Ii biljke karanfilic av food
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The document discusses the clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), which is known for its essential oil. It describes the plant's history of cultivation and use. The main active component in clove essential oil is eugenol, which has various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. Several studies are cited showing eugenol can help treat conditions like lung inflammation and inhibit viruses. The clove plant also contains additional compounds like flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic acids that may have health benefits.
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Ii biljke karanfilic av food
- 1. Syzygium aromaticum, fam. Myrtaceae Karanfilić
- 2. • History • As early as 200 BCE, envoys from Java to the Han-dynasty court of China brought cloves that were customarily held in the mouth to perfume the breath during audiences with the emperor. • During the late Middle Ages, cloves were used in Europe to preserve, flavour, and garnish food. • Clove cultivation was almost entirely confined to Indonesia, and in the early 17th century the Dutch eradicated cloves on all islands except Amboina and Ternate in order to create scarcity and sustain high prices. In the latter half of the 18th century the French smuggled cloves from the East Indies to Indian Ocean islands and the New World, breaking the Dutch monopoly. • In the early 21st century, Indonesia was the world’s largest producer of cloves, followed by Madagascar, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka.
- 3. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Karanfilić su zapravo nezreli, neotvoreni cvetni pupoljci zimzelenog tropskog drveta iz porodice mirta. Dok su sveži ružičasti su , a osušeni menjaju boju u rđavo – smeđu . Dužine su 12-16 mm i nalikuju ekserima ( na lat. se i naziva clavus , što znači ekser ). • Eugenol 7A:Several pharmacological activities have been reported to eugenol: Anti-inflammatory , Antitumor, Antibacterial, Antifungal , Antipyretic, Anesthetic , and Analgesic activities
- 5. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Eugenol also has anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury. Pretreatment with eugenol inhibited the inflammatory response and leukocyte recruitment into the lung tissue by the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) expression and NF-κB signaling. In addition, eugenol also increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which are important antioxidative enzymes • Similarly, Magalhães and colleagues , using an animal model of LPS-induced lung injury for 6 hours, demonstrated that eugenol significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, TNF-α, and the NF-κB-mediated signalizing pathway, decreasing the • lung inflammation, resulting in an improved lung structure and function, which suggest an important drug to treat disorders of lung inflammatory diseases • https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/3957262/
- 6. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Macrophage is one of the immune system cells that contribute to the production of mediators (i.e., proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide), which are important to cellular and vascular events during the installation and progression of inflammatory process. Thus, studies have demonstrated that eugenol can modulate the macrophage functions and regulates negatively the inflammation. • https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/3957262/
- 7. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Yeh and colleagues demonstrated that eugenol inhibits the inducible nitric • oxide synthase (iNOS) expression from macrophages in response to LPS, • culminating in the reduction of NO levels. Additionally, eugenol also • reduced the TNF-α and IL-1β as well as the NF-κB, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways • (The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is a key part of • the immune response. It is essential to inflammatory processes due • to its importance in the transcription of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis • factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO). ) • https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/3957262/
- 9. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Silva and colleagues used molecular docking techniques to screen the anti-SARC-CoV-2 efficacies of eugenol, menthol, and carvacrol, major components of EOs, against various proteins targets of SARC-CoV-2. • Docking scores revealed that these compounds have binding affinities towards SARC-CoV-2 spike protein, main protease (Mpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase and human ACE-2 proteins, respectively • Eugenol has been shown to have antiviral activities against HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively (Benencia and Courrèges 2000). Besides, it has anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to protect the lungs against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced acute injury. Treatment with eugenol was also found to inhibit the recruitment of leukocytes into the lung and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) (Barboza et al. 2018). • https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-020-00744-0 • COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties
- 10. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. • Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Clove flower buds contain up to 18% of essential oil which consists of eugenol, eugenol acetate and β-cariofilene • Moreover, clove contains flavonoids namely quercetin and kaempferol and phenolic acids like ferulic, caffeic, ellagic, and salicylic acids • Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072209/
- 11. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Pharmacologically, clove has been documented as the main source of phenolic molecules like hidroxibenzoic acids, flavonoids, hidroxiphenyl propens, hidroxicinamic acids, and eugenol (C10H12O2)—which is the major bioactive molecule—and gallic acid derivatives like hidrolizable tannins that are found in high amounts in the fresh plant “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072209/
- 14. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Eugenol • Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti- depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. • Notably, Gülçin reported the in vitro antioxidant effectiveness of eugenol and discussed the relationship between structure and activity. • They showed that eugenol allows the donation of the hydrogen atom and subsequently fixes the phenoxil radical, which results in the formation of steady molecules that do not establish or increase oxidation. Additionally, the eugenol compound has a pleasant carbon chain link with the aromatic ring which can be involved in phenoxil radical stabilization by resonance. “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072209/
- 15. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Kaempferol • Eugeniin • Carvacrol
- 16. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Carvacrol “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072209/
- 17. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Carvacrol “Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072209/
- 18. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Caryophyllene • Rhamnetin • Eugenitin
- 19. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Oleanolic acid • Stigmasterol • Campesterol
- 21. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • An in silico screening on piper nigrum, syzygium aromaticum and zingiber officinale roscoe derived compounds against sars‐cov‐2: A drug repurposing approach • Thus our research findings strongly recommended that phytocompounds derived from black pepper, clove, and ginger could be very useful in battling the COVID-19 pandemic era. • https://covid19.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/an-in-silico- screening-on-piper-nigrum-syzygium-aromaticum-and-zi
- 22. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • Clove Essential Oil May Be Considered The Most Candidates To Combat And Protecting Against Coronavirus (COVID 19) Induced Sudden Death • Conclusions: Essential oil of cloves may be considered the most candidates to combat and protecting against coronavirus (COVID 19) induced sudden death due to the acute pulmonary embolism associated with a hypercoagulable state. It should only be diffused in well-ventilated places, and diffusing treatments shouldn’t exceed more than 60 minutes each time under clinical observation. • https://www.scitechnol.com/abstract/clove-essential-oil-may-be-considered- the-most-candidates-to-combat-and-protectingrnagainst-coronavirus-covid-19- induced-sudden-de-12573.html
- 25. Syzygium aromaticum Karanfilić • U svrhu lečenja obično se koristi ulje ili kapsulirani prah klinčića . Uobičajeno doziranje je 2-5 grama praha klinčića dnevno . Možete napraviti i ukusan i lekovit čaj od karanfilića i cimeta . • U pola litre vode stavite 2 štapića cimeta i 6 celih karanfilića . Kuvajte 15 minuta , a zatim procedite. Popijte 2-3 čaše čaja dnevno .