The document discusses various components and aspects of vehicle steering systems. It describes the steering system as the interface between the driver and vehicle that allows the driver to guide the vehicle by converting rotational motion into angular turns of the wheels. It discusses factors that affect steering ratio such as vehicle weight and drive type. It also covers steering geometry components like caster angle, camber angle, and toe that influence steering response, effort, and stability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. KEY INTERFACE BETWEEN
DRIVER AND VEHICLE
SET OF MECHANISM USED TO
CONTROL THE PATH
FOLLOWED BY VEHICLE
ALLOW DRIVER TO GUIDE
THE VEHICLE
4.
5. CONVERTS ROTARY
MOTION INTO ANGULAR
TURN OF WHEELS
MULTIPLIES EFFORT OF
DRIVER
PROVIDES DIRECTIONAL
STABILITY
6. OPTIMIZE TIRE LIFE BY
PROPER TIRE TO ROAD
CONTACT
HOUSES SAFETY DEVICES
LIKE AIRBAGS
ABSORBS PARTOF ROAD
SHOCKS
7.
8.
9. RELATIVE NO. OF TURNS OF
STEERING WHEEL TO MOVEMENT OF
WHEELS
SIZE OF PINION GEAR AND NUMBER
OF TEETH ON GEAR DETERMINES
STEERING RATIO
EFFECTS RESPONSE OF VEHICLE
10. HEAVIER
VEHICLES HAVE
HIGHER STEERING
RATIO
MORE TURNING
OF STEERING
WHEELS
RESULTS IN
LESSER EFFORT
LIGHTER
VEHICLES HAVE
LOWER STEERING
RATIO
LESS NO. OF
TURNS
REQUIRES MORE
EFFORT TO TURN
11. SIZE OF STEERING WHEEL
RELTIVE SIZE OF GEARS IN
STEERING GEAR
SIZE AND SHAPE OF STEERING
LINKAGES
PERCENT OF VEHICLE WEIGHT
PLACED ON FRONT WHEEL
FRONT WHEEL OR REAR WHEEL
DRIVE
14. ANGLE B/W
VERTICLE LINE AND
KINGPIN CENTRELINE
(FROM S.V.)
FUNCTIONS
SELF CENTRING
ACTION
STRAIGHT LINE
STABILITY
EXCESSIVE CASTER
MAKES STEERING
HEAVIER, LESS
RESPONSIVE AND
INCREASED EFFORT
16. ANGLE B/W VERTICLE
LINE AND KINGPIN
CENTRELINE (FROM
F.V.)
FUNCTIONS
HELPS IN
STEERING
RETURNABILITY
AFTER A TURN IS
COMPLETED
REDUCES
STEERING EFFORT
REDUCES TIRE
WEAR
19. ANGLE B/W GEOMETRIC
CENTRELINE AND THRUST
LINE
FUNCTIONS
OCCURS WHEN REAR
WHEEL HAS
IMPROPER
ALIGNMENT
EFFECTS DIRECTION
OF TRAVEL BY
CAUSING PULL IN THE
DIRECTION AWAY
FROM THRUST LINE
20. The turning circle of a car is the diameter
of the circle described by the outside
wheels when turning on full lock. There is
no hard and fast formula to calculate the
turning circle but you can get close by
using this
Turning circle radius = (track/2) + (wheelbase/
sin(average steer angle))
21. SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY STEERS
THE REAR WHEELS ACCORDING TO
SPEED OF VEHICLE AND STEERING
ANGLE.
USED IN MILITARY, OFF ROAD
VEHICLES, BUSES, TRUCKS AND
LARGE VAHICLS
INCREASES HANDLING AND
STABILITY
REDUCES TURNING RADIUS
22.
23. VEHICLE STEERS BY POWER ASSIST
FROM EXTERNAL SOURCE OTHER
THAN DRIVER’S EFFORT
HELPS IN STEERING OF HEAVY
VEHICLES
INCREASES THE STEERING RATIO
AND REDUCES DRIVER’S EFFORT
TWO MAJOR TYPES – HPS AND EPS
