4. • Between Central power
and Allies
• Central power lost.
• Central power:-Germany,
Ottoman Empire and
Austrian Empire
• Allies:-Great Britain,
France, Belgium and
Russia
• After war Monarchy in
Germany quits
5. Birth of the Weimar Republic
After War
•Parliamentary parties
recast German Polity
•A national Assembly
met at Weimar to
design a constitution
•Deputies were elected
to German Parliament
(Reichstag)
• Democratic
Constitution with
Federal Structure
• Universal Adult
Franchise was
granted
6. Treaty of Versailles
• Harsh and Humiliating
• Germany lost overseas
colonies
• 13% territories
• 75% iron field
• 26% coal field
• Germany was
Demilitarised
• Had to pay compensation
of £6 billion
• Lost rich Rhineland(1920)
9. • Germany was dependent on short term loan
from USA
• USA withdrew support as crash in wall Street
Exchange in 1929
• Between 1929-32 the national income of USA
fell by half and effects fell worldwide.
• The middle class and working class population
were filled with fear of Prolerterianization
• Sharp fall in agricultural price
• Sense of deep despair crippled the people
10. Defects of
Weimar Republic
• Proportional
Representation
• No majority party
which led coalition govt
• Article-48, President
got power to impose
emergency ,suspend
civil rights and rule by
Decree
• People lost confidence
in the democratic
parliament
•Politically fragile
•The constitution
was Vulnerable to
dictatorship
11. • Industrial Production reduced
• Workers lost jobs
• Youth took to criminal activities
• Small business man and self employed suffered
as their business got ruined
• They became unable to their family
• The economic crisis created fear in people
• People lost faith in the democratic
parliamentary system
• A total unrest among people developed slowly
12.
13. Hitler’s rise to
power
• The treaty of Versailles made
him furious
• Joined in German workers
party and renamed as
National Socialist German
Workers Party
• Later it known as Nazi Party
• By 1932 it became a large
party with 37% votes
• During great depression
Nazism became mass
movement
• Propagated for better future
*Born in Austria
1889
*Earned Bravery
medals in WW-I
*Horrified by
German’s defeat
14. *Good orator
*Promised for a strong nation with
economic flourish
*Rituals and spectacle in mass
mobilization
*Massive rallies with Swastika, Red
banners, Pamphlets and Ritualized
rounds of applause
*Nazi propaganda skilfully projected him
as a messiah, a Saviour
15. The destruction of Democracy
• On 30th Jan. 1933 Hitler was offered the
Chancellorship by president Hindenburg
• He set out to dismantle the democratic structure
• The fire decree of 28th Feb. 1933 suspended civic
rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly
• Communists were hurriedly packed off to newly
established concentration camps
• All political parties were banned
• Special surveillance and security forces were created
control the people and rule with impunity
16.
17. Police force under Nazi
• Regular police:-Green uniform
Storm troopers(SA, Sturmabteilung):-
Existing police force includes
*Gestapo:-Secrete state police
*SS(Schutzstaffel):-Protection Squad
*SD(Sicherheitsdienst):- Security
Service and criminal police
18. Reconstruction of Germany
• Reoccupied the Rhineland in
1936
• Pull out of the League of
Nation in 1933
• Integrated Austria and
German in 1938(one people,
one empire, one leader)
• Acquired German speaking
Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia
• Unspoken support from
England
• War to recover Economic
Crisis
*Economist Hjalmar was given
the responsibility of Economic
Recovery
*The state funded work
creation programme initiated to
ensure full production and
employment
*Produced the famous German
super highways and people’s
car, the Volkswagen
19. • Accumulation of Resources trough Expansion of
Territory.
• Sept. 1940 invaded Poland
• War with France and England
• Japan extended support to Hitler
• Bombarded Perl Harbour and USA entered the
War
• War ended with Hitler's Defeat.
• USA bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Japan surrendered 2nd Step 1945.
20. • According to Nazi
ideology
– No equality between
people
– Only racial hierarchy
– Nordic German
Aryans were at the
top
– Jews were at the
lowest
– Others were in
between them
• Hitler's racism was
borrowed from
• Charles Darwin’s
concept of
evaluation and
natural selection
• Herbert Spencer's idea
of survival of the fittest
• Strongest race
would survive and
week ones would
perish
21. • New territories had to be acquired for
settlement.
• Enhance the area of the mother country
• Enhance the material resources
• Enhance the power of German Nation
• Poland became the laboratory for this
experimentation.
22. Establishment of Racial State
• Creating an exclusive
racial community of pure
Germans
• A society of pure and
healthy Nordic Aryans
• Euthanasia Programme:-
killed mentally or
physically unfit people
• Elimination of
‘Undesirable’.
• Undesirable:-Jews,
Gypsies, Blacks, Russian.
Poles even certain
Germans
• Jews were considered killer
of Christ and Usurers
• Jews had to live in Ghettos
• Jews were hatred based on
pseudoscientific theories of
race
• Believed in total elimination
of Jews
• From 1933-38 the Nazi
terrorise, pauperised and
segregated the Jews.
• 1939-45 concentration of
Jews and killing in gas
Chambers in Poland
23. • Genocide and War
became two sides of one
coin
• Occupied Poland and
divided
• Poles were forced to leave
their homes and property
• Educated poles were
murdered
• Created General
Government:- Destination
for all ‘Undesirable’
• Appointed ‘Race
Experts’ to
examine Polish
children looking
like Aryans
• Ghettos, Gas
chambers as
well as General
Government too
served as killing
fields for Jews
24. Youth in Nazi Germany
• Nazi ideology was taught to the children
• Schools were ‘cleansed’ and ‘Purified’ by dismissing Jews
teachers as they believed to be ‘politically undesirable’
• Undesirable children such as Jews, Physically
handicapped, Gypsies were thrown out to the schools
and later (1940s) taken them to Gas Chambers
• A prolong period of ideological training for good German
students
• Introduced racial science
• Children were taught to be royal, submissive, hate Jews
and worship Hitler
• Sports to violence and aggression
25. Youth Organisation
Educating German Youth in the ‘Spirit of National socialism’
• Jungvolk:- For ten years
old children
• Hitler Youth:- For 14 years
old Children
(Youth League founded in 1922,
later renamed as Hitler Youth)
• Labour Service:- For 18
years youths
>They were to learn
* To worship war
* To glorify aggression
and violence
* Condemn democracy
* Hate Jews, communists,
gypsies and undesirables
>They had to serve in Arm
Forces and enter one of
the Nazi organisation
> Later all youth organisations
were systematically dissolved
and finally banned.
28. The Art of
Propaganda
Used deceptive term such as-
* Special treatment/Final
solution:-Mass kilning(Jews)
* Euthanasia:- Killing of Disable
*Selection and Disinfection:-
Evacuation and deporting to gas
chambers.
*Disinfected areas:-Gas chambers
• Nazi ideas were spread through
visual image, films, radio, posters,
catchy slogans and leaflets
• Film, ‘The eternal Jew’ was to
stereotyped orthodox Jews
• German Jews were referred as
Vermin, Rats and Pests
• Claimed that solution of all
problems was only the Nazi
Used language
and media with
great care and
effect
29. Ordinary people and the Crime
against Humanity
• People saw the world
through Nazi eyes and spoke
the Nazi language
• Believed that Nazi would
bring Prosperity and well
being
• But not every Germany was
Nazi and faced repression
and death
• Some were passive
onlookers and apathetic
witness
• Charlotte Beradt
secretly recorded
people's dream in her
diary
• Later published as
‘Third Reich of Dreams’
• Jews themselves begun
believing the Nazi
stereotyped
• Many Jews died before
reaching Gas Chamber
30. Knowledge
about Holocaust
• Mass Nazi killing operation
called Holocaust was
revealed.
• Evidences such as diary,
notebooks achieves (by
inhabitant in ghetto, Gas
chambers) exposed the
secrete
• Nazi tried to destroy all
evidences available in
offices
• Yet, the memory of the
Holocaust live in memories,
Fiction, Documents, Poetry,
Museums in many parts of the
world
*After the War world
came to know about
the Black Chapter of
Nazi Germany
*Jews wanted the world
to member this
atrocities happened
with them
