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IGNITION SYSTEMS
What is Ignition System ???
 The system in an internal-combustion
engine that produces thespark
to ignite the mixture of fuel and air:
includes the battery, ignition coil,
distributor, spark plugs, and associated
switches and wiring.
IGNITION FUNCTION
 Produces 30,000 volt spark across spark plug
 Distributes high voltage spark to each spark plug in
correct sequence
 Times the spark so it occurs as piston is nearing top dead
center
 Varies spark timing with load, speed, and other conditions
BASIC IGNITION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
 BATTERY
 IGNITION SWITCH
 IGNITION COIL
 SWITCHING DEVICE
 SPARK PLUG
 IGNITION SYSTEM WIRES
BASIC IGNITION SYSTEM
 Battery supplies power to
entire system
 Ignition Switch turns
engine on or off
 Coil transforms volts
 Switching device triggers
ignition coil
 Spark Plug and wires
distribute spark
IGNITION COIL
 Transformer
 2 sets of windings
 Primarywindings
 Secondarywindings
 Iron core
 Produces magnetic
field
IGNITION SYSTEM TYPES
 Battery ignition system
Magneto ignition system
Distributor less ignition system
BATTERY IGNITION SYSTEM
 A battery ignition system has a 6- or 12-volt battery
charged by an engine-driven generator to supply
electricity, an ignition coil to increase the voltage, a
device to interrupt current from the coil, a distributor to
direct current to the correct cylinder, and a spark plug
projecting into each cylinder.
 Current goes from the battery through the primary
winding of the coil, through the interrupting device, and
back to the battery.
The primary circuit consist of the battery, ammeter, ignition
switch, primary coil winding, capacitor, and breaker points.
The function of these components are :
 Battery – Provides the power to run the system
Ignition switch – allows the driver to turn the system on
and off
Primary coil – produces the magnetic field to create the
high voltage in the secondary coil.
Breaker points – a mechanical switch that acts as the
triggering mechanism
Capacitor – protects the points from burning out.
The Secondary circuit converts magnetic induction into high
voltage electricity to jump across the spark plug gap, firing
the mixture at the right time. The function of the components
are –
secondary coil – the part of the coil that creats the high
voltage electricity.
Rotor – spin around on the top of the distributor shaft, and
distributes the spark to the right spark plug.
spark plug – Take the electricity from the wires and give it
an air gap in the combustion chamber to jump across to light
the mixture.
MAGNETO IGNITION SYSTEM
 The simplest formof spark ignition is that using
a magneto.
 An ignition magneto, or high tension magneto, is
a magneto that provides current for the ignition system of
a spark-ignition engine, such as a petrol engine.
 Theengine spins a magnet insideacoil, or, in theearlier
designs, a coil insidea fixed magnet, and also operates
a contact breaker, interrupting the current and causingthe
voltage to be increased sufficiently to jumpa small gap.
 The spark plugs are connected directly from
the magnetooutput.
IGNITION SYSTEM – Magneto System
Ignition
Switch
Distribution
Contact
Breaker
Coil
Magneto
Power
Generation
Spark Generation
Condenser
Magneto Unit Rotor Arm
IGNITION SYSTEM – Distributor
Typical
Distributor
Centrifugal
Advance
Adjustable
Plate
‘Points’
Cam
Cap
Body
Input
Shaft Centrifugal
Weights
Adjuster
Vacuum Advance
Diaphragm
Vacuum
Chamber
Inlet
Pressure
IGNITION SYSTEM – Spark Plug
Cap Connector
Ceramic Body
Outer
Electrode
Gap
Hexagon
Outer Casing
Copper Sealing Gasket
Securing Thread
• Operation
• Developments
• Testing
Distributorless Ignition Systems
Distributorless Ignition Systems
The principles of operation are basically no different than
those for distributor equipped electronic ignition systems that
began appearing on American automobiles in 1972.
There are 2 obvious differences:
• A DI system does not have a mechanical distributor.
•Most DI systems use one coil for every two spark plugs
(however some systems have one coil per cylinder i.e.
BMW).
Distributorless Ignition Systems
In operation the only major difference is that DI systems fire
all of the engines spark plugs in ONE crankshaft revolution,
whereas the old mechanical distributor type fires all plugs every
TWO crankshaft revolutions.
On all four stroke engines, equipped with or with out distributors
require TWO crankshaft revolutions (720° travel) for the
combustion to occur on each cylinder.
On engines with an even number of cylinders, combustion occurs
in half of the cylinders in the first revolution (360°) and in the
other half in the second half of the revolution. Each cylinder that
has combustion in the first revolution has a companion cylinder
that fires 360° apart from it during the second revolution.
Layout
NGK
NGK NGK NGK
ECU
+
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
CONTACT POINT SYSTEM
Distributor turns 1/2
engine rpm
Distributor Cam
Contact Points
Condenser
Point Dwell (Cam
angle)
Basis for all Systems
IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Possible causes and/orsolutions
No spark out of thecoil Possible open in the ignitionswitch
circuit
Possible defective ignitionmodule
(if electronic ignition coil)
Possible shortedcondenser
Weak spark out of thecoil Possible high-resistance coil wireor
spark plug wire
Possible poor ground betweenthe
distributor or module and the
engine block
Engine missing Possible defective (open) sparkplug
wire Possible
worn or fouled spark plugs
Possible defective pickupcoil
Possible defectivemodule
Possible poor electricalconnections
at the pickup coil and/or module

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Ignition system.pptx

  • 2. What is Ignition System ???  The system in an internal-combustion engine that produces thespark to ignite the mixture of fuel and air: includes the battery, ignition coil, distributor, spark plugs, and associated switches and wiring.
  • 3. IGNITION FUNCTION  Produces 30,000 volt spark across spark plug  Distributes high voltage spark to each spark plug in correct sequence  Times the spark so it occurs as piston is nearing top dead center  Varies spark timing with load, speed, and other conditions
  • 4. BASIC IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENTS  BATTERY  IGNITION SWITCH  IGNITION COIL  SWITCHING DEVICE  SPARK PLUG  IGNITION SYSTEM WIRES
  • 5. BASIC IGNITION SYSTEM  Battery supplies power to entire system  Ignition Switch turns engine on or off  Coil transforms volts  Switching device triggers ignition coil  Spark Plug and wires distribute spark
  • 6. IGNITION COIL  Transformer  2 sets of windings  Primarywindings  Secondarywindings  Iron core  Produces magnetic field
  • 7.
  • 8. IGNITION SYSTEM TYPES  Battery ignition system Magneto ignition system Distributor less ignition system
  • 9. BATTERY IGNITION SYSTEM  A battery ignition system has a 6- or 12-volt battery charged by an engine-driven generator to supply electricity, an ignition coil to increase the voltage, a device to interrupt current from the coil, a distributor to direct current to the correct cylinder, and a spark plug projecting into each cylinder.  Current goes from the battery through the primary winding of the coil, through the interrupting device, and back to the battery.
  • 10. The primary circuit consist of the battery, ammeter, ignition switch, primary coil winding, capacitor, and breaker points. The function of these components are :  Battery – Provides the power to run the system Ignition switch – allows the driver to turn the system on and off Primary coil – produces the magnetic field to create the high voltage in the secondary coil. Breaker points – a mechanical switch that acts as the triggering mechanism Capacitor – protects the points from burning out.
  • 11. The Secondary circuit converts magnetic induction into high voltage electricity to jump across the spark plug gap, firing the mixture at the right time. The function of the components are – secondary coil – the part of the coil that creats the high voltage electricity. Rotor – spin around on the top of the distributor shaft, and distributes the spark to the right spark plug. spark plug – Take the electricity from the wires and give it an air gap in the combustion chamber to jump across to light the mixture.
  • 12.
  • 13. MAGNETO IGNITION SYSTEM  The simplest formof spark ignition is that using a magneto.  An ignition magneto, or high tension magneto, is a magneto that provides current for the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine, such as a petrol engine.  Theengine spins a magnet insideacoil, or, in theearlier designs, a coil insidea fixed magnet, and also operates a contact breaker, interrupting the current and causingthe voltage to be increased sufficiently to jumpa small gap.  The spark plugs are connected directly from the magnetooutput.
  • 14.
  • 15. IGNITION SYSTEM – Magneto System Ignition Switch Distribution Contact Breaker Coil Magneto Power Generation Spark Generation Condenser Magneto Unit Rotor Arm
  • 16. IGNITION SYSTEM – Distributor Typical Distributor Centrifugal Advance Adjustable Plate ‘Points’ Cam Cap Body Input Shaft Centrifugal Weights Adjuster Vacuum Advance Diaphragm Vacuum Chamber Inlet Pressure
  • 17. IGNITION SYSTEM – Spark Plug Cap Connector Ceramic Body Outer Electrode Gap Hexagon Outer Casing Copper Sealing Gasket Securing Thread
  • 18. • Operation • Developments • Testing Distributorless Ignition Systems
  • 19. Distributorless Ignition Systems The principles of operation are basically no different than those for distributor equipped electronic ignition systems that began appearing on American automobiles in 1972. There are 2 obvious differences: • A DI system does not have a mechanical distributor. •Most DI systems use one coil for every two spark plugs (however some systems have one coil per cylinder i.e. BMW).
  • 20. Distributorless Ignition Systems In operation the only major difference is that DI systems fire all of the engines spark plugs in ONE crankshaft revolution, whereas the old mechanical distributor type fires all plugs every TWO crankshaft revolutions. On all four stroke engines, equipped with or with out distributors require TWO crankshaft revolutions (720° travel) for the combustion to occur on each cylinder. On engines with an even number of cylinders, combustion occurs in half of the cylinders in the first revolution (360°) and in the other half in the second half of the revolution. Each cylinder that has combustion in the first revolution has a companion cylinder that fires 360° apart from it during the second revolution.
  • 22.
  • 23. CONTACT POINT SYSTEM Distributor turns 1/2 engine rpm Distributor Cam Contact Points Condenser Point Dwell (Cam angle) Basis for all Systems
  • 24. IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Possible causes and/orsolutions No spark out of thecoil Possible open in the ignitionswitch circuit Possible defective ignitionmodule (if electronic ignition coil) Possible shortedcondenser Weak spark out of thecoil Possible high-resistance coil wireor spark plug wire Possible poor ground betweenthe distributor or module and the engine block Engine missing Possible defective (open) sparkplug wire Possible worn or fouled spark plugs Possible defective pickupcoil Possible defectivemodule Possible poor electricalconnections at the pickup coil and/or module