validity; this explanation helps in mission-critical applications like forensic. Explainable AI (XAI) algorithms have been used to interpret a black box’s decision in various cases. This paper contributes a survey on image forgery detection with deep learning approaches. It also focuses on the survey of explainable AI for images.
The vulnerabilities of biometric sensors have been
discussed extensively in the literature and popularized in films and
television shows. This research examines the image quality of an
artificial print as compared to a genuine finger, and examines the
characteristics of the two, including minutiae counts and image
quality, as repeated samples are taken.
Abstract—Biometric systems are increasingly deployed in networked environment, and issues related to interoperability are bound to arise as single vendor, monolithic architectures become less desirable. Interoperability issues affect every subsystem of the biometric system, and a statistical framework to evaluate interoperability is proposed. The framework was applied to the acquisition subsystem for a fingerprint recognition system and the results were evaluated using the framework. Fingerprints were collected from 100 subjects on 6 fingerprint sensors. The results show that performance of interoperable fingerprint datasets is not easily predictable and the proposed framework can aid in removing unpredictability to some degree.
Role of fuzzy in multimodal biometrics systemKishor Singh
Person identification is possible through the biometrics using their physiological and behavioral characteristics such
as face, ear, thumb print, voice, signature and key stock. Unimodal biometric systems face a range of problems, including noisy
data, intra-class versions, small liberty, non-university, spoof assaults, and unsustainable error rates. Some of these drawbacks
can be overcome by multimodal biometric technologies, which incorporate data from various information sources. In this paper
we work on multimodal biometric using three modalities face, ear and foot to find the optimal results using fuzzy fusion
mechanism and produces final identification decision via a fuzzy rules that enhance the quality of multimodalities biometric
system.
Seminar report on Error Handling methods used in bio-cryptographykanchannawkar
Detail information about the real time errors in the biometrics devices and also how to secure encryption keys. To make authentication systems more secure. In this seminar report describe about the combination of the biometrics with the cryptography. and also describe the methods that are used to handle the real time error like fault accept and fault reject and also describe their their rates.i,e FRR and FAR by the biometrics systems.
Fake Multi Biometric Detection using Image Quality Assessmentijsrd.com
In the recent era where technology plays a prominent role, persons can be identified (for security reasons) based on their behavioral and physiological characteristics (for example fingerprint, face, iris, key-stroke, signature, voice, etc.) through a computer system called the biometric system. In these kinds of systems the security is still a question mark because of various intruders and attacks. This problem can be solved by improving the security using some efficient algorithms available. Hence the fake person can be identified if he/she uses any synthetic sample of an authenticated person and a fake person who is trying to forge can be identified and authenticated.
Facial image classification and searching –a surveyZac Darcy
Recent developments in the area of image mining have shown the way for incredible growth in
extensively large and detailed image databases. The images which are available in these
databases, if checked, can endow with valuable information to the human users. As one of the
most successful applications of image analysis and understanding, fac
e recognition has
recently gained important attention particularly throughout the past many years. Though
tracking and recognizing face objects is a routine task, building such a system is still an active
research. Among several proposed face rec
ognition schemes, shape based approaches are
possibly the most promising ones. This paper provides an overview of various
classification and retrieval methods that were proposed earlier in literature. Also, this paper
provides a margina
l summary for future research and enhancements in face detection
The proliferation of networked authentication
systems has put focus on the issue of interoperability.
Fingerprint sensors are based on a variety of different technologies that introduce inconsistent distortions and variations in the feature set of the captured image, which makes the goal of interoperability challenging. The motivation of this
research was to examine the effect of fingerprint sensor interoperability on the performance of a minutiae based matcher. A statistical analysis framework for testing
interoperability was formulated to test similarity of minutiae count, image quality and similarity of performance between
native and interoperable datasets. False non-match rate (FNMR) was used as the performance metric in this research.
Interoperability performance analysis was conducted on each sensor dataset and also by grouping datasets based on the
acquisition technology and interaction type of the acquisition sensor. The lowest interoperable FNMR observed was 0.12%.
Research has shown for some age groups, quality of fingerprints can impact the performance of biometric systems. A
desirable feature of biometrics is that they are suitable for use across the population. This applied study examines the performance of a fingerprint recognition system in a healthcare environment. Anecdotal evidence suggested front line healthcare workers may have lower image quality due to continued hand washing which may remove oils from their skin. During training, individuals are told to add oil to their fingers by wiping oil from their foreheads to improve the resulting quality of the
fingerprints. In the healthcare population the authors tested, compared to two general populations (collected on optical and
capacitance sensors) there was a significant difference in skin oiliness, but not in image quality. There was a difference across
healthcare and non-healthcare groups in the performance of the fingerprint algorithm when compared against the capacitance dataset.
Biometric Template Protection With Robust Semi – Blind Watermarking Using Ima...CSCJournals
This paper addresses a biometric watermarking technology sturdy towards image manipulations, like JPEG compression, image filtering, and additive noise. Application scenarios include information transmission between client and server, maintaining e-database and management of signatures through insecure distribution channels. Steps involved in this work are, a) generation of binary signature code for biometric, b) embedding of the binary signature to the host image using intrinsic local property, that ensures signature protection, c) host image is then made exposed to various attacks and d) signature is extracted and matched based on an empirical threshold to verify the robustness of proposed embedding method. Embedding relies on binary signature manipulating the lower order AC coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transformed sub-blocks of host image. In the prediction phase, DC values of the nearest neighbor DCT blocks is utilized to predict the AC coefficients of centre block. Surrounding DC values of a DCT blocks are adaptively weighed for AC coefficients prediction. Linear programming is used to calculate the weights with respect to the image content. Multiple times embedding of watermark ensures robustness against common signal processing operations (filtering, enhancement, rescaling etc.) and various attacks. The proposed algorithm is tested for 50 different types of host images and public data collection, DB3, FVC2002. FAR and FRR are compared with other methods to show the improvement.
Face Liveness Detection for Biometric Antispoofing Applications using Color T...rahulmonikasharma
Face recognition is a widely used biometric approach. Face recognition technology has developed rapidly in recent years and it is more direct, user friendly and convenient compared to other methods. But face recognition systems are vulnerable to spoof attacks made by non-real faces. It is an easy way to spoof face recognition systems by facial pictures such as portrait photographs. A secure system needs Liveness detection in order to guard against such spoofing. In this work, face liveness detection approaches are categorized based on the various types techniques used for liveness detection. This categorization helps understanding different spoof attacks scenarios and their relation to the developed solutions. A review of the latest works regarding face liveness detection works is presented. The main aim is to provide a simple path for the future development of novel and more secured face liveness detection approach.
This is a complete report on Bio-metrics, finger print detection. It include what finger print is, how to scan and refin finger print, how the mechanism of its detection work, applications, etc
Intelligent multimodal identification system based on local feature fusion be...nooriasukmaningtyas
Biometric identification systems, which use physical features to check a person's identity, ensure much higher security than password and number systems. Biometric features such as the face or a fingerprint can be stored on a microchip in a credit card, for example. A single modal biometric identification system fails to extract enough features for identification. Another disadvantage of using only one feature is not always readable. In this article, a smart multimodal biometric verification model for identifying and verifying a person's identity is recommended based on artificial intelligence methods. The proposed model is identified the iris and finger vein unique patterns each individual to overcome many challenges such as identity fraud, poor image quality, noise, and instability of the surrounding environment. Several experiments were performed on a dataset containing 50 people by using many matching methods. The results of the proposed model were provided a higher accuracy of 98%, with FAR and FRR of 0.0015% and 0.025%, respectively.
Ijaems apr-2016-1 Multibiometric Authentication System Processed by the Use o...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The present day authentication system is mostly uni-model i.e having only single authentication method which can be either finger print, iris , palm veins ,etc. Thus these models have to contend with a variety of problems such as absurd or unusual data, non-versatility; un authorized attempts, and huge amount of error rates. Some of these limitations can be reduced or stopped by the use of multimodal biometric systems that integrate the evidence presented by several sources of information. This paper converses a multi biometric based authentication system based on Fusion algorithm using a key. Our work mainly focuses on the fusion algorithm, i.e fusion of finger and palm print out of which the greatest features from the above two traits are taken into account. With minimum possible features the fusion of the both the traits is carried out. Then some key is generated for multi biometric authentication. By processing the test image of a person, the identity of the person is displayed with his/her own image. By the fusion algorithm, it is found that it has less computation time compared to the existing algorithms. By matching results, we validate and authenticate the particular individual.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A NOVEL BINNING AND INDEXING APPROACH USING HAND GEOMETRY AND PALM PRINT TO E...ijcsa
This paper proposes a Bio metric identification system for person identification using two bio metric traits
hand geometry and palm print. The hand image captured from digital camera is preprocessed to identify
key points on palm region of hand. Identified key points are used to find hand geometry feature and palm
print Region of interest (ROI). The discriminative palm print features are extracted by applying local
binary descriptor on palm print ROI. In a bio metric identification system the identity corresponding to the
input image (probe) is determined by comparing probe template with the templates of all identities enrolled
in biometric system (gallery). Response time to establish the identity of an individual increases in proportion to the number of enrollees. One way to reduce the response time is to retrieve a smaller set of candidate identity templates from the database for explicit comparison. In this paper we propose a coarseto-fine hierarchical approach to retrieve a smaller set of candidate identities called as candidate set to reduce the response time. The proposed approach is tested on the database collected at our institute.Proposed approach is of significance since hand geometry and palm print features can be extracted from the palm region of the hand. Also performance of identification system is enhanced by reducing the response time without compromising the identification accuracy.
Biometrics is the science and technology of
measuring and analyzing biological data. In information
technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and
analyze human body characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints,
eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand
measurements, for authentication purposes. This paper is about
the applications of biometric especially in the field of healthcare
and its future uses
Biometrics system penetration in mobile devicesSwapnil Jagtap
Biometrics is the automated identification or verification of human identity through the measurement of repeatable physiological or behavioral characteristics.
A Survey of Security of Multimodal Biometric SystemsIJERA Editor
A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system being used in adversarial environment. Since,
biometric system like any conventional security system is exposed to malicious adversaries, who can manipulate
data to make the system ineffective by compromising its integrity. Current theory and design methods of
biometric systems do not take into account the vulnerability to such adversary attacks. Therefore, evaluation of
classical design methods is an open problem to investigate whether they lead to design secure systems. In order
to make biometric systems secure it is necessary to understand and evaluate the threats and to thus develop
effective countermeasures and robust system designs, both technical and procedural, if necessary. Accordingly,
the extension of theory and design methods of biometric systems is mandatory to safeguard the security and
reliability of biometric systems in adversarial environments.
Face recognition is a widely used biometric approach. Face recognition technology has developed rapidly
in recent years and it is more direct, user friendly and convenient compared to other methods. But face
recognition systems are vulnerable to spoof attacks made by non-real faces. It is an easy way to spoof face
recognition systems by facial pictures such as portrait photographs. A secure system needs Liveness
detection in order to guard against such spoofing. In this work, face liveness detection approaches are
categorized based on the various types techniques used for liveness detection. This categorization helps
understanding different spoof attacks scenarios and their relation to the developed solutions. A review of
the latest works regarding face liveness detection works is presented. The main aim is to provide a simple
path for the future development of novel and more secured face liveness detection approach.
A new multimodel approach for human authentication sclera vein and finger ve...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The vein structure is stable over time and can be manipulated for identifying human. The sclera portion of the human eye has blood vessel pattern which is unique for each human being. So, the sclera vein pattern can be used for a useful biometric feature. A few research works has been done over finger vein pattern recognition. Finger vein is an important biometric technique for personal identification and authentication. The finger vein is a blood vessel network under the finger skin. The network pattern is distinct for each individual, unaffected by aging and it is internal i.e. inside human skin which can always guarantee more security authentication. Sclera vein pattern recognition can face a few challenges like: the vein structure moves as the eye moves, low image quality, multilayered structure of the sclera vein and thickness of the sclera vein changes with the excitement level of the human body. To overcome this limitation, the multimodel biometrics is proposed through which the user can be authenticated either sclera vein or finger vein recognition. Sclera vein recognition used Y-shape descriptor and finger vein recognition used repeated line tracking based feature extraction method to effectively eliminate the most unlikely matches respectively. According to the available work in literatures and commercial utilization experiences, sclera vein and finger vein multimodality ensures higher performance and spoofing resistance. Thus building the multimodel biometric system increases the population coverage and improves the accuracy of the human recognition.
Keywords: Sclera Vein Recognition, Sclera Feature Matching, Sclera Matching, Sclera Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Finger Vein Recognition, Multimodel Biometrics
A Study of Approaches and Measures aimed at Securing Biometric Fingerprint Te...Editor IJCATR
The need for fool proof authentication procedures away from traditional authentication mechanisms like passwords, security PINS has led to the advent of biometric authentication in information systems. Biometric data extracted from physiological features of a person including but not limited to fingerprints, palm prints, face or retina for purpose of verification & identification is saved as biometric templates. The inception of biometrics in access control systems has not been without its own hitches & like other systems it has its fair share of challenges. Biometric fingerprints being the most mature of all biometric spheres are the most widely adopted biometric authentication systems. Biometric systems effectiveness lies on how secure they are at preventing inadvertent disclosure of biometric templates in an information system‟s archive. This however has not been the case as biometric templates have been fraudulently accessed to gain unauthorized access in identification and verification systems. In order to achieve strong and secure biometric systems, biometric systems developers need to build biometric systems that properly secure biometric templates. Several biometric template protection schemes and approaches have been proposed and used to safeguard stored biometric templates. Despite there being various biometric template protection schemes and approaches in existence, none of them has provided the most authentic, reliable, efficient and deterrent means to totally secure biometric fingerprint templates. This research sought to establish status of the current biometric template protection techniques and methods by conducting a survey and analyzing data gathered from a sample of seventy-eight (78) respondents. We will report these results and give our conclusion based on findings of the survey in this paper.
Similar to IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR FAKE BIOMETRIC DETECTION: APPLICATION TO IRIS, FINGERPRINT, AND FACE RECOGNITION (20)
Since so many years a problem occurs in KSB Pump Va mbori for casting process i.e. cracks occurs in the castings & it is repeated one. Therefore the compan y has given opportunity to me to solve this problem . In case of steel casting there are mainly cracks & also blo w holes induced due to the casting procedure. There are many factors for the casting defects .The factor is unev en material feeding in casting & also due to the mo uld material & also the core material. These cracks finally brea k directly the component of the casting i.e. in cas e of pump the casting component is like Impeller,Volute casing & casing cover. At the time of feeding of steel material in to the casting the material is in liquid us form i.e. it i s hot material & this material is feeding into casting at the time o f feeding it develop different region of heat. At o ne side the temp is high &at other side the temp is low this also pr oduce cracks. To simulate that casting we use the M AGMA SOFTWARE for simulation & validate it using NDT.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF SIMPLE SPUR GEAR TRAIN AND HELICAL GEAR TRAI...ijiert bestjournal
In recent times,the gear design has become a highl y complicated and comprehensive subject. A designer of modern gear drive system must have to r emember that the main objective of gear drive is to transmit higher power with comparatively smaller overall dim ensions of the driving system which can be construc ted with minimum possible manufacturing cost,runs reas onably free of noise and vibration and which requir es little maintenance. In this paper single stage spur gear t rain and helical gear train with a idler gear are d esigned by American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) stan dard. A idler gear is placed between two gearwheel to obtained the same direction of rotation. AGMA stres s equation is used to determined the tooth bending strength and surface contact strength. As a result,dimensio ns of gears are find out and comparative study is c arried out to select the optimum design of gear train for a give n input parameter
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL LEAF SPRING AND COMPOSITE LEAFijiert bestjournal
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring,commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. It is also one of the oldest forms of spring. Sometimes referred to as a semielliptical l eaf spring (SELS) it takes the form of a slender ar c-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross section. The centre of the arc p rovides location for the axle,while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. In the present work,a seven-leaf steel spring use d in passenger cars is replaced with a composite mu lti leaf spring made of glass/epoxy composites. The dimensions sand the num ber of leaves for both steel leaf spring and compos ite leaf springs are considered to be the same. The primary objective is to compare their load carrying capacity,stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring. Finally,fatigue life of steel and com posite leaf spring is also predicted using life dat a
Brimmed diffuser is collection�acceleration device which shrouds a wind turbine.For a given turbine di ameter,the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed diffuser,p opularly known as wind lens. The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low pressure region created by wind l ens and hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by a brim attached to the shroud diffuser at exit. Also in this analysis,a c omparative numerical prediction of mass flow rates through the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of wind lens wh ich in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentati on. It has been numerically proved that there is significant increase in the wa ke formation & vortex strength when brimming effect is added to a diffuser
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD OF MG-ALLOY ijiert bestjournal
The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production,critical component. It co nnects reciprocating piston to rotating crankshaft,transmitting the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft. Every vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod depending upon the number of cylinders in the engine. As the purp ose of the connecting rod is to transfer the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Connecting ro ds for automotive applications are typically manufactured by forging from either w rought steel or powdered metal. the material used f or this process is Mg-Alloy and also finite element analysis of connecting rod
REVIEW ON CRITICAL SPEED IMPROVEMENT IN SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE VALVE TRAINijiert bestjournal
The purpose of valve train is to operate the inlet and outlet valves of the engine. The valve train m ainly consists of rocker arm,push rod,cam,poppet valve and spring for kee p the valves closed position. The Greaves G400WG en gine valve train is operated at the maximum speed of 3600 rpm. The main objective of this project is to improve the valve train speed up to safe speed limit that is up to 5000 rpm. The valve spring parameters are optimized based on space availability,stress limit,stiffness,buckl ing of pushrod and natural frequency of the system. The optimized valv e spring configuration is used in the push rod type valve train and the valve train dynamics for different engine speed is studie d using commercially available multi-body dynamic A DMAS software. A comparative valve train dynamics analysis is also c arried out with the existing and optimized valve sp ring combinations. It is observed that valve jump engine speed with respect to optimized valve spring is enhanced to considerab le amount when compared to the existing valve spring configuration. Design improvements include detail study on following topi cs:1. Valve Spring Stiffness. 2. Push rod buckling. 3. Valve closing Velocity. 4. Contact stress between cam and follower
ENERGY CONVERSION PHENOMENON IN IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER LIFTING BY USING PEND...ijiert bestjournal
This paper consist of working of reciprocating pump which is driven by a compound pendulum. It provide s the energy required to lift the water from a tank placed approximately several meter below the ground level. Basic application of the mechanism will be for watering the garden which will be operated by means of operation opening and closing of entrance gate. Paper consists of basic concept,design of pump and compound pendulum mecha nism and fabricationed model. The concept can also be implemented in the rural areas,having the problem of electric supply. We aim at making a prototype for providing some me an for pumping of water by the pump which requires less human efforts,conside ring cost effectiveness,easy to operate and portab le mechanism.
The IC engine has seen numerous revolutionary and e volutionary modifications in technology and design over the past few decades. The sole motto behind the modifications wa s to increase the overall efficiency of the IC Engi ne including volumetric and thermal efficiency. Recently few benchmarking techn ologies like the CRDI,MPFI,HCCI,etc. in the Otto cycle and Diesel cycle engines have created an enormous revolution in the automobile industry. In spite of these technologica l and design advances,the efficiencies are not being more than a particular l imit. However,the concept of split cycle engines has dra stically increased the overall performance in all respect. The split cycle concept basically separates the fou r strokes of the conventional cycle. The Scuderi engine one of the best-in-class engine desi gns based on the split cycle concept. The Scuderi engine works on the split cycle and gives higher efficiency than the previous split cycle engines resulting overall high perform ance. It also eliminates the problems faced by previous engines based on the spl it cycle in terms of breathing (volumetric efficien cy) and thermal efficiency. This paper throws light on the greater volumetric,thermal and overall efficiency key points related t o the Scuderi Engines.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING OPERAT...ijiert bestjournal
The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTijiert bestjournal
Crankshaft is a crucial component in an engine asse mbly. Crankshaft is consisting of two web sections and one crankpin,which converts the reciprocating displacement of the pist on to a rotary motion with a four link mechanism. G enerally crankshafts are manufactured using cast iron and forged steel mater ial. In this work to design and finite element anal ysis of crankshaft of 4 cylinder petrol engine of Maruti swift Vxi. of 1200 cubic capacity. The finite element analysis in ABA QUS software by using six materials based on their composition viz. Cast iron,EN30B,SAE4340,Structural steel,C70 Alloy steel and Aluminium based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide & fly ash. The parameter like von misses stress,deformation;maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis software. The results of Finite element show that t he Aluminium based composite material is best mater ial among all. Compare the result like weight and Stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 65.539 % of weight,with reduction i n deformation.
ELECTRO CHEMICAL MACHINING AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESSES MICRO...ijiert bestjournal
Nowadays,necessity of small components is a common trend. These requirements encourage the researcher s to develop very minutest size components to fulfill the demand. The manufact uring of these type of components is a difficult ob ligation and for that various machining methods are develop to manufacture such c omponents. In this article the Electro Chemical mac hining and Electrical Discharge Machining is reviewed. We tried to summar ize the work of various researchers. The study show s that this type of machining processes gives good alternative.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING NANOFLUID JET IMPINGEMENTijiert bestjournal
An experimental investigation was carried out for s tudying the heat transfer performance of the water-Al2O3 (28nm average particle size) nanofluid inside a liquid evacuated impinging jet system dest ined to the cooling of circular target surface. Results have shown that th e surface heat transfer coefficient increases consi derably when the mass flow rate is increased,but is relatively insensitive to the nozzle-to heated-surface distance. It was foun d that the use of a nanofluid can provide a heat transfer enhancement when compared t o water. Thus most practical applications of jet im pingement occur in industries where the heat transfer requirements hav e exceeded capacity of ordinary heating and cooling techniques. This work presents and discusses the results of an experiment al investigation of heat transfer between the horiz ontal smooth plate of impinged jets.
MODIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL SANDWICH PANELS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH ijiert bestjournal
The demand for bigger,faster and lighter moving ve hicles,such as ships,trains,trucks and buses has increased the importance of efficient str uctural arrangements. In principle two approaches exist to develop efficient structures:e ither application of new materials or the use of new structural design. A proven and well-establi shed solution is the use of composite materials and sandwich structures. In this way high strength to weight ratio and minimum weight can be obtained. The sandwich structures have potential to offer a w ide range of attractive design solutions. In addition to the obtained weight reduction,these so lutions can often bring space savings,fire resistance,noise control and improved heating and cooling performance. Laser-welded metallic sandwich panels offer a number of outstand ing properties allowing the designer to develop light and efficient structural configuratio ns for a large variety of applications. These panels have been under active investigations during the last 15 years in the world.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL BUMPER BEAM: A REVIEW ijiert bestjournal
Bumper is a energy absorbing protective element whi ch absorb the energy in front collision and protect valuable parts like radiator etc. Bumper is act like protect ive shield generally made of steel material. As eco nomic point of view and to reduce consumption of fuel manufacturin g of light weight vehicle is requirement of current situation. Application of composite material in automobile sec tor is now day common thing. Aluminum honeycomb san dwich panel is basically material from aerospace industri es and known for its high strength to weight ratio. Sandwich structure basically having its properties due to ge ometry. To determine various properties of sandwich structure conducting experiments is expensive,so generally F EA is used .However complex geometry is hurdle so t here are various theories are available for simplification o f model. These theories convert 3D model in to homo genous model .As far as concerning India manufacturing rate of s andwich structure is very less,so generally cost i s more. Greatest giant manufacturer is china we can observe their bu llet train and metro transport facility constructio n. Recently in march 2014 largest selling Indian cars are failed in NCap test in 100% frontal crash test. So requirement of more energy absorbing material with economy cons ideration is important.
Robotic welding requires specialized fixtures to ac curately hold the work piece during the welding operation. Despite the large variety of welding fix tures available today the focus has shifted in maki ng the welding arms more versatile,not the fixture. T he new fixture design reduces cycle time and operat or labor while increasing functionality;and allows co mplex welding operations to be completed on simple two axis welding arms
ADVANCED TRANSIENT THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DISC BRAKE BY USING ANS...ijiert bestjournal
In these paper structural fields of the solid disc brake during short and emergency braking with four different materials is studied. The distribution of the tempe rature depends on the various factors such as frict ion,surface roughness and speed. The effect of the angular velo city and the contact pressure induces the temperatu re rise of disc brake. The finite element simulation for three -dimensional model was preferred due to the heat fl ux ratio constantly distributed in circumferential direction . Here value of temperature,friction contact power,nodal displacement and deformation for different pressure condition using analysis software with four materi als namely cast iron,cast steel,aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced plastic are taken. Presently the D isc brakes are made up of cast iron and cast steel. With the v alue of simulation result best suitable material fo r the brake drum with higher life span is determined.
REVIEW ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-ASBESTOS COMPOSITE MATERIAL USED IN BR...ijiert bestjournal
Metallic matrix composites are combinations of two or more different metals inter metallic compounds or second phases in which dispersed phases are embe dded within the metallic matrix. They are produced by controlling the morphologies of the constituents to achieve optimum combination of properties. Properties of the composites depend on the properti es of the constituent phases,their relative amount,and dispersed phase geometry including particle siz e,shape and orientation in the matrix. In this pap er,The mechanical properties,behaviour and micro stru ctural evolution of aluminium metal matrix metallic composites fabricated under various process conditi ons were investigated to understand their process- structure�property relations by optimization proces s. Addition of silicon carbide to aluminum has show n an increase in its mechanical properties.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON SEED OIL FOR MULT...ijiert bestjournal
A lubricant is a substance that reduces friction an d wear by providing a protective film between two moving surfaces. Good lubricants possess the proper ties such as low toxicity,high viscosity index,hi gh load carrying capacity,excellent coefficient of fr iction,good anti-wear capability,low emission int o the environment,high ignition temperature. So tribolog y related problems can be minimized by proper selection of lubricant from wear consideration. Tod ay,the depletion of reserves of crude oil,the gro wing prices of crude oil and concern about protecting th e environment against pollution have developed the interest towards environment-friendly lubricants. B ecause of these the purpose of this work is to eval uate the anti-wear characteristics of cottonseed oil and to check the suitability of cottonseed oil as a lu bricant for multi-cylinder engine. Four ball testing machin e is used for anti-wear testing as per ASTM D 4172. The wear preventive characteristic of cottonseed oi l is obtained by measuring wear scar diameter. The present study shows the potential of cotton seed oi l as an alternating lubricant.
Magnetic abrasive finishing is a machining process where the tooling allowance is remove by media wi th both magnetic and abrasive properties,with a magnetic f ield acting as a binder of a grain. Such machining falls into the category of erosion by abrasive suspension and lend itself to the finishing of any type of surface . The possibility of finishing complex surfaces is a spec ial benefit of this machining. Magnetic abrasive fi nishing process is most suitable for obtaining quality fini sh on metallic and non-metallic surfaces. Magnetic abrasive finishing used for complicated product finishing & Roughness and tolerance band achieved that is diffi cult using conventional machine process. The product dimension al requirement easily possible with taking trial wi th MAF parameters.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR FAKE BIOMETRIC DETECTION: APPLICATION TO IRIS, FINGERPRINT, AND FACE RECOGNITION
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VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2 FEB.-2015
IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR FAKE BIOMETRIC
DETECTION: APPLICATION TO IRIS, FINGERPRINT, AND FACE
RECOGNITION
1. Ms. Kavita H. Waghmode
M.E. Student, Signal Processing, BSCOER, Narhe, Pune, India
2. Dr. Prof. P.K. Ajmera
Associate Professor & M.E. Co-ordinator (Signal Processing), BSCOER, Narhe, Pune,
India
Abstract
In this Paper, the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self-
manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric
authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. In
this paper, we present a novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in
multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The
objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of biometric recognition
frameworks, by adding livens assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner,
through the use of image quality assessment. The proposed approach presents a very low
degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 25 general
image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for authentication
purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. The experimental results,
obtained on publicly available data sets of fingerprint, iris, and 2D face, show that the
proposed method is highly competitive compared with other state-of-the-art approaches and
that the analysis of the general image quality of real biometric samples reveals highly
valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake traits.
Keywords: Image Quality, Fake Biometric Detection, self-manufactured synthetic,
fingerprint recognition.
I. Introduction
Images may be two-dimensional, such as a photograph, screen display, and as well as a three-
dimensional, such as a statue or hologram. They may be captured by optical devices – such
as cameras, mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, etc. and natural objects and phenomena,
such as the human eye or water.
The word image is also used in the broader sense of any two-dimensional figure such as
a map, a graph, a pie chart, or a painting. In this wider sense, images can also
be rendered manually, such as by drawing, the art of painting, carving, rendered automatically
by printing or computer graphics technology, or developed by a combination of methods,
especially in a pseudo-photograph.
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A volatile image is one that exists only for a short period of time. This may be a reflection of
an object by a mirror, a projection of a camera obscure, or a scene displayed on a cathode ray
tube. A fixed image, also called a hard copy, is one that has been recorded on a material
object, such as paper or textile by photography or any other digital process.
A mental image exists in an individual's mind, as something one remembers or imagines. The
subject of an image need not be real; it may be an abstract concept, such as a graph, function,
or "imaginary" entity. For example, Sigmund Freud claimed to have dreamed purely in aural-
images of dialogs. The development of synthetic acoustic technologies and the creation
of sound art have led to a consideration of the possibilities of a sound-image made up of
irreducible phonic substance beyond linguistic or musicological analysis.
A still image is a single static image, as distinguished from a kinetic image. This phrase is
used in photography, visual media and the computer industry to emphasize that one is not
talking about movies, or in very precise or pedantic technical writing such as a standard.
A film still is a photograph taken on the set of a movie or television program during
production, used for promotional purposes.
Many different aspects of human physiology, chemistry or behavior can be used for biometric
authentication. The selection of a particular biometric for use in a specific application
involves a weighting of several factors.identified seven such factors to be used when
assessing the suitability of any trait for use in biometric authentication. Universality means
that every person using a system should possess the trait. Uniqueness means the trait should
be sufficiently different for individuals in the relevant population such that they can be
distinguished from one another. Permanence relates to the manner in which a trait varies over
time. More specifically, a trait with 'good' permanence will be reasonably invariant over time
with respect to the specific matching algorithm. Measurability (collectability) relates to the
ease of acquisition or measurement of the trait. In addition, acquired data should be in a form
that permits subsequent processing and extraction of the relevant feature
sets. Performance relates to the accuracy, speed, and robustness of technology
used. Acceptability relates to how well individuals in the relevant population accept the
technology such that they are willing to have their biometric trait captured and
assessed. Circumvention relates to the ease with which a trait might be imitated using an
artifact or substitute. No single biometric will meet all the requirements of every possible
application.
Fig 1. basic biometric system
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The block diagram illustrates the two basic modes of a biometric
system.[1] First, in verification (or authentication) mode the system performs a one-to-one
comparison of a captured biometric with a specific template stored in a biometric database in
order to verify the individual is the person they claim to be. Three steps are involved in the
verification of a person.[2] In the first step, reference models for all the users are generated
and stored in the model database. In the second step, some samples are matched with
reference models to generate the genuine and impostor scores and calculate the threshold.
Third step is the testing step. This process may use a smart card, username or ID number
(e.g. PIN) to indicate which template should be used for comparison. 'Positive recognition' is
a common use of the verification mode, "where the aim is to prevent multiple people from
using same identity". [1]
Second, in identification mode the system performs a one-to-many comparison against a
biometric database in attempt to establish the identity of an unknown individual. The system
will succeed in identifying the individual if the comparison of the biometric sample to a
template in the database falls within a previously set threshold. Identification mode can be
used either for 'positive recognition' (so that the user does not have to provide any information
about the template to be used) or for 'negative recognition' of the person "where the system
establishes whether the person is who she (implicitly or explicitly) denies to be".[3]
The latter
function can only be achieved through biometrics since other methods of personal recognition
such as passwords, PINs or keys are ineffective.
The first time an individual uses a biometric system is called enrollment. During the
enrollment, biometric information from an individual is captured and stored. In subsequent
uses, biometric information is detected and compared with the information stored at the time
of enrollment. Note that it is crucial that storage and retrieval of such systems themselves be
secure if the biometric system is to be robust. The first block (sensor) is the interface between
the real world and the system; it has to acquire all the necessary data. Most of the times it is
an image acquisition system, but it can change according to the characteristics desired. The
second block performs all the necessary pre-processing: it has to remove artifacts from the
sensor, to enhance the input (e.g. removing background noise), to use some kind
of normalization, etc. In the third block necessary features are extracted. This step is an
important step as the correct features need to be extracted in the optimal way. A vector of
numbers or an image with particular properties is used to create a template. A template is a
synthesis of the relevant characteristics extracted from the source. Elements of the biometric
measurement that are not used in the comparison algorithm are discarded in the template to
reduce the file size and to protect the identity of the enrolled.
During the enrollment phase, the template is simply stored somewhere (on a card or within a
database or both). During the matching phase, the obtained template is passed to a matcher
that compares it with other existing templates, estimating the distance between them using
any algorithm (e.g. Hamming distance). The matching program will analyze the template with
the input. This will then be output for any specified use or purpose (e.g. entrance in a
restricted area. Selection of biometrics in any practical application depending upon the
characteristic measurements and user requirements.[2] We should consider Performance,
Acceptability, Circumvention, Robustness, Population coverage, Size, Identity theft
deterrence in selecting a particular biometric. Selection of biometric based on user
requirement considers Sensor availability, Device availability, Computational time and
reliability, Cost, Sensor area and power consumption
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II. Previous Work
Due to the rapid growth of biometric technology, template protection becomes
crucial to secure integrity of the biometric security system and prevent unauthorized access.
Cancellable biometrics is emerging as one of the best solutions to secure the biometric
identification and verification system. We present a novel technique for robust cancelable
template generation algorithm that takes advantage of the multimodal biometric using feature
level fusion. Feature level fusion of different facial features is applied to generate the
cancellable template. A proposed algorithm based on the multi-fold random projection and
fuzzy communication scheme is used for this purpose [3].
A binary iris code is a very compact representation of an iris image. For a long
time it was assumed that the iris code did not contain enough information to allow for the
reconstruction of the original iris. The present work proposes a novel probabilistic approach
based on genetic algorithms to reconstruct iris images from binary templates and analyzes the
similarity between the reconstructed synthetic iris image and the original one. The
performance of the reconstruction technique is assessed by empirically estimating the
probability of successfully matching the synthesized iris image against its true counterpart
using a commercial matcher. The experimental results indicate that the reconstructed images
look reasonably realistic. While a human expert may not be easily deceived by them, they can
successfully deceive a commercial matcher. Furthermore, since the proposed methodology is
able to synthesize multiple iris images from a single iris code, it has other potential
applications including privacy enhancement of iris-based systems [4].
III. Proposed work
Due to the rapid growth of biometric technology, template protection becomes crucial to
secure integrity of the biometric security system and prevent unauthorized access. Cancellable
biometrics is emerging as one of the best solutions to secure the biometric identification and
verification system. In this paper t a novel technique for robust cancellable template
generation algorithm that takes advantage of the multimodal biometric using feature level
fusion. Feature level fusion of different facial features is applied to generate the cancellable
template. A proposed algorithm based on the multi-fold random projection and fuzzy
communication scheme is used for this purpose.
IV. Different Techniques of Biometric Technology
Currently used for identity, confirmation and forensic purposes, biometric technologies
can be broadly grouped into four areas with several techniques in each:
Hands;
Heads and face;
Other physical characteristics; and
Behavioural characteristics.
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The first three categories are physiological and are based on measurement of physical
characteristics. Except in the case of a serious disaster or operation, this biometrics is
generally unaffected over time. Behavioural characteristics are more susceptible to change
and can be affected by age, illness, disease, tiredness and can also be deliberately altered.
Cancellable biometrics
Cancellable biometrics refers to the intentional and systematically repeatable distortion of
biometric features in order to protect sensitive user-specific data. If a cancellable feature is
compromised, the distortion characteristics are changed, and the same biometrics is mapped
to a new template, which is used subsequently. Cancellable biometrics is one of the major
categories for biometric template protection purpose besides biometric cryptosystem.
Although biometrics is a powerful tool against repudiation and has been widely
deployed in various security systems, biometric characteristics are largely immutable,
resulting in permanent biometric compromise when a template is stolen. The concept of
cancelable biometrics was introduced to make a biometric template can be cancelled and be
revoked like a password, as well as being unique to every application. Cancelable biometrics
requires storage of the distorted version of the biometric template which provides high
privacy level by allowing multiple templates to be associated with the same biometric data.
This helps to promote non-likability of user’s biometric data stored across various databases.
Objectives
Four objectives of designing a cancelable biometric scheme are as followed:
Diversity: No same cancelable features can be used across various applications;
therefore a large number of protected templates from same biometric feature is
required.
Reusability/Revocability: Straightforward revocation and reissue in the event of
compromise.
Non-inevitability: Non-inevitability of template computation to prevent recovery of
original biometric data.
Performance: The formulation should not deteriorate the recognition performance.
V. Algorithms Steps
Step 1: Browse Iris image
Step 2: Image Pre-processing (By using this user get the information about the image)
Step 3: Browse Finger print image
Step 4: Image Pre-processing (By using this user get the information about the image)
Step 5: Browse Facial Image
Step 6: Image Pre-processing (By using this user get the information about the image)
Step 7: Retrieve the secrete image by using above steps
Results
Below Fig. 2 Shows that the original captured image of eye.
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Fig 2. Image Pre-processing
Below fig.3 shows the image preview after the process of image analysis.
Fig 3.Image Analysis of Eye
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Fig 4.Image Analysis of Finger print
Above fig.4 shows the image analysis of finger print,similary this process can be applied for
the face .
Conclusion
The study of the vulnerabilities of biometric systems against different types of attacks
has been a very active field of research in recent years. This interest has lead to big advances
in the field of security-enhancing technologies for biometric-based applications. However, in
spite of this noticeable improvement, the development of efficient protection methods against
known threats has proven to be a challenging task. In this context, it is reasonable to assume
that the image quality properties of real accesses and fraudulent attacks will be different.
Future Scope
In future need for independent evaluation of biometric devices is clear. Adequate
testing usually requires a special version of the software. Fingerprints have been widely used
as a form of identification for many years and are well-established in many places.
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References
1. Jain, Anil K.; Ross, Arun (2008). "Introduction to Biometrics". In Jain, AK; Flynn;
Ross, A. Handbook of Biometrics. Springer. pp. 1–22. ISBN 978-0-387-71040-2.
2. Sahoo, SoyujKumar; Mahadeva Prasanna, SR, Choubisa, Tarun; Mahadeva Prasanna,
SR (1 January 2012). "Multimodal Biometric Person Authentication : A
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2015-01-04). Retrieved 23 February 2012.
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