Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth. With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past, its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
evaluating a security in an attempt to measure its intrinsic value, by examining related economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysts study anything that can affect the security's value, including macroeconomic factors such as the overall economy and industry conditions, and microeconomic factors such as financial conditions and company management. The end goal of fundamental analysis is to produce a quantitative value that an investor can compare with a security's current price, thus indicating whether the security is undervalued or overvalued
The Industry Overview Model is a tool for visually presenting and comparing a large amount of data in a compact manner.
It takes use of Porter's Diamond, PESTEL, SWOT, forecasting and risk assessment. Presentation and handling of data is based on the GE McKinsey matrix.
evaluating a security in an attempt to measure its intrinsic value, by examining related economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysts study anything that can affect the security's value, including macroeconomic factors such as the overall economy and industry conditions, and microeconomic factors such as financial conditions and company management. The end goal of fundamental analysis is to produce a quantitative value that an investor can compare with a security's current price, thus indicating whether the security is undervalued or overvalued
The Industry Overview Model is a tool for visually presenting and comparing a large amount of data in a compact manner.
It takes use of Porter's Diamond, PESTEL, SWOT, forecasting and risk assessment. Presentation and handling of data is based on the GE McKinsey matrix.
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of internal factors (Net Profit Margin,
Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, and Price Earning Ratio) and macro economic
(Inflation and Interest Rate) on stock return. The object of research is companies from contruction, property
and real estate sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017. The sample selection procedure is purposive
sampling.
The presentation explains that overall fundamental analysis in a company like economic, industry, and company analysis its gives a brief explanation about that.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of internal factors (Net Profit Margin,
Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, and Price Earning Ratio) and macro economic
(Inflation and Interest Rate) on stock return. The object of research is companies from contruction, property
and real estate sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017. The sample selection procedure is purposive
sampling.
The presentation explains that overall fundamental analysis in a company like economic, industry, and company analysis its gives a brief explanation about that.
Impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capital...inventionjournals
Panel data has been collected for 44 Middle Eastern banks that are operated during 2005 to 2014 in different Middle Eastern countries. Secondary data has been collected primarily through the DataStream database. The study is conducted to investigate the impact of profitability, bank and macroeconomic factors on the market capitalization of the Middle Eastern banks. Results of Hausman test have explained that fixed effect model is appropriate for the analysis. The result of multiple regression have shown that market capitalization has positive relationship with ROI while negative relationship with credit risk, inflation, and year dummy for the Middle Eastern banks. Furthermore, no relationship has been observed between market capitalization and the ROA, ROE, growth and exchange rate for the Middle Eastern banks.
Understanding Stock Returns as a Combination of Speculative and Fundamental G...ijtsrd
The Indian stock market returns are largely speculative in nature. Taking twenty stocks off of the Sensex, the Total return of the stock was split into the fundamentally arising returns and the speculative return. This revealed the speculative nature of the Indian Stock market. What this means is that, the good stocks with strong fundamentals may have a low total return as a result of low speculative returns, similarly fundamentally weak stocks may potentially have high speculative returns, resulting in high total returns. Thus, a bifurcation of this sort can help investors with different investment objectives, horizons and risk appetite, invest to achieve their goals. Sanishtha Bhatia | Anshika Lara | Danvi Shah | Shanav Jalan | Shreejit Sawant "Understanding Stock Returns as a Combination of Speculative and Fundamental Growth: An Emperical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31742.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/31742/understanding-stock-returns-as-a-combination-of-speculative-and-fundamental-growth-an-emperical-study/sanishtha-bhatia
An alternative perspective to EM investing: The case for an industry allocati...Jean Meilhoc Ricaume
Investors have long recognised the compelling opportunity offered by emerging markets equities. Yet while returns from the asset class have considerably outperformed developed markets equities over previous market cycles, they have tended to be more volatile, severely testing investors’ resolve. Rather than attempting to time market allocations, or select regions or specific countries to over- or underweight, we believe that our proprietary emerging markets macro growth indicators and skill in identifying industry performance relative to them may offer investors a differentiated source of returns.
Running head WHOLESALE INDUSTRYWHOLESALE INDUSTRY.docxrtodd599
Running head: WHOLESALE INDUSTRYWHOLESALE INDUSTRY
2
Wholesale industry
Edwaurdo King
November 8, 2018
Dr. B. West
Strayer University
Introduction
Wholesale industry is one of the sectors that ensures that goods from the producers reach to the intended consumers either directly or through the retailers. The industry deals in a variety of consumer goods and services (college grad, 2018). The industry is responsible for the transfer of the required products from the manufacturers to the consumers without making any change in the content or outlook of the products.
Industry Goods and Services
The industry deals with goods such as agricultural products, manufactured goods, and capital goods. The wholesalers use the warehouses as their main offices as they contact their clients to inform them of the available products. The role of the industry is to gather the finished products from different sectors for ease of collection by the retailers from their warehouses. The industry reduces the distance between the producers and consumers (college grad, 2018).
Market Structure and Characteristics
The capital requirement for the industry is enormous thus limiting the number of firms and individuals who can operate in the industry. There is stiff competition in the industry caused by the desire of individual firms to increase their sales volume (Fischer, 2018). The high cost of initial capital discourages the new entrant into the market, therefore, helping in maintaining a low number of firms in the market. Other factors such as product promotion, discounts, and bonuses are used to attract customers to give a difference between the companies. The characteristic in the market shows that the industry operates in an oligopoly market structure (Fischer, 2018).
The wholesale industry lack uniformity of the firms. There are different sizes of the firm in the industry because of the various products they sell. The size of the company is determined the amount of money invested and its level of trade in the market. Other firms are enormous while others are relatively small but operate in the same market (Fischer, 2018).
Microeconomic Relationships, Market Outcomes, and/or Trends
The industry has witnessed several changes in sales volume and the employment rate. The increase in sales in the wholesale sector is as a result of their fair prices compared to the prices offered by the retail trade industry. The number of employment opportunities has been in the rise for the past four months because of the expansion of the industry and improvement regarding trade (Wholesale Trade: NAICS 42, 2018). The number of job opportunities had increased from 5.8 billion in July 2018 to 6 billion in October 2018. The industry has an increasing earning rate from 3.3% in 2014 to 4.5% in 2017. The industry continues to attract more investor because of its rate of return on the investments. (Wholesale Trade: NAICS 42, 2018). Most of the firm has invested in technology th.
Feedback from peersThanks so much for your response. Very welChereCheek752
Feedback from peers
“Thanks so much for your response. Very well done!
I like the competitive forces model and the broad factor analysis which are models that other students have not really discussed.
All of these models can add value. The important thing if the company has the resources in an ideal world is perhaps use both models or multiple models.
If you know anything about research if you do different types of research focused on the same topic and come up with the same answers then you know you've done a good job!”
__________________________
“Great post, I enjoyed reading about the competitive forces model and the broad factors analysis. I agree with you that this is a great tool to use to include the internal and external factors. Politics should certainly be understood before entering into a foreign country and setting up camp. Learning about the macro-environmental factors would indeed need to be known to understand the impact of the environmental surroundings of where you would intend to expand globally (Corporate Finance Institute, 2021).
The competitive forces model is also extremely pertinent as you mention. Knowing the competition and the current market is crucial to the success of the organization. I appreciate that you talk about how difficult entry gives you a competitive advantage. I don't know if I understood that before, but you make a very good point in that regard. So with the difficult entry the contract agreement, is longer and there are better benefits offered? “
__________________________
PEER Discussion post
After reviewing the response of Deborah, I also collaborate with her opinion that there are still more positive ideas that can lead to improvements in the global market planning strategies. The adoption of technology can lead to various promotions in conjunction with the local production at the international business. Different decisions made by the stakeholders are mostly triggered by the level of competition that exists on the organization's premises. Moreover, the present-day global competition entails some aspects which evaluate the market share. On most occasions, several organization strategies, including the multinational rivals, do not differ looking at the approaches, productivity, and experience.
Following the previous meeting with Deborah, I learned various aspects which as a team, we should all bear in mind, and these aspects entail the most suitable approaches concerning the movement in connection with more formal analysis (Harrison, Freitas, Drinnan, Campos, Masci, di Maria & Whitaker, 2019). With the traditional analysis approaches, one can better understand because the visual elements pictorial are always running in one's mind. Although the formal analysis aspect takes much or longer time to express certain information, it provides evaluations and definitions which don't require clerical explanations (Turkmen, den Hartog, Ranise, & Zannone, 2017).
Following the Tiffany and mike suggestion ...
The Use of Java Swing’s Components to Develop a WidgetWaqas Tariq
Widget is a kind of application provides a single service such as a map, news feed, simple clock, battery-life indicators, etc. This kind of interactive software object has been developed to facilitate user interface (UI) design. A user interface (UI) function may be implemented using different widgets with the same function. In this article, we present the widget as a platform that is generally used in various applications, such as in desktop, web browser, and mobile phone. We also describe a visual menu of Java Swing’s components that will be used to establish widget. It will assume that we have successfully compiled and run a program that uses Swing components.
3D Human Hand Posture Reconstruction Using a Single 2D ImageWaqas Tariq
Passive sensing of the 3D geometric posture of the human hand has been studied extensively over the past decade. However, these research efforts have been hampered by the computational complexity caused by inverse kinematics and 3D reconstruction. In this paper, our objective focuses on 3D hand posture estimation based on a single 2D image with aim of robotic applications. We introduce the human hand model with 27 degrees of freedom (DOFs) and analyze some of its constraints to reduce the DOFs without any significant degradation of performance. A novel algorithm to estimate the 3D hand posture from eight 2D projected feature points is proposed. Experimental results using real images confirm that our algorithm gives good estimates of the 3D hand pose. Keywords: 3D hand posture estimation; Model-based approach; Gesture recognition; human- computer interface; machine vision.
Camera as Mouse and Keyboard for Handicap Person with Troubleshooting Ability...Waqas Tariq
Camera mouse has been widely used for handicap person to interact with computer. The utmost important of the use of camera mouse is must be able to replace all roles of typical mouse and keyboard. It must be able to provide all mouse click events and keyboard functions (include all shortcut keys) when it is used by handicap person. Also, the use of camera mouse must allow users troubleshooting by themselves. Moreover, it must be able to eliminate neck fatigue effect when it is used during long period. In this paper, we propose camera mouse system with timer as left click event and blinking as right click event. Also, we modify original screen keyboard layout by add two additional buttons (button “drag/ drop” is used to do drag and drop of mouse events and another button is used to call task manager (for troubleshooting)) and change behavior of CTRL, ALT, SHIFT, and CAPS LOCK keys in order to provide shortcut keys of keyboard. Also, we develop recovery method which allows users go from camera and then come back again in order to eliminate neck fatigue effect. The experiments which involve several users have been done in our laboratory. The results show that the use of our camera mouse able to allow users do typing, left and right click events, drag and drop events, and troubleshooting without hand. By implement this system, handicap person can use computer more comfortable and reduce the dryness of eyes.
A Proposed Web Accessibility Framework for the Arab DisabledWaqas Tariq
The Web is providing unprecedented access to information and interaction for people with disabilities. This paper presents a Web accessibility framework which offers the ease of the Web accessing for the disabled Arab users and facilitates their lifelong learning as well. The proposed framework system provides the disabled Arab user with an easy means of access using their mother language so they don’t have to overcome the barrier of learning the target-spoken language. This framework is based on analyzing the web page meta-language, extracting its content and reformulating it in a suitable format for the disabled users. The basic objective of this framework is supporting the equal rights of the Arab disabled people for their access to the education and training with non disabled people. Key Words : Arabic Moon code, Arabic Sign Language, Deaf, Deaf-blind, E-learning Interactivity, Moon code, Web accessibility , Web framework , Web System, WWW.
Real Time Blinking Detection Based on Gabor FilterWaqas Tariq
New method of blinking detection is proposed. The utmost important of blinking detections method is robust against different users, noise, and also change of eye shape. In this paper, we propose blinking detections method by measuring of distance between two arcs of eye (upper part and lower part). We detect eye arcs by apply Gabor filter onto eye image. As we know that Gabor filter has advantage on image processing application since it able to extract spatial localized spectral features, such line, arch, and other shape are more easily detected. After two of eye arcs are detected, we measure the distance between both by using connected labeling method. The open eye is marked by the distance between two arcs is more than threshold and otherwise, the closed eye is marked by the distance less than threshold. The experiment result shows that our proposed method robust enough against different users, noise, and eye shape changes with perfectly accuracy.
Computer Input with Human Eyes-Only Using Two Purkinje Images Which Works in ...Waqas Tariq
A method for computer input with human eyes-only using two Purkinje images which works in a real time basis without calibration is proposed. Experimental results shows that cornea curvature can be estimated by using two light sources derived Purkinje images so that no calibration for reducing person-to-person difference of cornea curvature. It is found that the proposed system allows usersf movements of 30 degrees in roll direction and 15 degrees in pitch direction utilizing detected face attitude which is derived from the face plane consisting three feature points on the face, two eyes and nose or mouth. Also it is found that the proposed system does work in a real time basis.
Toward a More Robust Usability concept with Perceived Enjoyment in the contex...Waqas Tariq
Mobile multimedia service is relatively new but has quickly dominated people¡¯s lives, especially among young people. To explain this popularity, this study applies and modifies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to propose a research model and conduct an empirical study. The goal of study is to examine the role of Perceived Enjoyment (PE) and what determinants can contribute to PE in the context of using mobile multimedia service. The result indicates that PE is influencing on Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and directly Behavior Intention (BI). Aesthetics and flow are key determinants to explain Perceived Enjoyment (PE) in mobile multimedia usage.
Collaborative Learning of Organisational KnolwedgeWaqas Tariq
This paper presents recent research into methods used in Australian Indigenous Knowledge sharing and looks at how these can support the creation of suitable collaborative envi- ronments for timely organisational learning. The protocols and practices as used today and in the past by Indigenous communities are presented and discussed in relation to their relevance to a personalised system of knowledge sharing in modern organisational cultures. This research focuses on user models, knowledge acquisition and integration of data for constructivist learning in a networked repository of or- ganisational knowledge. The data collected in the repository is searched to provide collections of up-to-date and relevant material for training in a work environment. The aim is to improve knowledge collection and sharing in a team envi- ronment. This knowledge can then be collated into a story or workflow that represents the present knowledge in the organisation.
Our research aims to propose a global approach for specification, design and verification of context awareness Human Computer Interface (HCI). This is a Model Based Design approach (MBD). This methodology describes the ubiquitous environment by ontologies. OWL is the standard used for this purpose. The specification and modeling of Human-Computer Interaction are based on Petri nets (PN). This raises the question of representation of Petri nets with XML. We use for this purpose, the standard of modeling PNML. In this paper, we propose an extension of this standard for specification, generation and verification of HCI. This extension is a methodological approach for the construction of PNML with Petri nets. The design principle uses the concept of composition of elementary structures of Petri nets as PNML Modular. The objective is to obtain a valid interface through verification of properties of elementary Petri nets represented with PNML.
Development of Sign Signal Translation System Based on Altera’s FPGA DE2 BoardWaqas Tariq
The main aim of this paper is to build a system that is capable of detecting and recognizing the hand gesture in an image captured by using a camera. The system is built based on Altera’s FPGA DE2 board, which contains a Nios II soft core processor. Image processing techniques and a simple but effective algorithm are implemented to achieve this purpose. Image processing techniques are used to smooth the image in order to ease the subsequent processes in translating the hand sign signal. The algorithm is built for translating the numerical hand sign signal and the result are displayed on the seven segment display. Altera’s Quartus II, SOPC Builder and Nios II EDS software are used to construct the system. By using SOPC Builder, the related components on the DE2 board can be interconnected easily and orderly compared to traditional method that requires lengthy source code and time consuming. Quartus II is used to compile and download the design to the DE2 board. Then, under Nios II EDS, C programming language is used to code the hand sign translation algorithm. Being able to recognize the hand sign signal from images can helps human in controlling a robot and other applications which require only a simple set of instructions provided a CMOS sensor is included in the system.
An overview on Advanced Research Works on Brain-Computer InterfaceWaqas Tariq
A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a proficient result in the research field of human- computer synergy, where direct articulation between brain and an external device occurs resulting in augmenting, assisting and repairing human cognitive. Advanced works like generating brain-computer interface switch technologies for intermittent (or asynchronous) control in natural environments or developing brain-computer interface by Fuzzy logic Systems or by implementing wavelet theory to drive its efficacies are still going on and some useful results has also been found out. The requirements to develop this brain machine interface is also growing day by day i.e. like neuropsychological rehabilitation, emotion control, etc. An overview on the control theory and some advanced works on the field of brain machine interface are shown in this paper.
Exploring the Relationship Between Mobile Phone and Senior Citizens: A Malays...Waqas Tariq
There is growing ageing phenomena with the rise of ageing population throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization (2002), the growing ageing population indicates 694 million, or 223% is expected for people aged 60 and over, since 1970 and 2025.The growth is especially significant in some advanced countries such as North America, Japan, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom and so forth. This growing older adult population has significantly impact the social-culture, lifestyle, healthcare system, economy, infrastructure and government policy of a nation. However, there are limited research studies on the perception and usage of a mobile phone and its service for senior citizens in a developing nation like Malaysia. This paper explores the relationship between mobile phones and senior citizens in Malaysia from the perspective of a developing country. We conducted an exploratory study using contextual interviews with 5 senior citizens of how they perceive their mobile phones. This paper reveals 4 interesting themes from this preliminary study, in addition to the findings of the desirable mobile requirements for local senior citizens with respect of health, safety and communication purposes. The findings of this study bring interesting insight to local telecommunication industries as a whole, and will also serve as groundwork for more in-depth study in the future.
Principles of Good Screen Design in WebsitesWaqas Tariq
Visual techniques for proper arrangement of the elements on the user screen have helped the designers to make the screen look good and attractive. Several visual techniques emphasize the arrangement and ordering of the screen elements based on particular criteria for best appearance of the screen. This paper investigates few significant visual techniques in various web user interfaces and showcases the results for better understanding and their presence.
Virtual teams are used more and more by companies and other organizations to receive benefits. They are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same physical place at the same time. As companies seek to increase the use of virtual teams, a need exists to explore the context of these teams, the virtuality of a team and software that may help these teams working virtualy. Virtual teams have the same basic principles as traditional teams, but there is one big difference. This difference is the way the team members communicate. Instead of using the dynamics of in-office face-to-face exchange, they now rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as e-mails, faxes, phone calls and teleconferences, virtual meetings etc. This is why this paper is focused on the issues regarding virtual teams, and how these teams are created and progressing in Albania.
Cognitive Approach Towards the Maintenance of Web-Sites Through Quality Evalu...Waqas Tariq
It is a well established fact that the Web-Applications require frequent maintenance because of cutting– edge business competitions. The authors have worked on quality evaluation of web-site of Indian ecommerce domain. As a result of that work they have made a quality-wise ranking of these sites. According to their work and also the survey done by various other groups Futurebazaar web-site is considered to be one of the best Indian e-shopping sites. In this research paper the authors are assessing the maintenance of the same site by incorporating the problems incurred during this evaluation. This exercise gives a real world maintainability problem of web-sites. This work will give a clear picture of all the quality metrics which are directly or indirectly related with the maintainability of the web-site.
USEFul: A Framework to Mainstream Web Site Usability through Automated Evalua...Waqas Tariq
A paradox has been observed whereby web site usability is proven to be an essential element in a web site, yet at the same time there exist an abundance of web pages with poor usability. This discrepancy is the result of limitations that are currently preventing web developers in the commercial sector from producing usable web sites. In this paper we propose a framework whose objective is to alleviate this problem by automating certain aspects of the usability evaluation process. Mainstreaming comes as a result of automation, therefore enabling a non-expert in the field of usability to conduct the evaluation. This results in reducing the costs associated with such evaluation. Additionally, the framework allows the flexibility of adding, modifying or deleting guidelines without altering the code that references them since the guidelines and the code are two separate components. A comparison of the evaluation results carried out using the framework against published evaluations of web sites carried out by web site usability professionals reveals that the framework is able to automatically identify the majority of usability violations. Due to the consistency with which it evaluates, it identified additional guideline-related violations that were not identified by the human evaluators.
Robot Arm Utilized Having Meal Support System Based on Computer Input by Huma...Waqas Tariq
A robot arm utilized having meal support system based on computer input by human eyes only is proposed. The proposed system is developed for handicap/disabled persons as well as elderly persons and tested with able persons with several shapes and size of eyes under a variety of illumination conditions. The test results with normal persons show the proposed system does work well for selection of the desired foods and for retrieve the foods as appropriate as usersf requirements. It is found that the proposed system is 21% much faster than the manually controlled robotics.
Dynamic Construction of Telugu Speech Corpus for Voice Enabled Text EditorWaqas Tariq
In recent decades speech interactive systems have gained increasing importance. Performance of an ASR system mainly depends on the availability of large corpus of speech. The conventional method of building a large vocabulary speech recognizer for any language uses a top-down approach to speech. This approach requires large speech corpus with sentence or phoneme level transcription of the speech utterances. The transcriptions must also include different speech order so that the recognizer can build models for all the sounds present. But, for Telugu language, because of its complex nature, a very large, well annotated speech database is very difficult to build. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to cover all the words of any Indian language, where each word may have thousands and millions of word forms. A significant part of grammar that is handled by syntax in English (and other similar languages) is handled within morphology in Telugu. Phrases including several words (that is, tokens) in English would be mapped on to a single word in Telugu.Telugu language is phonetic in nature in addition to rich in morphology. That is why the speech technology developed for English cannot be applied to Telugu language. This paper highlights the work carried out in an attempt to build a voice enabled text editor with capability of automatic term suggestion. Main claim of the paper is the recognition enhancement process developed by us for suitability of highly inflecting, rich morphological languages. This method results in increased speech recognition accuracy with very much reduction in corpus size. It also adapts Telugu words to the database dynamically, resulting in growth of the corpus.
An Improved Approach for Word Ambiguity RemovalWaqas Tariq
Word ambiguity removal is a task of removing ambiguity from a word, i.e. correct sense of word is identified from ambiguous sentences. This paper describes a model that uses Part of Speech tagger and three categories for word sense disambiguation (WSD). Human Computer Interaction is very needful to improve interactions between users and computers. For this, the Supervised and Unsupervised methods are combined. The WSD algorithm is used to find the efficient and accurate sense of a word based on domain information. The accuracy of this work is evaluated with the aim of finding best suitable domain of word. Keywords: Human Computer Interaction, Supervised Training, Unsupervised Learning, Word Ambiguity, Word sense disambiguation
Parameters Optimization for Improving ASR Performance in Adverse Real World N...Waqas Tariq
From the existing research it has been observed that many techniques and methodologies are available for performing every step of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, but the performance (Minimization of Word Error Recognition-WER and Maximization of Word Accuracy Rate- WAR) of the methodology is not dependent on the only technique applied in that method. The research work indicates that, performance mainly depends on the category of the noise, the level of the noise and the variable size of the window, frame, frame overlap etc is considered in the existing methods. The main aim of the work presented in this paper is to use variable size of parameters like window size, frame size and frame overlap percentage to observe the performance of algorithms for various categories of noise with different levels and also train the system for all size of parameters and category of real world noisy environment to improve the performance of the speech recognition system. This paper presents the results of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Accuracy test by applying variable size of parameters. It is observed that, it is really very hard to evaluate test results and decide parameter size for ASR performance improvement for its resultant optimization. Hence, this study further suggests the feasible and optimum parameter size using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for enhancing resultant accuracy in adverse real world noisy environmental conditions. This work will be helpful to give discriminative training of ubiquitous ASR system for better Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Keywords: ASR Performance, ASR Parameters Optimization, Multi-Environmental Training, Fuzzy Inference System for ASR, ubiquitous ASR system, Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection Through Interactive and Dynamic Graphs
1. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 1
Movement of Share Prices and Sectoral Analysis: A Reflection
Through Interactive and Dynamic Graphs
Chayan Paul chayan.aus@gmail.com
Department of Business Administration,
Assam University, Silchar
Assam – 788011
India
Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee djb.stat@gmail.com
Department of Business Administration,
Assam University, Silchar
Assam – 788011
India
Ranjit Singh look_for_ranjit@yahoo.com
Department of Business Administration,
Assam University, Silchar
Assam – 788011
India
Abstract
Interaction in graphs gives the user with an advantage to analyze the data in greater depth.
With the help of interactive graphics users can get better insight of the data in comparison to
the static graphical tools. This paper introduces an interactive graphical tool consisting of two
graphs, a line diagram complemented by a boxplot. The line diagram helps to understand
how successive values of a variable are related to time and box plot can help the visual
comparison of several such variables. Here the line diagram is used to visualize share prices
of a company corresponding to a number of days and the boxplot displays the position of the
Share price of all companies in a particular sector. An investor in share market needs to
consider a number of factors before making any decision about investment. Some of the
factors influencing the decision are the performance of the particular security in recent past,
its position in terms of share price in its own sector. The graphical technique used in this
software tool shall be helpful while making investment decision.
Keywords: Boxplot, Line Diagram, Share Market, Statistical Graphics.
1. INTRODUCTION
Interactive and dynamic graphs can be prepared easily with the help of advanced graphical
software. Interactive graphics allows analyst to draw better inferences in comparisn to the
non-interactive methods. Through live visual displays, interactive graphics offer insights
which are impossible to achieve with traditional statistical tools [1]. The present state of
computer software and hardware technology encourages to draw graphs in delightfull way to
portray the insight of available data. Today’s advanced state of information technology has
opened up opportunities to communicate statistical information in a way that can be easily
understood not only by experts but even by the layman [2]. Application of interactive
graphics can be found in various fields like national statistics [3], national economy [4], time
series data [5] etc. Use of dynamic and interactive graphs can be found in the field of
financial analysis. A good number of web based applications like online technical charts [6]
and standalone charting application software can be found that are used to analyze stock
market information in dynamic and interactive way.
This paper presents a software developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 for drawing two
graphical tools viz. line diagram and boxplot. The line diagram is drawn taking the closing
share price of a particular company for last few days. It shall depict how the share price of the
said company has been moving during those days. The boxplot, on the other hand, shall
depict the position of all the companies in a particular sector.
2. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 2
2. FLUCTUATIONS IN SHARE MARKET
Investment is the sacrifice of current consumption for the future benefit. There are various
avenues for investment. Some of the avenues provide certain return and there are certain
avenues providing uncertain return. The investment instruments that provide certain return
includes bank fixed deposits, corporate bonds, government securities etc. However, there are
another set of instruments that does not guarantee the return and one such instrument is
equity share. The return from the share is dependent upon the performance of the company.
The return from the equity shares depends upon the price of the equity shares in the market.
Price of a share at every given moment is an "efficient" reflection of the expected value. The
fluctuation in the price of the shares is dependent on many factors. Some of the factors are
performance of the company, market conditions, general economic conditions, cyclic
fluctuations, condition of the industry/sector to which company belongs etc. Besides, interest
rates, inflation, quarterly earnings reports, news on corporate events, crime and fraudulent
activities, energy prices, war and terrorism, and other local and worldwide political factors
also play significant role in determining the share prices [7].
Another theory of share price determination comes from the field of Behavioral Finance.
According to Behavioral Finance, humans often make irrational decisions particularly, related
to the buying and selling of securities. It is based upon fears and misperceptions of
outcomes. The irrational trading of securities can often create securities prices which vary
from rational, fundamental price valuations [8].
All the above factors affect the supply and demand for the shares. The price of a stock is
determined by supply and demand. The price of the stock moves in order to achieve and
maintain equilibrium. For example, if there are more people wanting to buy a stock than to
sell it, the price will be driven up because those shares are rarer and people will pay a higher
price for them and vice versa. Even if there is nothing wrong with a company, a large
shareholder who is trying to sell millions of shares at a time can drive the price of the stock
down, simply because there are not enough people interested in buying the stock he/she is
trying to sell.
3. INDUSTRIAL OR SECTORAL ANALYSIS IN SHARE MARKET
The fields of fundamental analysis and technical analysis attempt to understand market
conditions that lead to price changes, or even predict future price levels. Fundamental
analysis is the examination of the underlying forces that affect the well being of the economy,
industry groups, and companies. As with most analysis, the goal is to derive a forecast and
profit from future price movements. At the company level, fundamental analysis may involve
examination of financial data, management, business concept and competition. At the
industry level or sector level, there might be an examination of supply and demand forces for
the products offered. To forecast future stock prices, fundamental analysis combines
economic, industry, and company analysis to derive a stock's current fair value and forecast
future value [7].
By analyzing the sector or industry, an investor would want to consider the overall growth
rate, market size, and importance to the economy. Although, the individual company is still
important but its industry group is likely to exert just as much, or more, influence on the stock
price [7]. When stocks move, they usually move as groups; there are very few lone guns.
Sometimes it is said that it is more important to be in the right industry/sector than in the right
stock. There are certain things that are more relevant to be seen from the sectors point of
view rather than that of the individual company. These are product position, competitive
advantage, leader in the sector, barriers to entry in the industry etc. Each industry/sector has
differences in terms of its customer base, market share among firms, industry-wide growth,
competition, regulation and business cycles. Learning about how the industry or sector works
will give an investor a deeper understanding of a company's financial health.
In doing the sectoral analysis, one can compare a stock price to other companies in the same
sector. It stands to reason that two or more publicly traded companies in the same sector
should be roughly similar in stock price, but this is rarely the case. By analyzing an entire
business sector (airlines, banking, construction, IT etc.), one gets a feel for which are the best
3. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 3
performing stocks in that particular sector. Comparing the stock prices side by side often
reveals which companies are best poised for growth in that sector. There are certain factors
in sectoral analysis which have influence in the performance of individual stocks belonging to
the same sector [9]. These are given below:
(i) Industry Growth
(ii) Competition within the Industry
(iii) Regulatory Framework within the Industry
Industry analysis is the examination made in a specific sector or industry. Industry analysis
investigates the general fundamentals of the equities within the industry but more importantly
investigates the state of external factors and how they should affect the particular industry or
sub sector. Different macroeconomic data and other statistics have a particular bearing on
certain industries and analysts gauge to see how these data will affect them. Furthermore
industry analysts also investigate the level of demand such as consumer tastes and supply
such as competition within the industry and how stock prices should get affected by them.
4. THE NEED FOR INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
To summarize, these are the reasons why industry analysis is important:
(i) Generally the performance of a company is a function of the performance of the industry.
For example, if raw material in a particular industry has gone up then all the companies in
the industry will get affected.
(ii) If an industry suddenly gets in vogue or if a sudden change in the news is perceived to be
good or bad for an industry the price of the stock will be affected mainly from what the
average investor believes and most investors will follow industry trends.
(iii) Choosing a stock after sectoral analysis has its advantages. It is a lot easier to pick a
stock from a specific industry, especially if one has to develop a long/short position with
the purpose of removing industry and market risk.
A popular tool for analysing the share price of a particular organization is the Japanese
Candlesticks. There are number of websites (e.g., [10], [11]) and standalone software
packages (e.g., [12]) where one can draw the Japanese candlesticks for analysing the share
price of a particular organization. A candlestick displays the opening price, closing price,
maximum price and minimum price for a single day for a particular organization. For a period
of time; for every single day, a candlestick is drawn. Thus a candlestick pattern provides
visualization of performance of a single company for selected number of days.
One drawback with the Japanese Candlestick patterns is that it provides visualization of a
single company only. i.e., one can visualize the performance of a single company for a
selected period of time. It is difficult to find the summary of data. Also studying a sector is
difficult using the candlestick patterns. To overcome this drawbacks of candle sticks this
paper proposes a new software tool developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0; that will
consist of two graphical techniques viz. a line diagram and a boxplot. The line diagram shall
present the closing share price of a single company for period of time and the box plot shall
present the data summaries of a particular sector for those days depicted by corresponding
line diagram.
5. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SOFTWARE
As Microsoft Excel is the most widely used package for entering, editing and storing data; the
software also uses Microsoft Excel for the same purpose. The software has two windows viz.
entry and main window as shown in the Figure 1 and Figure 2. The user needs to enter the
location
4. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 4
Figure 1: Entry window for entering the location of dataset
1. Text box for entering location of data file. 2. Cancel button. 3. Ok button
of the Microsoft Excel file; where dataset is stored, in the text box in the entry window. In the
main window there is one file menu, two dropdown menus, one list menu, two command
buttons two picture boxes and a legend as shown in Figure 2.
6. THE ENTRY WINDOW
The entry widow is designed as the starting point of the software tool. The user needs to
enter the location of the Microsoft Excel file in which the dataset is stored. The format for
entering the location is given in the right hand side of the textbox for reference. It is quite
easy to enter the location; the user needs to open the folder where the file is stored and copy
the address from the address bar and paste it to the textbox. After this the user needs to put
a back slash and the file name. This completes the steps for entering location of the dataset.
After this, user can click on the command button OK to proceed to drawing the graphs.
7.1 The File Menu
The main window, as shown in the Figure 3 has a file menu. Under file menu it has four
different sub menus viz. New, Save Line Diagram, Save Box Plot and Exit. The save Line
Diagram and Save Box Plot submenus can be used to save the graphs line diagram and box
plot respectively. The exit submenu can be used to terminate the software.
7.2 Data Option
In the data option group there are two drop down menus and a list box. The first dropdown
box under the title Sector lists all the sectors present in the data set. The user needs to select
a sector first to start the drawing process. After selecting the sector it is time to select the
appropriate company name from the data set. This is option is offered by the dropdown
FIGURE. 2: The main window of the Software
5. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 5
1. File Menu, 2. Combo – Box for selecting no of days. 3. Dropdown menu for selecting
company 4. Dropdown menu for selecting sector. 5. Picture box for drawing line
diagram. 6. Legend. 7. Picture box for drawing boxplot. 8. Command button for drawing Line
Diagram. 9. Command button for drawing boxplot.
2.
FIGURE 3: File Menu
menu company. The company dropdown menu presents the names of all the companies
present under the selected sector in the dataset. The user needs to single out one company
to draw the graphs. In the example shown in the figure 4.1 above, the data set contains two
sectors stored viz. Banking and IT. So when user tries to select a sector by clicking on the
dropdown menu Sector, he/she gets two options. Assuming that the user selects banking
Sector and proceeds for choosing a bank, he/she gets all the names of the banking sector
stored in the dataset as shown in the Figure 4.2. The list box under the title No of Days
comes into play after drawing the graphs. This list box is used for selecting the number of
days for which the graphs need to be drawn.
7.3 Drawing Panel
There are two command buttons in the group Drawing Panel with names Draw Line Diagram
and Draw Box Plot. As the names suggest the buttons are used to draw the diagrams
respectively. On clicking the Draw Line Diagram the user can draw a line diagram for the
selected company and clicking on the Draw Box Plot user can draw box plots. The graphs
are drawn in the two picture boxes named Line Diagram and Box Plot. The figure 5 below
shows two buttons Draw Line Diagram and Draw Box Plots.
FIGURE. 4.1: Sector dropdown menu
FIGURE 4.2: Sector and Company dropdown menu
The figure 6.1 depicts a line diagram drawn using the software. The line diagram helps us to
understand how successive values of the variable are related to specified point of time [13].
In a line diagram values of one variable are plotted against x axis and the corresponding
values of the other variable are plotted against y axis and the points are connected by a line.
6. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 6
FIGURE 5 Drawing Panels for drawing the graphs
For the purpose of demonstrating the working of software the researcher has taken share
prices of four banks viz. State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), Punjab National
Bank (PNB) and ICICI and four organizations from IT Sector viz. Tata Consultancy Services
(TCS), Wipro, Infosys (INFY) and Patni Computer Services Limited (PCS) for the period of
September 01, 2011 to October 17, 2011 for discussion. In the Figure 6.1 the share prices of
ICICI bank for the period of September 01, 2011 to November 17, 2011 are plotted against
the number of days. The number of days are plotted along the x axis and the share prices of
the bank are plotted along y axis. As seen in the Figure the share prices vary between 779
and 919.3 in the mentioned period.
On clicking the command button Draw Box Plot the user gets a set of four mean box plots,
one for each bank in the sector. The names appearing above the box plots means that the
box plot is drawn for that particular bank. A mean box plot is a graphical tool that represents
summaries of datasets. The bottom of the box extends to mean minus twice standard
deviation and the top of the box extends to mean plus twice standard deviation. The line
segment within the box is drawn at the mean value of the data [14]. As shown in the figure
6.2 the bold line in the middle represents mean of values, the rectangle above the line
represents mean plus standard deviation and the line below the mean line represents mean
minus standard deviation.
Thus a box plot of a particular bank represents mean value of the share price and it’s
fluctuation during the selected period of time. From the Figure. 6.2 one can visualize that the
share price of SBI is having the maximum mean value and that of BOB is the minimum. Also
the SBI is having the longest box and BOB has the shortest box. That means variation in the
share price of SBI is maximum in comparison to the others in the group for the selected
number of days and that for BOB is the minimum.
After drawing the line diagram and the boxplot, one can select the number of days for which
he/she whishes to draw the graphs. This option is available in the panel data option under no
of days. Once the user selects the number of days; both the graphs will be drawn taking the
latest data of that many days from the dataset. That is if a user selects 15 from no of days;
the line diagram and the boxplots will be drawn using the last 15 days data from the dataset.
The minimum value available under this option is 10 and the maximum is 30. i.e., one can
check how a particular company’s share price changed during last 10 days to last 31 days.
This facilitates the user to draw inference about a company’s performance and its position in
its group during the selected number of days.
7. Chayan Paul, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee & Ranjit Singh
International Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing (IJSSC), Volume (3) : Issue (1) : 2012 7
FIGURE 6.1 Line diagram
FIGURE 6.2 Boxplot
8. CONCLUSION
The graphical tools presented in this paper shall be handy for making better investment
decision. The line diagram shall be useful for exploring the performance of a single company
for a period of time while the box plots shall depict summaries of performance of different
companies belonging to the same sector. The line diagram shall present how the share price
of a company has been moving during the selected period of time. From the box plot one can
draw the inference about the average share price and the fluctuations of every single
company belonging to that group. The user also has the advantage of interacting with the
graphs by selecting the number of days; that empowers the user to analyze the performance
of the companies for the time various periods. Hence, the user would be able to make better
decision using this software tool.
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