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IGCSE REVISION - GERMANY: NAZI METHODS OF CONTROL

The document discusses the various methods used by the Nazis to control the German population. It explains that the Nazis utilized extensive propaganda through media and rallies to spread their ideology. They also censored materials and banned works that were anti-Nazi. Additionally, Germany became a police state under the Nazis, as the SS and Gestapo secret police monitored citizens and arrested those disloyal to the regime. The Nazis also sought to curb the influence of Christian churches, which they saw as a threat.

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DEPTH STUDY REVISION GERMANY NAZI METHODS OF CONTROL 07
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D INTRODUCTION • The Nazis used many methods to control the German people – from persuasion to violence.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D THE NAZIS USED PROPAGANDA • Propaganda means spreading particular ideas and points of view to try and control how people think. Nazi propaganda blamed the Jews and communists for most of Germany’s problems. • The Nazis took over the media. They controlled radio broadcasts and also used films and posters to spread their messages. • The Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (founded in 1933) was led by Dr Joseph Goebbels. • All artists, writers, journalists and musicians had to register to get their work approved. • The Nazis organised huge rallies of party members to present an image of power and popularity. They also used the 1936 Berlin Olympics as an opportunity for international publicity.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D THE NAZIS USED CENSORSHIP • The Nazis censored books, newspapers and other materials. • Those who published anti-Nazi material risked execution. • The Nazis used censorship to encourage nationalism and anti- Semitism (hatred of Jews). • They praised patriotic German composers such as Wagner but banned the work of Jewish composers such as Mendelssohn.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D GERMANY BECAME A POLICE STATE • The SS (Schutzstaffel) began as a bodyguard for Hitler. It expanded massively under the leadership of Himmler during the 1930’s. • Its members were totally loyal to Hitler, and were feared for their cruelty. Himmler was also in charge of the secret police – the Gestapo. • After 1933 concentration camps spread across Germany and its territories to hold political prisoners and anybody else considered dangerous to the Nazis. • Some of these were later turned into death camps. • Local wardens were employed to make sure Germans were loyal to the Nazis. People were encouraged to report disloyalty. Many were arrested by the Gestapo as a result.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D THE NAZIS SAW THE CHURCH AS A THREAT • Many Nazis were against Christianity – its teaching of peace was seen as incompatible with Nazi ideas. The Nazis didn’t want to risk an immediate attack on it. Hitler signed and agreement with the Catholic Church in 1933. • Each side promised not to interfere with the other. The Nazis did try to curb the influence of the church – and there were some Catholic protests against Nazi policies. • Hitler tried to unite the different Protestant churches into one Reich Church. He placed the Nazi Bishop Ludwig Muller at its head. • Some church members split off in protest at this state interference. They formed the Confessing Church. • Many clergy who stood up to the Nazi regime were sent to concentration camps.