Ii biljke crni kim av food

Nigella sativa, fam. Ranunculaceae
crni kim
• e

Nigella sativa
crni kim
Čorokot/crni kim – svelijek ili legenda
Kinezi, Indijci, stari Grci, Arapi, Persijci, Rimljani, Egipćani …, sve su to kulture koje su se
koristile i još uvijek koriste blagodatima čorokota (crnog kima). Toliko uvjeren u njegovo
nadnaravno dejstvo Tutankamon se čak dao sahraniti sa posudom ulja čorokota (crnog
kima).
Nije slučajnost da mnogi islamski učenjaci izreku poslanika Muhammeda s.a.v.s. „U
crnom sjemenu se nalazi lijek za svaku bolest osim smrti“ pripisuju upravo čorokotu
(vrsti NIgella sativa), jer ova biljka dosita ima mnoštvo blagotvornih dejstava..
Ono što je također interesantno je da čorokot (crni kim) nije svojstven samo islamskoj vjeri
i tradiciji. U Bibliji je spomenut pod imenom „kecah“ a također je veoma dobro poznat
kako u budizmom nadahnutoj tradicionalnoj kineskoj medicini tako i Ajurvedi (ogranak
Hinduizma).
https://modroizeleno.com/biljna-apoteka/corokot-legenda-ili-svelijek/

• N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive
activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms
of COVID-19.
Nigella sativa
crni kim
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7338708/
Maideen, Naina Mohamed Pakkir. “Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) - Potential herb for COVID-
19?.” Journal of pharmacopuncture vol. 23,2 (2020): 62-70. doi:10.3831/KPI.2020.23.010

• Phytochemical screening of N.sativa revealed that it contains various
compounds including terpenes, flavanoids, phytosterols, tannins,
coumarins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides,
saponins fatty acids, and volatile oils.
• The bioactive constituents of N. sativa include terpenes such as
thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone (DTQ), carvone, limonine,
trans-anethol, and p-cymene, indazole alkaloids like nigellidine and
nigellicine, and isoquinoline alkaloids including nigellicimine,
nigellicimine-N-oxide and α-hederin
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• As N.sativa possesses antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory,
antihistaminic, antitussive, antipyretic and analgesic activities, it
would be a potential herbal candidate to treat the patients with
COVID-19.
• In addition, N.sativa has also shown anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity,
anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-ulcer, and antineoplastic
activities which would help the COVID-19 patients with comorbid
conditions.
• Moreover, the active constituents of N.sativa including nigellidine and
α-hederin have been identified as potential inhibitors of SARS CoV-
2
Nigella sativa
crni kim

Thymoquinone (TQ)
2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 4-benzoquinone
Thymoquinone has also been shown to alter numerous molecular and signaling pathways in many
inflammatory and degenerative diseases including cancer.
The major pharmacological activities exerted by TQ included anti-convulsant, anti-microbial, anti-
cancer, anti-histaminic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant. It has been found to
elicit potent anti-oxidant activity due to the potent free radical scavenging action against
superoxide anions and raising the transcription gene responsible for the production of natural anti-
oxidant such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH)
Nigella sativa
crni kim
A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb

Thymoquinone (TQ)
a
Nigella sativa
crni kim
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6793/
Covid‐19 and thymoquinone: Connecting the dots

Thymoquinone (TQ)
The overexpression of COX2 plays a crucial role as prostaglandin up-regulates angiogenesis and
increases the resistance to apoptosis
TQ has revealed a substantial data on the reticence of COX2 expression and PG production
in allergic airway inflammation in mice
Due to potent anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging action, TQ has been shown to normalize
the adverse effect of various environmental toxins or xenobiotics causing oxidative damage and
organ dysfunctions and leads pathogenesis of various diseases
TQ has been shown to enhance the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase). Glycation of SOD upon in
vitro incubation of the SOD with glucose or methylglyoxal results in decreased activity of SOD that is an
additional mechanism of TQ in modulating SOD activity and subsequent retention of the anti-oxidant activity
Nigella sativa
crni kim
A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb

• dithymoquinone (DTQ)
• carvone
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Limonene
• trans-anethol p-cymene
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• nigellidine
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• nigellicine
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Nigellicimine
• nigellicimine-N-oxide
• α-hederin
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Abstract
• COVID-19 is the global-pandemic targets human-lung-ACE2 that converts Angiotensin-II to (1-7) peptide causing
vasodilatation. Vasoconstriction caused by Angiotensin-II is produced from Angiotensin-I by ACE1. The vaso-status
maintains blood-pressure/vascular-health of the individuals which is demolished in Covid-19 infection manifesting
aldosterone/salt-deregulations/inflammations/endothelial-dysfunctions/hyper-hypo- tension, sepsis/hypovolemic-
shock and vessel-thrombosis/coagulations. These cause comorbidity patients. Here, nigellidine, an indazole-alkaloid
was analyzed by molecular-docking for binding to different Angiotensin-binding-proteins (enzymes,
ACE1(6en5)/ACE2(4aph)/receptors, AT1(6os1)/AT2(5xjm)) and COVID-19 spike-glycoprotein(6vsb). Data suggest that
nigellidine strongly binds to the spike-protein at the hinge-region/active-site-opening which may hamper proper-
binding of nCoV2-ACE2 surface. Nigellidine strongly (-7.54 kcal/mol, -211.76, Atomic-Contact-Energy; ACE-value) binds
(>known-binderEGCG; -4.53 and Theaflavin-di-gallate; -2.85) in the Angiotensin-II binding-site/entry-pocket at ACE2
with Ki 8.68 and 8.3 µmol. Further, Nigellidine showed strong-binding (best Ki, 50.93µmol/binding-energy -5.48
kcal/mol) to both mono- and multi-meric ACE1-forms. Moreover, this compound binds Angiotensin-receptors, AT1/AT2
(Ki, 42.79/14.22 µmol, binding-energy, -5.96/-6.61 kcal/mol) at active-sites, respectively. Here, we first-time report that
nigellidine can block all angiotensin-binding proteins where, the Angiotensin-bonded amino acids were more or less
similar/analogous and effectively blocked by nigellidine. The ACEs-blocking could restore Angiotensin-level and restrict
vaso-turbulence in Covid-infected patients and receptor-blocking might stop inflammatory/vascular impairment.
Further, nigellidine may slowdown the vaso-fluctuations due to Angiotensin deregulations in Covid-infected patients.
Angiotensin II-ACE2 binding (ACE-value -294.81) is more favorable than nigellidine-ACE2. Contrarily, nigellidine-ACE1
binding-energy/Ki are lower than nigellidine-ACE2 values indicating a balanced-state between constriction-dilatation. It
is also noticed that nigellidine binds to the viral-spike, closer proximity to its ACE2 binding-domain. Taken together,
Covid-infected-patients/elderly-patients/comorbid-patients (with hypertensive/diabetic/cardiac/renal impairment,
counting >90% of non-survivors) could be greatly benefited.
• In silico Nigellidine (N. sativa) bind to viral spike/active-sites of ACE1/2, AT1/2 to prevent COVID-19 induced vaso-
tumult/vascular-damage/comorbidity
• https://www.authorea.com/users/341011/articles/467994-in-silico-nigellidine-n-sativa-bind-to-viral-spike-active-sites-
of-ace1-2-at1-2-to-prevent-covid-19-induced-vaso-tumult-vascular-damage-comorbidity
Nigella sativa- crni kim

• Active-site Molecular docking of Nigellidine to nucleocapsid/Nsp2/Nsp3/MPro of COVID-19 and to human IL1R and
TNFR1/2 may stop viral-growth/cytokine-flood, and the drug source Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds show potent
antioxidant role in experimental rats.
• Abstract
• The recent outbreak of SARS CoV-2 has changed the global scenario of human lives and economy. In this pandemic-outbreak
the ratio of infected person is much higher than the death encountered. Most of the dead patients were observed with
dysfunction/failure of cardiac and renal systems. Beside this a ‘cytokine storm’ namely TNF-α/IL1 receptors i.e.
TNFR1/TNFR2/IL1R over-functioning was reported in the infected-persons. Here, nigellidine, an indazole-alkaloid and key-
component of Nigella Sativa L. (NS); black-cumin-seed, has been analyzed for COVID-19 different protein and TNFα receptors
TNFR1/TNFR2 and IL1R inhibition through molecular-docking study and biochemical-study of cumin-seed extract exposure to
experimental-rat. The NMR, X-ray-crystallographic or Electron-microscopic structures of COVID-19 Main-protease(6LU7),
Spike-glycoprotein(6vsb), NSP2(QHD43415_2), N-terminus-protenase (QHD43415_3), Nucleocapsid(QHD43423) and Human
IL1R (1itb), TNFR1 (1ncf), TNFR2 (3alq) from PDB were retrieved/analyzed for receptor-ligand interaction in normal
condition. Then those structures were docked with nigellidine using Autodock-software and Patchdock-server. Where
nigellidine showed highest binding-energy of -7.61 (kcal/mol) and ligand-efficiency value of (-0.35) forming bonds with
amino acids THR943/LYS945/MET1556/ALA1557/PRO1558/ILE1559. Highest ACE-value of -356.72 was also observed for
nigellidine N-terminal-protease interaction. Nigellidine also showed strong interaction with NSP2 (-6.28) and
Mpro/3CLpro_Q (-6.38s). Nigellidine showed affinity to TNFR1 (-6.81), IL1R (-6.23) and TNFR2 (-5.16). In rat experiment 2-
groups (vehicle and NS treated) of female Wistar-rats were taken for experiments. The NS treated tissue showed marked
decline in ALP/SGPT/ SGOT/MDA level then the basal-levels. From the Western-blot or activity analysis it was observed that
Nigellidine, the sulfuryl-group containing drug showed no impact on Phenol-catalyzing ASTIV or Steroid-catalyzing EST
expressions/activities and thus have no influence in sulfation-mediated adverse metabolic-processes. Current-results
concluded that Nigellidine has hepato/reno-protective; immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities
as well as it inhibits important proteins of COVID-19. With steps to further validation/checking nigellidine can be used in
COVID-19 infection.
• https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26464/v1
Nigella sativa-crni kim

• Nigellalogy: A review on Nigella Sativa
• Evidences tell that thymoquinone (2–Isopropyl–5–methylbenzo–1,4– quinone,
30–48%), thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, p– cymene (7–15%),
carvacrol (6–12%), 4–terpineol (2–7%), t– anethol (1–4%), sesquiterpene
longifolene (1–8%), α–pinene and thymol etc. are the most important active
components in N. sativa.
• http://medcraveonline.com/MOJBB/MOJBB-03-00056.pdf
Nigella sativa
crni kim

Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Nigella on immune system
• Along with NK antitumor activity, N. sativa is a demodulator of secretion of a number of pro–
inflammatory mediators with up–modulation of secretion of Th2 versus Th1, cytokines in
splenocytes. The black seed extract also evident to restore the resistance against granulocyte–
dependent C. albicans. A study performed by the oil suggests decreasing antibody production in
typhoid vaccination, which may be due to its immunosuppressive cytotoxic effect. It is also evident to
correct the imbalance situation caused by oxytetracycline (OXT) in leukocyte, lymphocyte counts,
heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, lysosomal enzyme activity and reticuloendothelial system function.
However, it produced immunoprotective effect when chronic administration of antibiotic occurred in
pigeons. The black seed oil also acted as a radioprotective agent against immunesuppressive and
oxidative effects of ionizing radiation. In addition, an increased level of IFN–γ with a significant
decreased in pathological changes of the guinea pigs’ lung was reported by N. sativa oil treatment. It is
also effective in allergic diarrhea.2,4,5 A recent evidence suggests that seed oil is protective against γ–
radiation–induced damage in jejunal mucosa. Nigella EO at a dose range of 5–20g/kg (oral feed) in
chickens improved FCR and plasma lipid profile and antibody–mediated immunity in a 6 weeks
treatment. In addition, Nigella oil reduced thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti–thyroid
peroxidase antibodies in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Conclusion
• Drugs from the shrubs are one of the potential plant derived sources.
Interestingly, now a day herbal medicaments are in a great attention to the
consumers world–wide. Otherwise, traditional medicines are still occupying a
remedy–kingdom in particular areas. A potential and diverse activity of a
scrupulous source is the stimulation to the drug researchers. N. sativa, in the
previous literatures showing the shot, particularly TQ and its derivatives,
nigellone, α–hederin and linoleic acid produced remarkable pharmacological
activities. In addition, few clinical uses of human, suggesting that N. sativa and
its constitution have safety profile
Nigella sativa
crni kim

• Conclusion
• Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo
studies confirmed that N. sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to
causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19.
• In addition, N. sativa has also shown anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-
hyperlipidemic, anti-ulcer, and antineoplastic activities which would help the COVID-19
patients with comorbid conditions. Moreover, the active constituents of N. sativa such as
nigellidine and α-hederin have been identified as potential inhibitor of SARS CoV-2. N.
sativa could be used as an adjuvant therapy along with repurposed conventional drugs to
manage the patients with COVID-19. Adjuvant therapy of N. sativa may reduce the adverse
effects of conventional medicines by helping to decrease their doses. However, more
randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the potential beneficial effects of N.
sativa to treat the patients with COVID-19, as an alternative herbal medicine.
http://www.journal-jop.org/journal/view.html?uid=211&vmd=Full
• Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) – Potential herb for COVID-19?
Nigella sativa -crni kim

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