The most common form of organization of activities of domestic integrated
structures are holding companies. In modern conditions, the successful development of
a production company is inextricably linked with strategic management. The article
discusses vertical integration as a direction for the strategic development of a holding
company.
A Study on Determining the Supply Chain Risks Perception Levels of Manufactur...inventionjournals
In this study, the purpose is to determine the supply chain risks of the manufacturing companies that are active in Adıyaman, Gaziantep and Kilis in TRC1 Region. For this purpose a scale consisting of 25 statements was used to collect data from 302 manufacturing companies in TRC1 Region Organized Industrial Zones. The One Way ANOVA Test was used in order to determine whether there are significant differences between the 8-Dimensional structure that was obtained as a result of the Factor Analysis and the demographical variables. At the end of the analyses it was determined that there was a significant difference between the supply chain risk perception levels of the companies according to their cities, sectors, the number of their employees and activity durations.
Internationalization and Sustainable Operations: A Broad Investigation of Chi...Scientific Review SR
We investigate if internationalization behaviors encourage sustainable operations of China’s manufacturing firms due to their substantial impact on climate change and special governance modes, and organize a heterogeneity test to clarify what kind of internationalization behaviors can robustly influence such operations. We find that firms with abundant assets and heavy-polluting feature are more committed to sustainable operations. Getting close to international sustainability standards, international auditing standards, and international business all improve sustainable operations. Heterogeneity test further shows that compared with international standards, the positive impact of international business on sustainable operation lacks a robustness, which responds to an argument that for one country, international business acts as a double-edged sword. Overall, this paper reveals internationalization as a key indicator significantly influencing economic, ecological, and social spheres in manufacturing sectors of emerging markets, and complying with well-accepted international standards can be significantly embodied in a more optimistic sustainable operations. However, how to deal with international business in a right manner is a research highlight worthy of ongoing discussion. We focus on different types of internationalization behaviors, and this indicator can theoretically inspire future study to dialectically evaluate the role of internationalization in addressing sustainability problems in emerging markets’ pillar industries.
National culture impact on lean leadership and lean manufacturing maturity ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A large body of researches has demonstrated that cultural values directly influence the success of organizational strategies and managerial actions. On the same way, the successful use of Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices requires more than the use of tools. Although many manufacturing facilities worldwide use LM practices, dimensions of nation’s culture and leadership may moderate the expected results from the LM implementation. Using LM background and cultural data, this paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the moderation of Lean Leadership effectiveness by dimensions of national cultural values. The study was based on the feedback from the practice of Lean Leadership in various multinationals based in Morocco. A questionnaire was elaborated, validated, and sent to overall 120 respondents holding various management and operational positions in many multinational companies. The results of this study are used to identify directions for proposing an adapting model of operations management to the Moroccan SMEs.
Keywords: Survey, Lean Manufacturing, Lean Leadership, National culture, Organizational culture, Multinational, Morocco.
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY – A KEY FIGURE-BASED APPROACHijmvsc
This paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring
corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics.
It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the
corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies,
mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which
is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a
workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to
numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed.
One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world
were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the
research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological
sustainability performance.
Economic structure & pattern of malaysia has been discussed in this assignment. Political parties, development procedure, etc. are discussed here in a decent way.
A Study on Determining the Supply Chain Risks Perception Levels of Manufactur...inventionjournals
In this study, the purpose is to determine the supply chain risks of the manufacturing companies that are active in Adıyaman, Gaziantep and Kilis in TRC1 Region. For this purpose a scale consisting of 25 statements was used to collect data from 302 manufacturing companies in TRC1 Region Organized Industrial Zones. The One Way ANOVA Test was used in order to determine whether there are significant differences between the 8-Dimensional structure that was obtained as a result of the Factor Analysis and the demographical variables. At the end of the analyses it was determined that there was a significant difference between the supply chain risk perception levels of the companies according to their cities, sectors, the number of their employees and activity durations.
Internationalization and Sustainable Operations: A Broad Investigation of Chi...Scientific Review SR
We investigate if internationalization behaviors encourage sustainable operations of China’s manufacturing firms due to their substantial impact on climate change and special governance modes, and organize a heterogeneity test to clarify what kind of internationalization behaviors can robustly influence such operations. We find that firms with abundant assets and heavy-polluting feature are more committed to sustainable operations. Getting close to international sustainability standards, international auditing standards, and international business all improve sustainable operations. Heterogeneity test further shows that compared with international standards, the positive impact of international business on sustainable operation lacks a robustness, which responds to an argument that for one country, international business acts as a double-edged sword. Overall, this paper reveals internationalization as a key indicator significantly influencing economic, ecological, and social spheres in manufacturing sectors of emerging markets, and complying with well-accepted international standards can be significantly embodied in a more optimistic sustainable operations. However, how to deal with international business in a right manner is a research highlight worthy of ongoing discussion. We focus on different types of internationalization behaviors, and this indicator can theoretically inspire future study to dialectically evaluate the role of internationalization in addressing sustainability problems in emerging markets’ pillar industries.
National culture impact on lean leadership and lean manufacturing maturity ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A large body of researches has demonstrated that cultural values directly influence the success of organizational strategies and managerial actions. On the same way, the successful use of Lean Manufacturing (LM) practices requires more than the use of tools. Although many manufacturing facilities worldwide use LM practices, dimensions of nation’s culture and leadership may moderate the expected results from the LM implementation. Using LM background and cultural data, this paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the moderation of Lean Leadership effectiveness by dimensions of national cultural values. The study was based on the feedback from the practice of Lean Leadership in various multinationals based in Morocco. A questionnaire was elaborated, validated, and sent to overall 120 respondents holding various management and operational positions in many multinational companies. The results of this study are used to identify directions for proposing an adapting model of operations management to the Moroccan SMEs.
Keywords: Survey, Lean Manufacturing, Lean Leadership, National culture, Organizational culture, Multinational, Morocco.
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY – A KEY FIGURE-BASED APPROACHijmvsc
This paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring
corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics.
It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the
corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies,
mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which
is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a
workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to
numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed.
One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world
were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the
research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological
sustainability performance.
Economic structure & pattern of malaysia has been discussed in this assignment. Political parties, development procedure, etc. are discussed here in a decent way.
The Influence of Supply Chain Integration on the Intrapreneurship in Supply C...IJERA Editor
These days, SMEs pay a lot of attention to concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in order to achieve
competitiveness. The logic behind such act is integrating the activities of value creation within any kind of
organizational context. Such integrity would collaborate with managers to accomplish the competitive edge that
they are aiming to achieve. The goal of current research is to identify scopes of a unique construct which is
known as Entrepreneurial Supply Chain Management competency. Therefore, the notions of SCM and
entrepreneurship are being aligned together for evaluating the organizational performance. The outcomes
demonstrate that SCM in fact is a critical issue that can alter the organizational performance, thus, through
consideration of SCM, we should focus on supply chain integration and its impacts on intrapreneurship and
innovation of an organization. In order to be successful in such competitive context, SMEs need to provide
novel competences which are not imitable and to increase their application in supply chain and also to improve
their total performance.
The delivery process consisted in the deregulation of local markets and international trends, which allowed the emergence of the phenomenon "globalization". This process has resulted in the restructuring of companies that are considered in the expansion of business, the level of competitiveness, expansion in the market of operations, technological adaptations and strategies; Mergers and Acquisition (M& A) characteristics operations. However, the main objective is to have priority in information promotion policies and initiatives to improve business conditions.
The objective of this article is to address the M& A theme in the context of globalization, seeking to answer the following question: what are the results obtained in the process of restructuring and operating M& A in the telecommunications company Oi S / A between the year of its creation and by the year 2016? To all that the literature review, literature studies, literature, literature studies, non-literature literature, pages, semantic studies, about the theme, being a bibliographic and descriptive research.
The study demonstrates that not always the processes of the frequency and license are advantageous to the parties related, due to character complexes that involve such operations. These groups can be supported in their search, mainly in studies on the market of action, differences in quotations and payments, employment opportunities in the societies involved.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLLABORATION IN SUPPLY CHAIN OF MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES...ijmvsc
In the context of international economic integration, enterprises need to participate in the global supply
chain to take advantage of assets, talents and other capability. Base on the Structure Equation Model
(SEM-PLS) using primary data collected from 205 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam, the research result
shows that there are nine direct factors affecting the collaboration in supply chain including: (i) trust; (ii)
power; (iii) maturity; (iv) frequency; (v) distance; (vi) culture; (vii) strategy; (viii) policy; (ix)commitment. Results of the research give strong evidences for policy makers and enterprises for management the supply chain collaboration in mechanical sector in particular and other sectors in
general as well as its contribution to literature review of supply chain management.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLLABORATION IN SUPPLY CHAIN OF MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES...ijmvsc
In the context of international economic integration, enterprises need to participate in the global supply
chain to take advantage of assets, talents and other capability. Base on the Structure Equation Model (SEM-PLS) using primary data collected from 205 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam, the research result shows that there are nine direct factors affecting the collaboration in supply chain including: (i) trust; (ii) power; (iii) maturity; (iv) frequency; (v) distance; (vi) culture; (vii) strategy; (viii) policy; (ix) commitment. Results of the research give strong evidences for policy makers and enterprises for management the supply chain collaboration in mechanical sector in particular and other sectors in
general as well as its contribution to literature review of supply chain management
IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION IN AUTO INDUSTRYIAEME Publication
The Auto Industry plays an significant role in the Indian Economy. The current
challenges in manufacturing of Automobile involves the role of Supply Chain
Management. The effectiveness of the function could be enhanced by the Integration
of SCM especially in Auto industry wherein the research is undertaken. The detailed
description of the process, The study deals with integration is given an approach of
explanatory design and questionnaire are used as an instrument to capture the main
data furthermore the study also uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS for
quantitative data analysis. To link the dependant and independent variables, a
conceptual framework is developed, to stress the needs and importance of integration
of SCM. The study reveals the importance of supplies innovatives
Corporate Governance An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
This study delved the relationship between commercial governance and duty avoidance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of board independence and CEO duality on effective duty rate. The study espoused the Ex Post Facto exploration design. The population comprised of all quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE from 2010 to 2020. The sample was intentionally drawn from all the consumer goods manufacturing enterprises of the NSE. Data were attained from periodic reports and accounts of the quoted companies. The study used both descriptive and deducible statistics to assay the data. The suppositions were tested using Retrogression analysis fashion with aid ofE view9.0. From the analysis, the study set up that board independence has positive effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, and this effect isnt statistically significant, also CEO duality has a negative effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, but this effect is statistically significant. The study thus recommended among others that Moderate board sizes Since an exorbitantly large board size may not ameliorate the effectiveness of opinions, the establishment should maintain optimum board size position and not exceed the sufficient number necessary to drive the company through its vision. Echekoba Felix Nwolisa | Patrick Amechi. Mbanefo | Ubesie Cyril Madubuko "Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56304/corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-on-tax-avoidance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/echekoba-felix-nwolisa
Understanding the Dynamics of Business Group Advantages and Affiliate Level A...inventionjournals
This paper explores the theory of the competitive advantages of business groups and their affiliates. The goal is to address the literature on emerging economies which remains short in providing the theoretical background on the nature of different types of emerging economy firms and their competitiveness. This research offers a theoretical framework on the specific competitive advantages of business groups and their affiliates. Some theoretical and practical implications are presented to elucidate the value of the paper towards our understanding on the growth and behavior of business groups.
Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection Through Interact...Waqas Tariq
Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth. With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past, its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
the ranking and importance of journals can vary significantly depending on your specific field of study or interest. It's crucial to consult with academic advisors, professors, and experts in your field to identify the most relevant and respected journals for your research. Additionally, you should always check the latest impact factors and rankings for the most up-to-date information.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
The Influence of Supply Chain Integration on the Intrapreneurship in Supply C...IJERA Editor
These days, SMEs pay a lot of attention to concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in order to achieve
competitiveness. The logic behind such act is integrating the activities of value creation within any kind of
organizational context. Such integrity would collaborate with managers to accomplish the competitive edge that
they are aiming to achieve. The goal of current research is to identify scopes of a unique construct which is
known as Entrepreneurial Supply Chain Management competency. Therefore, the notions of SCM and
entrepreneurship are being aligned together for evaluating the organizational performance. The outcomes
demonstrate that SCM in fact is a critical issue that can alter the organizational performance, thus, through
consideration of SCM, we should focus on supply chain integration and its impacts on intrapreneurship and
innovation of an organization. In order to be successful in such competitive context, SMEs need to provide
novel competences which are not imitable and to increase their application in supply chain and also to improve
their total performance.
The delivery process consisted in the deregulation of local markets and international trends, which allowed the emergence of the phenomenon "globalization". This process has resulted in the restructuring of companies that are considered in the expansion of business, the level of competitiveness, expansion in the market of operations, technological adaptations and strategies; Mergers and Acquisition (M& A) characteristics operations. However, the main objective is to have priority in information promotion policies and initiatives to improve business conditions.
The objective of this article is to address the M& A theme in the context of globalization, seeking to answer the following question: what are the results obtained in the process of restructuring and operating M& A in the telecommunications company Oi S / A between the year of its creation and by the year 2016? To all that the literature review, literature studies, literature, literature studies, non-literature literature, pages, semantic studies, about the theme, being a bibliographic and descriptive research.
The study demonstrates that not always the processes of the frequency and license are advantageous to the parties related, due to character complexes that involve such operations. These groups can be supported in their search, mainly in studies on the market of action, differences in quotations and payments, employment opportunities in the societies involved.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLLABORATION IN SUPPLY CHAIN OF MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES...ijmvsc
In the context of international economic integration, enterprises need to participate in the global supply
chain to take advantage of assets, talents and other capability. Base on the Structure Equation Model
(SEM-PLS) using primary data collected from 205 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam, the research result
shows that there are nine direct factors affecting the collaboration in supply chain including: (i) trust; (ii)
power; (iii) maturity; (iv) frequency; (v) distance; (vi) culture; (vii) strategy; (viii) policy; (ix)commitment. Results of the research give strong evidences for policy makers and enterprises for management the supply chain collaboration in mechanical sector in particular and other sectors in
general as well as its contribution to literature review of supply chain management.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLLABORATION IN SUPPLY CHAIN OF MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES...ijmvsc
In the context of international economic integration, enterprises need to participate in the global supply
chain to take advantage of assets, talents and other capability. Base on the Structure Equation Model (SEM-PLS) using primary data collected from 205 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam, the research result shows that there are nine direct factors affecting the collaboration in supply chain including: (i) trust; (ii) power; (iii) maturity; (iv) frequency; (v) distance; (vi) culture; (vii) strategy; (viii) policy; (ix) commitment. Results of the research give strong evidences for policy makers and enterprises for management the supply chain collaboration in mechanical sector in particular and other sectors in
general as well as its contribution to literature review of supply chain management
IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION IN AUTO INDUSTRYIAEME Publication
The Auto Industry plays an significant role in the Indian Economy. The current
challenges in manufacturing of Automobile involves the role of Supply Chain
Management. The effectiveness of the function could be enhanced by the Integration
of SCM especially in Auto industry wherein the research is undertaken. The detailed
description of the process, The study deals with integration is given an approach of
explanatory design and questionnaire are used as an instrument to capture the main
data furthermore the study also uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS for
quantitative data analysis. To link the dependant and independent variables, a
conceptual framework is developed, to stress the needs and importance of integration
of SCM. The study reveals the importance of supplies innovatives
Corporate Governance An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Fi...ijtsrd
This study delved the relationship between commercial governance and duty avoidance of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of board independence and CEO duality on effective duty rate. The study espoused the Ex Post Facto exploration design. The population comprised of all quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises on the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE from 2010 to 2020. The sample was intentionally drawn from all the consumer goods manufacturing enterprises of the NSE. Data were attained from periodic reports and accounts of the quoted companies. The study used both descriptive and deducible statistics to assay the data. The suppositions were tested using Retrogression analysis fashion with aid ofE view9.0. From the analysis, the study set up that board independence has positive effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, and this effect isnt statistically significant, also CEO duality has a negative effect on effective duty rate of quoted consumer goods manufacturing enterprises, but this effect is statistically significant. The study thus recommended among others that Moderate board sizes Since an exorbitantly large board size may not ameliorate the effectiveness of opinions, the establishment should maintain optimum board size position and not exceed the sufficient number necessary to drive the company through its vision. Echekoba Felix Nwolisa | Patrick Amechi. Mbanefo | Ubesie Cyril Madubuko "Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study on Tax Avoidance of Consumer Goods Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56304.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56304/corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-on-tax-avoidance-of-consumer-goods-firms-in-nigeria/echekoba-felix-nwolisa
Understanding the Dynamics of Business Group Advantages and Affiliate Level A...inventionjournals
This paper explores the theory of the competitive advantages of business groups and their affiliates. The goal is to address the literature on emerging economies which remains short in providing the theoretical background on the nature of different types of emerging economy firms and their competitiveness. This research offers a theoretical framework on the specific competitive advantages of business groups and their affiliates. Some theoretical and practical implications are presented to elucidate the value of the paper towards our understanding on the growth and behavior of business groups.
Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection Through Interact...Waqas Tariq
Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth. With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past, its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
the ranking and importance of journals can vary significantly depending on your specific field of study or interest. It's crucial to consult with academic advisors, professors, and experts in your field to identify the most relevant and respected journals for your research. Additionally, you should always check the latest impact factors and rankings for the most up-to-date information.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
2. M. O. Orlov, Zh. N. Dibrova, S. Dimitrieva and A. O. Khmeleva
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 899 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
At present, in most modern models of the market economy of Russia and foreign countries,
integrated corporate economic structures are being created, functioning and successfully
developing.
Integration - interconnectedness, system connection into a single whole and, accordingly,
the process of establishing such relations, rapprochement, association of organizations,
industries, etc. There are different types of integration (Figure 1.).
Figure 1. - Types of integration
According to the degree of homogeneity of the assets of the integrated enterprises,
horizontal and vertical integration is distinguished. Horizontal integration contributes to the
unification of enterprises of the same industry, the production of which is characterized by
technological community and homogeneity of products. With this integration, enterprises are
trying to resist competition from strong partners. At the same time, the strategy of horizontal
integration can be aimed at expanding the geography or expanding the product range.
2. METHODOLOGY
Vertical integration implies the unification of enterprises operating in the same or different
industries, connected by a single value chain. The essence of vertical integration lies in the fact
that enterprises prefer to create the necessary elements of the production cycle independently,
within an integrated structure, rather than buying them on the free market [2]. Vertical
integration can be carried out in two directions: towards the suppliers (integration down), or
towards the final consumers of the finished product (integration up) [2]. In order to gain control
over distribution channels, expand market share and conquer new markets, an enterprise that
is an integration core creates its own output stages of the technological chain (direct
integration). Integration in the direction of sources of raw materials (reverse) is to join functions
that were previously performed by suppliers, acquiring ownership and establishing control over
sources of raw materials.
The strategy of vertical integration can be aimed at the full integration of production
activities with participation in all links of the industry value chain or incomplete (partial)
integration, which includes only some links of the value chain [4]. Conglomerate integration is
a combination of companies in different areas of production, leading to an increase in the
number of markets in which the company operates, as well as the unification of various
unrelated organizations (groups of enterprises and organizations) at different stages of
production and operating in various industries economy.
3. Vertical Integration as a Direction of the Strategic Development of a Holding Company
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 900 editor@iaeme.com
The practical manifestation of vertical restrictions can be attributed to the activities of
network companies, or network companies. The attractiveness of the network form of
interrelationships between enterprises is due to the fact that as a result of joint activities,
sufficiently high economic indicators are achieved that are not available in stand-alone
production. Most contracts are regional firms with certain suppliers and consumers. Such
constancy spontaneously forms a certain circle of interdependent enterprises - partners working
in local chains. The key element in creating a network is the presence of a sufficient level of
trust between its members, an example is the Japanese model of network organizations, the so-
called keiretsu, characterized by a high level of mutual moral obligations. In this version, the
network organization does not have a single source of power, and disagreements on economic
issues are resolved by the group members [3].
Within the company integration can be carried out in three main ways [8]:
1) Expansion of activities within one company by organizing its own production of raw
materials
2) Expansion of activities in the framework of a single company through the organization
of its own processing production.
3) Complete merger of enterprises into one legal entity.
In the first and second cases, the expansion of production is due to the consolidation of the
company, but with the preservation of all parts of the industry market. Here the sphere of inter-
company relations is expanding due to an increase in the scale of business. In the third case,
the integration processes are accompanied by a reduction in the number of participants in the
sectoral market, here the production organization, control over property, control over the
management of the previously independent division change somewhat and the scope of intra-
company interactions also expands. Other scientists assign a special role to the association of
enterprises with or without property rights, when enterprises belonging to the association do
not lose their legal independence [5]. The attitude of scientists and practitioners to the
phenomenon of "vertical integration" is generally ambiguous. In the economic literature there
are quite convincing considerations against integration. AND I. Butyrkin believes that they are
of a general nature, and with respect to them there is a rare unanimity among researchers [2].
We give some of them. First, vertical integration increases the company's investment in the
industry or related industries, thereby increasing business risk and not allowing the company
to direct financial resources to other more profitable areas of business.
Secondly, the integration of both “forward” and “backward” imposes restrictions on the
choice of suppliers, orienting the company to domestic sources of supplies of raw materials
and components. Compared to competitors within the company, delivery conditions may be
more costly. Thirdly, vertical integration is accompanied by the problem of imbalance of
production capacity at each stage of the value chain. The optimal volume of production for one
link in the process chain may not correspond to the needs of the other link associated with it.
Fourth, the integrated “forward” and “backward” businesses differ from each other and require
different business abilities and skills. Fifth, vertical integration in the direction of
manufacturers of components can reduce the adaptive capabilities and production flexibility of
the company [2]. Sixth, vertical integration contributes to creating the foundations of monopoly
power and strategic barriers to entry of potential competitors.
3. RESULTS
According to most scholars, there are quite a few motivations to explain the reasons for
integrating enterprises. One of the most important incentives for vertical integration is the
4. M. O. Orlov, Zh. N. Dibrova, S. Dimitrieva and A. O. Khmeleva
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 901 editor@iaeme.com
expectation of obtaining savings on transaction costs associated with the preparation and
conclusion of contracts. This is a direct savings, as in a vertically integrated structure, the costs
associated with obtaining information about prices, suppliers, negotiating and preparing
contracts are reduced.
The second existing incentive for vertical integration is the ability to realize the market
power of a vertically integrated structure. This is possible by eliminating the so-called “double
margin” or “double premium” effect, as a result of which a vertically integrated structure can
reduce intermediate costs and increase profits. A significant motive for vertical integration can
also serve as the possibility of diversification of production. Under the diversification of the
enterprise is the expansion of economic activity to new areas, as a rule, not having a direct
production or functional dependence on its main activity. Diversification, as an investment
strategy aimed at reducing the risk and growth of the company, contributes to the fact that: - a
vertically integrated company allows you to switch to new activities; - gets the opportunity to
expand markets; - allows more efficient use of modern technology;
Modern economic theory explains vertical integration from at least three basic positions:
neoclassical, institutional, and transactional.
Within the framework of the neoclassical theory, vertical integration was investigated as
an important component of the sectoral market structure. Neoclassicists explained vertical
integration from a position of economic efficiency primarily due to the elimination of the
“double premium”.
In the framework of the institutional approach, representatives of the transactional direction
attempted to give their own interpretation of the origin of the vertical integration trend. The
reason they saw in saving transaction costs. However, opponents point out that “saving on
transaction costs” is not the main and main thing, but only a related phenomenon of integration.
You can save on the main cost elements included in the cost of [6]. Vertical integration can be
implemented through various forms of organization of economic activity. Our country has
considerable experience in the field of enterprise integration for joint economic activities. Thus,
the development of social production relations in Russia in the early twentieth century led to
the emergence of such forms of business associations such as trusts and syndicates.
The trust represented a form of association of state enterprises with the rights of a legal
entity. Each trust was a single enterprise, which included several production units. These
associations were financed from the state budget. The trust could own, use and dispose of state
property and was responsible within the limits of this property. Trusts were allowed to make
long-term loans in the form of issuing bonds, and the state did not respond on these bonds [7].
The creation of syndicates in the mid-20s was associated with the need to strengthen control
over the activities of the trusts. During the period of planned economy, syndicates became one
of the elements of the system of planned management. Later, when merging the glavkov and
syndicates into a single system based on the principles of cost accounting, the trusts were
liquidated. Further development of the industry was associated with the redistribution of
management functions towards the decentralization of operational management with rigid
centralized management [9; 11-12].
Further, as a result of the reorganization, industry-specific industrial associations, whose
functioning was based on cooperative ties, replaced the syndicates. By “cooperation” is meant
an intra-industry association of organizations (groups of organizations) operating within a
single technological process. In the Soviet period, in the conditions of a planned economy,
close attention was paid to the issues of co-operation. Under socialism, a planning system was
introduced that determined the general directions in the planned distribution of products and
was expressed in attaching buyers to suppliers.
5. Vertical Integration as a Direction of the Strategic Development of a Holding Company
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 902 editor@iaeme.com
The further development and improvement of the specialization and cooperation of
production was facilitated by the creation in the USSR in the early 60s of production
associations, which are a single production and economic complex, which included plants,
research, technological, design and other organizations that have production communication.
This kind of production associations became an important economic unit of industry, whose
activities were based on a combination of centralized management with the economic
independence of the association. The production units that are part of the production
association were not legal entities and acted in accordance with the Regulations on the
Production Association (Combine), approved by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers of
March 27, 1974. At the same time, concerns, consortia, associations, and unions began to form
[1].
Within the framework of the concern several independent enterprises were united in order
to carry out joint activities. At the same time, managerial functions were strictly centralized.
Merging companies into consortia was temporary. The duration of cooperation of enterprises
that had the status of a legal entity was determined by the scale of joint activities. The jointly
selected management exercised the management of the consortium. Associations and unions
can be called a special form of association of enterprises. These types of associations were
included in the company, which, despite being united to achieve common goals, did not lose
their strategic, legal and economic autonomy.
In the period of transition from administrative economy to the market, there was a change
in the system of social relations, the redistribution of property, the rupture of economic
relations, which led to a recession and inefficiency of production. Evaluating the depth of the
decline in production as a result of the reforms, it should be noted that in the last quarter of
1991 industrial production in the USSR had already fallen by 21% compared with the
corresponding period of 1990 and a quarter relative to the highest point reached in 1989 ".
These circumstances necessitated the formation of efficient industrial production on the basis
of vertical integration, ensuring business consolidation and its concentration. This led to the
widespread use of such forms of business organization as holding companies or holding
companies. Their contribution to the real economy becomes significant: since the share of
holdings in the number of enterprises is 39%, in the number of employees - 64%.
E.O. Kutin offers the term “holding” to mean a structured association of interrelated
organizations that does not have the status of a legal entity, but has partial legal capacity and
acts in various markets for goods and services as a single, consolidated entity. ” In our opinion,
this definition does not reflect the distinctive features of the holding form of organization. A
more precise definition is given by V.V. Minaev and I.N. Mikheeva, highlighting the main
characteristics of the holding: the presence in its composition of industrial enterprises and the
ability to have a significant impact on the activities of subsidiaries and affiliates. Thus, they
understand an industrial holding as an association of legal entities with the participation of an
industrial organization (industrial organizations) in which the parent (parent) company has the
ability, directly or indirectly (through a third party), to have a significant impact on the
decisions made by the management bodies of its subsidiaries. and dependent societies.
4. CONCLUSION
The main modern trends in the development of Russian industrial holdings are: high dynamism
of development and an increasing role in the development of the country's economy; expansion
of the number of companies included in the holding and the formation of subholdings;
strengthening inter-company and intra-company cooperation; increasing the concentration of
production resources; increased innovation activity; activization of foreign economic activity.
6. M. O. Orlov, Zh. N. Dibrova, S. Dimitrieva and A. O. Khmeleva
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 903 editor@iaeme.com
In our opinion, the benefits of vertical integration in the metallurgical industry can be fully
realized on the basis of the holding form of organization of activities, since a combination of
centralized and decentralized management is possible within the holding. Centralization allows
for additional effects, and decentralization facilitates rapid adaptation to changing conditions.
So, despite numerous researches of scientists, both in foreign, and in the domestic theory
and practice, the unified attitude to the “integration” phenomenon has not been fully formed.
In our country, the advantages of vertical integration have been studied and gained widespread
adoption in the period of a planned economy. However, the use of domestic experience does
not fully allow changes in business conditions. In this regard, we believe that in modern
conditions integration issues require additional research on the mechanisms of interaction
between holding companies' participants, taking into account, on the one hand, accumulated
theoretical and practical experience, and on the other hand, modern realities and industry-
specific enterprises.
REFERENCES
[1] Regulation on the production association (combine), approved by the decision of the
Council of Ministers of the USSR dated March 27, 1974. [Electronic resource]. - Access
mode:http://www.alppp.ru/law/grazhdanskoe-pravo/yuridicheskie-lica/114/postanovlenie-
sovmina-sssr-ot-27-03-1974--212.html. - Date of treatment: 06/05/2013.
[2] Butyrkin A.Ya. (2003). Vertical integration and vertical restrictions in industry. Editorial
URSS, 2003. - 198 p.
[3] Fukuyama F. (2004). Trust: social virtues and the path to prosperity. Publishing House
AST, 2004. - 730 c.
[4] Ivanova V.N., Atyukova O.K., Poltarykhin A.L. (2018). Prerequisites of growth of
investment and social attractiveness of the regions of Russia within the framework of
implementation of the public-private partnership projects. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018, pp. 2299-2305.
[5] Poltarykhin A.L., Alekseev A.E., Kudryavtsev V.V., Voronkova O.Y. and Aydinov H.T.
(2018). Prospects for the development of the green economy of Russian federation.
European Research Studies Journal Volume XXI, Issue 4, 2018, pp. 470-479.
[6] Poltarykhin A.L., Suray N.M., Zemskov Y.V., Abramov Y.V. and Glotko A.V. (2018).
Food safety in the Russian Federation, its problems with the solutions. Academy of
Strategic Management Journal, Year 2018. 17(4). 6 p.
[7] Dmitry Stapran, Outsourcing Vs Vertical Integration in Oil & Gas Industry in Russia: A
Case of Virtual Organization?, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 993–1002.
[8] Sandu I., Vasilieva Y. (2011). Theoretical and methodological aspects of the application of
standardization in holding companies. Risk: market, information, supplies, competition. -
2011. - № 1. - p. 191 - 198.
[9] Thompson Jr. A.A. (2006). Strategic management: concept and situations for analysis.
Williams, 2006. - 928 p.
[10] Yalyalieva T.V., Nosov V.V., Volkova T.S., Tekueva M.T. and Pavlenko I.V. (2016).
Issues Of Import Substitution In The Agro-Industrial Sector, Research Journal of
Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. Vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1620–1624.
[11] Taranov, V. A., Baranov, V. F., & Aleksandrova, T. N. (2013). Review of software tools
for modeling and calculation of ore preparation flowsheets. Obogashchenie Rud, (5), 3-7.
[12] Kozlov E.V., Derevyannykh E.V., Balashova N.A., Yaskevich R.A., Moskalenko O.L.
(2018) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Socio-Economic Burden of Adult
Population (Scientific Review). Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 10 (3):
180-199. doi: 10.12731/wsd-2018-3-180-199