This document discusses identity management challenges in cloud computing. As organizations adopt cloud services, identity management becomes more complex, with issues around user provisioning/deprovisioning across systems, password sprawl as users have accounts in multiple cloud systems, and lack of auditing capabilities in cloud systems. Solutions include leveraging on-premise identity management systems with single sign-on and identity synchronization/proxy services, as well as new identity-as-a-service systems that aim to manage identities primarily in the cloud. Effective identity management is crucial as organizations increase their adoption of cloud services.
Your Data Center Boundaries Don’t Exist Anymore! EMC
In the pre-cloud era, data centers were simpler to define and restrict. As organizations move to public, private, and hybrid clouds, they have to account for internal, industrial, and government compliance initiatives and oversight that impacts data center architecture and information flow. This session describes data center challenges in the Cloud Era and articulates real-life best practices to address those challenges.
IDC Study on Enterprise Hybrid Cloud StrategiesEMC
White Paper discussing IDC Survey of over 650 enterprise IT decision makers that was designed to understand the evolution of the cloud across world’s largest IT organizations.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Abstract: Distributed computing is a situated of IT administrations that are given to a client more than a system on a rented premise and with the capacity to scale up or down their administration necessities. Generally cloud registering administrations are conveyed by an outsider supplier who possesses the foundation. It favorable circumstances to specify yet a couple incorporate versatility, strength, adaptability, productivity and outsourcing non-center exercises. Distributed computing offers an imaginative plan of action for associations to receive IT benefits without forthright speculation. Notwithstanding the potential increases accomplished from the distributed computing, the associations are moderate in tolerating it because of security issues and difficulties connected with it. Security is one of the significant issues which hamper the development of cloud. The thought of giving over vital information to another organization is troubling; such that the shoppers should be cautious in comprehension the dangers of information breaks in this new environment. This paper presents a point by point examination of the distributed computing security issues furthermore, difficulties concentrating on the distributed computing sorts and the administration conveyance sorts.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Scalability, Infrastructure, IT.
Title: Cloud Computing Security Issues and Challenges
Author: Nishant Katiyar
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Your Data Center Boundaries Don’t Exist Anymore! EMC
In the pre-cloud era, data centers were simpler to define and restrict. As organizations move to public, private, and hybrid clouds, they have to account for internal, industrial, and government compliance initiatives and oversight that impacts data center architecture and information flow. This session describes data center challenges in the Cloud Era and articulates real-life best practices to address those challenges.
IDC Study on Enterprise Hybrid Cloud StrategiesEMC
White Paper discussing IDC Survey of over 650 enterprise IT decision makers that was designed to understand the evolution of the cloud across world’s largest IT organizations.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Abstract: Distributed computing is a situated of IT administrations that are given to a client more than a system on a rented premise and with the capacity to scale up or down their administration necessities. Generally cloud registering administrations are conveyed by an outsider supplier who possesses the foundation. It favorable circumstances to specify yet a couple incorporate versatility, strength, adaptability, productivity and outsourcing non-center exercises. Distributed computing offers an imaginative plan of action for associations to receive IT benefits without forthright speculation. Notwithstanding the potential increases accomplished from the distributed computing, the associations are moderate in tolerating it because of security issues and difficulties connected with it. Security is one of the significant issues which hamper the development of cloud. The thought of giving over vital information to another organization is troubling; such that the shoppers should be cautious in comprehension the dangers of information breaks in this new environment. This paper presents a point by point examination of the distributed computing security issues furthermore, difficulties concentrating on the distributed computing sorts and the administration conveyance sorts.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Scalability, Infrastructure, IT.
Title: Cloud Computing Security Issues and Challenges
Author: Nishant Katiyar
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Cloud Computing Security Issues and ChallengesCSCJournals
Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements. Usually cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, flexibility, efficiency and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative business model for organizations to adopt IT services without upfront investment. Despite the potential gains achieved from the cloud computing, the organizations are slow in accepting it due to security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. The idea of handing over important data to another company is worrisome; such that the consumers need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. This paper introduces a detailed analysis of the cloud computing security issues and challenges focusing on the cloud computing types and the service delivery types.
This paper describes the risks and impacts to be considered when planning a secure partner portal. Research organizations looking for efficiencies and cost savings seek to build trusted, collaborative relationships with other organizations. This approach introduces new IT security risks that do not exist in a closed business technology platform. As organizations choose to provide access to their internal systems, they need to consider how to manage risks from authentication, authorization and information security.
Sure, you would love to have an identity management solution for provisioning, but those frameworks are just too expensive and difficult to implement. If you’ve ever had this conversation at your organization, then this is for you.
Learn about Dell One Identity as a Service and how this newly available solution can give your organization the advantages of the big guys at a fraction of the cost and ramp up time.
A traditional computing environment requires a costly
infrastructure to offer a better service to users. The introduction
of cloud computing has changed the working environment from
traditional to virtual. A larger number of IT companies are
utilizing the cloud. On the one hand, the cloud attracts more
number of consumers by offering services with minimized
capital cost and virtual infrastructure. On the other hand, there
are a risk and security challenges in cloud computing that
makes the user not to move completely towards it. The cloud
environment is more vulnerable to security breaches and data
theft. Moreover, insider attacks are more frequent in larger
enterprises. An unauthenticated user can cause more damage
to company reputation. The cloud service providers are trying
to provide a secure work environment for users. However,
there is a lack of global standards and policies to invoke
security measures in cloud computing. This study aims to
highlight and classify security challenges and trust issues in the
cloud environment.
The survey was conducted in various institutions and
governmental organizations in Saudi Arabia to study the
opinions of stakeholders on cloud computing security
challenges and risks.
Links:
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
CA Technologies and Deloitte: Unleash and Protect your Business with Identity...CA Technologies
Protecting today’s cloud-based, mobile enterprise requires a new approach – one that focuses on secure identity and access management (IAM), while at the same time driving two critical imperatives:
Learn how to enable business growth by:
• Quickly deploying new online services
• Leveraging new advances in cloud computing and virtualization
• Accommodating the needs of demanding, tech-savvy users
(i.e., customers, partners, employees, etc.)
• Driving greater employee productivity and increasing business intelligence
Protect the business by:
• Mitigating the risk of fraud, breaches, insider threats and improper access – from both internal and external sources
• Safeguarding critical systems, applications and data
Download the eBook today to learn more.
A proficient 5 c approach to boost the security in the saas model's technical...ijccsa
For anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet is cloud computing.These services
are classified as: IaaS,SaaS,PaaS.This paper focuses on SaaS security measures. SaaS is a cloud based
productivity suite that helps the business people to connect and work from anywhere on any device. The
data solely dumped behind a corporate firewall and it is physically accessed by the people through VPN
system or through online.The only hurdle while adopting cloud computing is the lack of security.It is a
major issue in the cloud for data as well as application and the platform. This paper gives an efficient
approach named 5C approach for applying security under SaaSmodel.Itmainly focuses on authentication
and authorization for customer data under SaaS in the cloud. The 5C mainly uses initial user level security
in the architecture of SaaS server by integrating the Visual Guard Web Admin Console with other controls.
Implementing Iris in the Railway Control Office Application for Secure Saas i...IJERA Editor
Technology plays a vital role in each and every part of the world. In particular ―Cloud‖ computing - a
moderately recent term, characterizes the path to develop the advancement in the world of computer science.
Further, Cloud provides an affordable environment for its users through different forms of services such as SaaS
(Software as a service), PaaS (Platform as a service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). Cloud computing is
also an Internet-based computing where a large pool of systems are connected in private or public networks, and
provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for application data as well as file storage. Security of Cloud
computing is an evolving sub-domain of network security, computer security and information security. In spite
of its advantages, Cloud environment has many security flaws such as loss of important data, data leakage and
something related to cloning, resource pooling etc. Security of Cloud Computing is an emerging area for study.
It includes several security and privacy issues with challenges and solutions for many security issues of cloud
computing. The Control Office Application (COA) is the latest addition to train operations related IT application
of Indian Railways. Along with the Freight Operations Information System (FOIS), COA has led to a complete
transformation in train operations and facilitates all information on train operations being computer generated. It
is this application that feeds the National Train Enquiry System (NTES) which provides passengers with up to
date information on train running. COA also provides train operations information to FOIS and ICMS. The
objective of the Indian Railways is to further improve the operations by using technological aids that enable
quicker data capture and intelligent applications that provide better planning and forecasting tools. To overcome
these issues, in Cloud computing, we can use SaaS (software as a service). In this paper, we have proposed a
new IRIS algorithm to authenticate the users of COA software in the cloud environment.
Summarizes the problems users experience when managing too many passwords. It describes the various approaches available to organizations to reduce the password burden on users and to improve the security of their authentication systems.
Cloud Computing: A study of cloud architecture and its patternsIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. Cloud computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe to client–server in the early 1980s. Cloud computing can be defined as accessing third party software and services on web and paying as per usage. It facilitates scalability and virtualized resources over Internet as a service providing cost effective and scalable solution to customers. Cloud computing has evolved as a disruptive technology and picked up speed with the presence of many vendors in cloud computing space. The evolution of cloud computing from numerous technological approaches and business models such as SaaS, cluster computing, high performance computing, etc., signifies that the cloud IDM can be considered as a superset of all the corresponding issues from these paradigms and many more. In this paper we will discuss Life cycle management, Cloud architecture, Pattern in Cloud IDM, Volatility of Cloud relations.
Cloud Computing Security Issues and ChallengesCSCJournals
Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements. Usually cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, flexibility, efficiency and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative business model for organizations to adopt IT services without upfront investment. Despite the potential gains achieved from the cloud computing, the organizations are slow in accepting it due to security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. The idea of handing over important data to another company is worrisome; such that the consumers need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. This paper introduces a detailed analysis of the cloud computing security issues and challenges focusing on the cloud computing types and the service delivery types.
This paper describes the risks and impacts to be considered when planning a secure partner portal. Research organizations looking for efficiencies and cost savings seek to build trusted, collaborative relationships with other organizations. This approach introduces new IT security risks that do not exist in a closed business technology platform. As organizations choose to provide access to their internal systems, they need to consider how to manage risks from authentication, authorization and information security.
Sure, you would love to have an identity management solution for provisioning, but those frameworks are just too expensive and difficult to implement. If you’ve ever had this conversation at your organization, then this is for you.
Learn about Dell One Identity as a Service and how this newly available solution can give your organization the advantages of the big guys at a fraction of the cost and ramp up time.
A traditional computing environment requires a costly
infrastructure to offer a better service to users. The introduction
of cloud computing has changed the working environment from
traditional to virtual. A larger number of IT companies are
utilizing the cloud. On the one hand, the cloud attracts more
number of consumers by offering services with minimized
capital cost and virtual infrastructure. On the other hand, there
are a risk and security challenges in cloud computing that
makes the user not to move completely towards it. The cloud
environment is more vulnerable to security breaches and data
theft. Moreover, insider attacks are more frequent in larger
enterprises. An unauthenticated user can cause more damage
to company reputation. The cloud service providers are trying
to provide a secure work environment for users. However,
there is a lack of global standards and policies to invoke
security measures in cloud computing. This study aims to
highlight and classify security challenges and trust issues in the
cloud environment.
The survey was conducted in various institutions and
governmental organizations in Saudi Arabia to study the
opinions of stakeholders on cloud computing security
challenges and risks.
Links:
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
CA Technologies and Deloitte: Unleash and Protect your Business with Identity...CA Technologies
Protecting today’s cloud-based, mobile enterprise requires a new approach – one that focuses on secure identity and access management (IAM), while at the same time driving two critical imperatives:
Learn how to enable business growth by:
• Quickly deploying new online services
• Leveraging new advances in cloud computing and virtualization
• Accommodating the needs of demanding, tech-savvy users
(i.e., customers, partners, employees, etc.)
• Driving greater employee productivity and increasing business intelligence
Protect the business by:
• Mitigating the risk of fraud, breaches, insider threats and improper access – from both internal and external sources
• Safeguarding critical systems, applications and data
Download the eBook today to learn more.
A proficient 5 c approach to boost the security in the saas model's technical...ijccsa
For anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet is cloud computing.These services
are classified as: IaaS,SaaS,PaaS.This paper focuses on SaaS security measures. SaaS is a cloud based
productivity suite that helps the business people to connect and work from anywhere on any device. The
data solely dumped behind a corporate firewall and it is physically accessed by the people through VPN
system or through online.The only hurdle while adopting cloud computing is the lack of security.It is a
major issue in the cloud for data as well as application and the platform. This paper gives an efficient
approach named 5C approach for applying security under SaaSmodel.Itmainly focuses on authentication
and authorization for customer data under SaaS in the cloud. The 5C mainly uses initial user level security
in the architecture of SaaS server by integrating the Visual Guard Web Admin Console with other controls.
Implementing Iris in the Railway Control Office Application for Secure Saas i...IJERA Editor
Technology plays a vital role in each and every part of the world. In particular ―Cloud‖ computing - a
moderately recent term, characterizes the path to develop the advancement in the world of computer science.
Further, Cloud provides an affordable environment for its users through different forms of services such as SaaS
(Software as a service), PaaS (Platform as a service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). Cloud computing is
also an Internet-based computing where a large pool of systems are connected in private or public networks, and
provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for application data as well as file storage. Security of Cloud
computing is an evolving sub-domain of network security, computer security and information security. In spite
of its advantages, Cloud environment has many security flaws such as loss of important data, data leakage and
something related to cloning, resource pooling etc. Security of Cloud Computing is an emerging area for study.
It includes several security and privacy issues with challenges and solutions for many security issues of cloud
computing. The Control Office Application (COA) is the latest addition to train operations related IT application
of Indian Railways. Along with the Freight Operations Information System (FOIS), COA has led to a complete
transformation in train operations and facilitates all information on train operations being computer generated. It
is this application that feeds the National Train Enquiry System (NTES) which provides passengers with up to
date information on train running. COA also provides train operations information to FOIS and ICMS. The
objective of the Indian Railways is to further improve the operations by using technological aids that enable
quicker data capture and intelligent applications that provide better planning and forecasting tools. To overcome
these issues, in Cloud computing, we can use SaaS (software as a service). In this paper, we have proposed a
new IRIS algorithm to authenticate the users of COA software in the cloud environment.
Summarizes the problems users experience when managing too many passwords. It describes the various approaches available to organizations to reduce the password burden on users and to improve the security of their authentication systems.
Cloud Computing: A study of cloud architecture and its patternsIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. Cloud computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe to client–server in the early 1980s. Cloud computing can be defined as accessing third party software and services on web and paying as per usage. It facilitates scalability and virtualized resources over Internet as a service providing cost effective and scalable solution to customers. Cloud computing has evolved as a disruptive technology and picked up speed with the presence of many vendors in cloud computing space. The evolution of cloud computing from numerous technological approaches and business models such as SaaS, cluster computing, high performance computing, etc., signifies that the cloud IDM can be considered as a superset of all the corresponding issues from these paradigms and many more. In this paper we will discuss Life cycle management, Cloud architecture, Pattern in Cloud IDM, Volatility of Cloud relations.
Running head: SESSION HIJACKING & CLOUD COMPUTING 1
SESSION HIJACKING & CLOUD COMPUTING 20
Preventing Session Hijacking in Cloud Computing
Sasha Melanie
Personal Research Paper
20th October 2015
Abstract
The idea of Cloud processing is turning out to be a well-known concept every passing day particularly in the field of computing and information technology. It refers to both applications that are conveyed as administrations over the Internet and also as resources (software and hardware) in the data centres. With this kind of advancement, the cloud computing technology raises many security concerns. There are several vulnerabilities that come along with cloud computing that may be exploited by attackers through security threats such as session hijacking. This paper gives an overview of the cloud as well as session hijacking highlighting the key vulnerability areas that every organization need to put into consideration before any implementation of cloud computing. The paper gives the basis for further research that would help curb the challenge of session hijacking in cloud computing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract 2
CHAPTER ONE 5
1.0 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 Motivation for the study 6
1.2 Premises of the study 7
1.3 Problem Statement 7
1.4 Technical objectives of the study 7
CHAPTER TWO 9
2.0 RELATED WORK 9
2.1 Issues with Cloud Computing 9
2.2 ANALYSIS OF SESSION HIJACKING 9
2.2.1 Cookies: 10
2.2.2 TCP session capturing 10
2.3 PREVENTING SESSION HIJACKING 11
2.3.2 Information encryption programming 11
2.3.3 Virus Detection Applications 12
2.3.4 Digitized Signature 12
2.3.5 Computerized Authentication 13
2.3.6 Firewalls 14
2.3.7 Surf Anonymously 14
CHAPTER THREE 16
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Research Design 16
3.3 Data Collection Instruments 16
3.4 Methods of data Analysis and expected results 17
3.5 Time tables 17
3.6 Conclusion 18
REFERENCES 19
CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION
Enthusiasm towards Cloud processing arrangements is fast developing. Therefore, they have as of now been embraced in diverse situations, for example, person to person communication, business applications, and substance conveyance systems. Distributed computing is the start of a system based figuring over the web that is thought to be the component of two new registering models, the Client-Cloud processing, and the Terminal-Cloud figuring that would make entire eras of users and business (Mell & Grance, 2011). It is additionally the start of another Internet-based administration economy, for example, the Internet-driven, Web-based, on interest, Cloud applications and figuring economy. Bursztein et al., gives a more organized definition, who characterize a Cloud as a " parallel and disseminated framework comprising of an accumulation of interconnected and virtualized PCs that are progressively provisioned and exhibi.
5 Key Data Management Trends of 2022 as observed by a data practitioner. Covers trends on data architecture, data storage, data platforms, and data operations.
Directions Answer each question individual and respond with full .docxmariona83
Directions: Answer each question individual and respond with full knowledge and understanding. Use 100% original work and turn in on before or date requested..
1. How did you apply the knowledge, skills, and attitudes from previous courses to the application of your capstone project? What did you learn from those experiences that prepared you for the capstone?
2. After implementing your capstone, you will have an opportunity to conduct a post-assessment and evaluate the success of the project. Before getting the results, what do you expect to learn from the post-assessment? Do you feel your capstone project was successful? What could you have done differently or improved upon?
3. Now that you have finished your capstone project, reflect on its function, purpose, and success with your classmates. What do you wish you had known before starting? If you wanted to continue the project, what would be your next steps?
4. During this topic, you will compile a leadership portfolio that encapsulates key assignments that helped shape you as a leader. How will this portfolio reflect your vision as a leader? How does it demonstrate your growth throughout the program?
School of Computer & Information Sciences
ITS-532 Cloud Computing
Chapter 5 – Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
Content from:
Primary Textbook: Jamsa, K. A. (2013). Cloud computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, virtualization, business models, mobile, security and more. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Secondary Textbook: Erl, T., Mahmood, Z., & Puttini, R. (2014). Cloud computing: concepts, technology, & architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
1
Learning Objectives
Describe challenges related to ID management.
Describe and discuss single sign-on (SSO) capabilities.
List the advantages of IDaaS solutions.
Discuss IDaaS solutions offered by various companies.
IDaaS Defined
Identity (or identification) as a service (IDaaS)—Cloud-based approaches to managing user identities, including usernames, passwords, and access. Also sometimes referred to as “identity management as a service.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Identity and Access Management includes the components and policies necessary to control user identify and access privileges.
Authentication
Username/Password, digital signatures, digital certificates, biometrics
Authorization
Granular controls for mapping identities and rights
User Management
Creation and administration of new user identities, groups, passwords, and policies
Credential Management
Establishes identities and access control rules for user accounts
4
(Erl, 2014)
Single Sign-On (SSO)
Single sign-on (SSO)—PA process that allows a user to log into a central authority and then access other sites and services for which he or she has credentials.
Advantages of SSO
Fewer username and password combinations for users to remember and manage
Less password fatigue caused by the stress of managing multiple passwords
Less user time con.
Hybrid Cloud - Key Benefits & Must Have RequirementsJohn Katrick
Hybrid Cloud - Key Benefits & Must Have Requirements : Gartner says by 2020, a corporate "No-Cloud" Policy will be as rare as a "No-Internet" policy is today as per this article and specifically the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) market is projected to continue to grow more than 25 percent per year through 2019. This surge in cloud adoption also represents a huge shift in cloud spending by IT organizations, directly or indirectly affecting more than $1 trillion dollars in Cloud IT purchases by 2020, according to Gartner.
School of Computer & Information SciencesITS-532 Cloud C.docxjeffsrosalyn
School of Computer & Information Sciences
ITS-532 Cloud Computing
Chapter 5 – Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
Content from:
Primary Textbook: Jamsa, K. A. (2013). Cloud computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, virtualization, business models, mobile, security and more. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Secondary Textbook: Erl, T., Mahmood, Z., & Puttini, R. (2014). Cloud computing: concepts, technology, & architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
1
Learning Objectives
Describe challenges related to ID management.
Describe and discuss single sign-on (SSO) capabilities.
List the advantages of IDaaS solutions.
Discuss IDaaS solutions offered by various companies.
IDaaS Defined
Identity (or identification) as a service (IDaaS)—Cloud-based approaches to managing user identities, including usernames, passwords, and access. Also sometimes referred to as “identity management as a service.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Identity and Access Management includes the components and policies necessary to control user identify and access privileges.
Authentication
Username/Password, digital signatures, digital certificates, biometrics
Authorization
Granular controls for mapping identities and rights
User Management
Creation and administration of new user identities, groups, passwords, and policies
Credential Management
Establishes identities and access control rules for user accounts
4
(Erl, 2014)
Single Sign-On (SSO)
Single sign-on (SSO)—PA process that allows a user to log into a central authority and then access other sites and services for which he or she has credentials.
Advantages of SSO
Fewer username and password combinations for users to remember and manage
Less password fatigue caused by the stress of managing multiple passwords
Less user time consumed by having to log in to individual systems
Fewer calls to help desks for forgotten passwords
A centralized location for IT staff to manage password compliance and reporting
Disadvantages of SSO
The primary disadvantage of SSO systems is the potential for a single source of failure. If the authentication server fails, users will not be able to log in to other servers.
Thus, having a cloud-based authentication server with system redundancy reduces the risk of system unavailability.
How Single Sign On Works
The single sign on mechanism enables one cloud service consumer to be authenticated by a security broker. Once established, the security context is persistent when the consumer accesses other cloud based IT resources.
8
(Erl, 2014)
Figure 10.9 - A cloud consumer provides the security broker with login credentials (1). The security broker response with an authentication token (message with small lock symbol) upon successful authentication, which contains cloud service consumer identify information (2) that is used to automatically authenticate the cloud service consumer across Cloud Services A, B, and C (3).
Federated ID Management
FIDM desc.
In 2016, cloud technologies went mainstream. But with maturity came the realization that moving to the cloud doesn’t happen overnight. CIOs are prioritizing hosted computing and cloud data storage. But they’re approaching the shift as a gradual, multi-year journey.
Many startups and small businesses will continue to go all-in on cloud. But enterprises will find success in a slow but steady move from on-prem. Hybrid ecosystems—of data, software, and infrastructure—will be the reality for most established organizations.
As this shift to cloud progresses where are things are headed? This paper highlights the top cloud trends for 2017.
Data Stream Controller for Enterprise Cloud ApplicationIJSRD
Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where computing resources are provided as services over Internet while residing in a large data center. Even though it enables us to dynamically provide servers with the ability to address a wide range of needs, this paradigm brings forth many new challenges for the data security and access control as users outsource their sensitive data to clouds, which are beyond the same trusted domain as data owners. The occupier need not be concerned with how the Paas system achieves expansion under high load.MAC systems differ as security policy is defined for the entire system, typically by administrators. Information flow control (IFC) is a MAC approach, developed originally from military information management methodologies. IFC can be used to enforce more general policies, using appropriate labeling and checking schemes. The labels can be used to manage both confidentiality and integrity concerns, tracking “secrecy†and “quality†of data, respectively. Decentralized Information Flow Control (DIFC) is an approach to security that allows application writers to control how data flow between the pieces of application and the outside world. As applied to privacy DIFC allows un trusted software to compute with private data while trusted security code controls the release of that data. As applied to integrity DIFC allows trusted code to protect un trusted software from unexpected inputs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Survey on Different Techniques Used in Decentralized Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
This paper proposes various methods for anonymous authentication for data stored in cloud. Cloud verifies the authenticity
of the series without knowing the user’s identity before storing data. This paper also has the added feature of access control in which
only valid users are able to decrypt the stored information. These schemes also prevents replay attacks and supports creation,
modification, and reading data stored in the cloud. Moreover, our authentication and access control scheme is decentralized and robust,
unlike other access control schemes designed for clouds which are centralized. The communication, computation, and storage
overheads are comparable to centralized approaches .The aim of this paper is to cover many security issues arises in cloud computing
and different schemes to prevent security risks in cloud. Storage-as-a-service (Saas) offered by cloud service providers (CSPs) is a paid
facility that enables organizations to outsource their sensitive data to be stored on remote servers. In this paper, we propose a cloudbased
storage schemes that allows the data owner to benefit from the facilities offered by the CSP and enables indirect mutual trust
between them. This Paper provides different authentication techniques and algorithms for cloud security.
Structure failure often occurs in the structure of wall. This failure can adversely affect the comfort level of the structure. Knowing the behavior of structure resulting from the load is important, as it can help to predict the strength of the structure and comfort of the structure being worked on. One way to find out and predict the strength and comfort of the structure as a result of the load received is experimental test and simulation. The simulation VecTor2 used to predict the shear force, crack, and displacement of reinforced concrete wall when applied the load. This simulation considered the effect of bond stress-slip effect of behavior reinforced concrete. Bonds stress-slip gives a great influence on the strength and hysteretic response of the reinforced concrete wall. That is why this study considers the influence of bond stress-slip on reinforced concrete wall. All the result of simulation VecTor2 using bond stress-slip effect would be compared with the result of the experimental test to see the accuracy of the simulation test.
The concept of sustainable construction is increasingly affecting the development of the construction market.The specificity of construction as an economic activity and ofthe construction product (goods and services) determine the existence of a complex vertical chain of links, involving different actors, who tend to work in the short term and are limited to the rational use of knowledge and experience in practice. Moreover, it is characterized by a low level of inter-company relationshipsresulting in a fragmentation of responsibilityand complicates and hinders the realization of projects and sites,which meet the requirements of sustainable construction. Sustainable construction requires a holistic approach and substantial changes in the organization of construction activity, both at the market and firm level, under the active role of the state. The aim of the study is: 1) analysis of problems in the vertical chain of connections in the construction market, 2)an analysis of the possibilities for creating stable long-term relationships and a joint approach of clients, contractors and subcontractors, which can provide economic, social and environmental efficiency of the construction.
Since the recent development of UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and digital sensors technology has enabled the acquisition of high-resolution image data, it is considered that the image data of riverside can be analysed. Therefore, this study analyses the applicability of remote sensing techniques through image analysis in river systems and habitats. The target stream in this study was the Cheongmi stream and the applicability of the river environmental evaluation technique was analysed through image analysis. The satellite images used for the analysis of river topography and environments were compared with the aerial images taken by a micro UAV), and the river environmental evaluation was carried out with the field research at the same time. The data acquisition range and application limit by river environmental evaluation technique proposed previously were evaluated, and as a result, it was found that it was possible to draw various evaluation parameters using a drone that could take an image at a low altitude in comparison to satellite images.
Industrial engineering is founded on the idea that there is always a better way. This mantra rings true in everything an industrial engineer does, from lean manufacturing to six sigma, to quality control and ergonomics. This paper demonstrates the uniqueness of this discipline, the impact its techniques has in sectors outside of manufacturing, and the positive effects it has on businesses.
The study was carried out using the UAV for analyzing the characteristics of debris in order to present the methodology to estimate the quantitative amount of debris caught in small river facilities. A total of six small rivers that maintained the form of a natural river were selected for collecting UAV images, and the grouping of each target in the image was carried out using the object-based classification method, and based on the object-based classification result of the UAV images, the land cover classification for the status of factors causing the generation of debris for six target sections was carried out by applying the screen digitizing method. In addition, in order to verify the accuracy of the classification result, the error matrix was performed, securing the reliability of the result. The accuracy analysis result showed that for all six target sections, the overall accuracy was 93.95% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.93, showing an excellent result.
Multilevel Inverters are getting popular and have become more attractive to researchers in the recent times for high power applications due to their better power quality and higher efficiency as compared to two level inverters. This research work presents a detailed comparative analysis of various multicarrier sinusoidal PWM schemes such as In Phase Disposition, Phase Opposition Disposition and Alternate Phase Opposite Disposition implemented on five level conventional and modified cascaded h-bridge inverters in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Conventional five level topology uses eight switches and suffers from increased switching complexity while modified five level topology uses only five switches and is recommended to reduce switching complexity and switching losses. It also ensures less number of components, reduced size and overall cost of the system. The effect of modulation index (Ma) on the output harmonic contents in various PWM techniques is also analyzed.
Objective: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide.Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important element in this disease.The aim of this study is to prepare TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite (NC), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO)nanoparticles (NPs) to determine the anticancer activity on human CC cell line (HeLa) and healthy mouse fibroblast cell line (L-929). Materials&Methods: ZnO, TiO2 NPs and NC were prepared by a solution combustion synthesis method. The samples were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Stability analysis was performed with zeta potential. The synthesized NC and NPs were permormed to the HeLa and L-929 cell lines and anticancer activity of these NC and NPs were determined by using MTT method. The HeLa and L-929 cells were treated with different concentrations of these NC and NPs (0,5-100 μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The spectrophotometric readings at 570 nm were recorded and analysed with Graphpad Prism7. Results: NC and NPs were successfully synthesized. The effects of these NC and NPs on the HeLa and L-929 cells were compared with the control group and IC50 values were determined for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Then we compared the effects of these molecules on the L-929 cell line with the HeLa cell line and founded more active is on HeLa cells. Conclusion:There are many drugs used in CC treatment. However, undesirable toxicity and drug resistance of these drugs negatively affect treatment.We have synthesized NC and NPs in order to formulate basis of a new drug in this study and have identified anti-cancer activity.As a result, we found that NC and NPs anti-cancer activity was higher in HeLa cells than in L-929.
Graphene is a material that attracts attention in technical textile applications as in many other areas due to its outstanding features. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the performance properties of graphene coated fabrics. Pre-treated polyester fabrics were coated with nano-graphene powders at different concentration rates (50, 100 and 200 g/kg) by knife-over-roll technique. According to test results, generally, the graphene coating had a positive effect on the performance properties of polyester fabrics.
This study was focused on the effects of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) additive on process parameters and compost quality of Co-composting of filter cake and bagasse. Filter cake and bagasse were mixed and sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) from a heating power plant of sugar mill. Three compost mixes (M) were obtained: MA with 0%, MB with 10% and MC with 20 wt % of fuel ash. These three different mixes were composted in an experimental composter as three parallel experiments for 3 weeks each. The physical, chemical and biological parameters were monitoring during composting. Significantly, ash additives decreased the total organic carbon; measured by mineralization the breaking down of the organic matter was more rapid in the MC than in the MA, as well as increased the pH during composting. Interesting, the pH decreased was most important in MA and attend 5 for the first week of composting, and then it gradually increased to pH around 8 at the end of the process. The results indicated that ash inhibits the pH drop due to production of organic acids during composting. The acidity of the material was reported as affects the process during the initial phase of rising temperature and quality of the final product. The temperature reached up to 50-55oC during thermophilic phase, the greater temperature was obtained for MC. At the end of composting, the electrical conductivity increased in the MC, especially in MC, but don’t exceed limit (4 mS/cm) for prevent phytotoxicity of the compost. The SCBA additive was likely to speed up the composting process of bagasse with filter cake from 44 days to 33 days.
The work presents report on production and analysis of bioresin from epoxidized mango kernel oil (EMKO). The bioresin (acrylated epoxidized mango kernel oil) or AEMKO was produced from epoxidized mango kernel oil via acrylation chemical reaction route. The FTIR spectrum analysis of epoxidized mango kernel oil (EMKO) and acrylated epoxidized mango kernel oil (AEMKO) produced gave the degree of acrylation (DOA) as 46%. The Viscosity of AEMKO (resin) was determined at room temperature (25 °C) to be 387cP while the density at 25oC was 1.2 g/cm3. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the bioresin was determined to be 95oC. Production cost analysis of the bioresin was done and found to be N8, 804.35 per litre. The high cost was due to high costs of the chemicals, labour and overhead charges involved at my local level. At commercial level, those components of the costs would definitely reduce to the level compatible with synthetic (polyester) resin (N2, 500 per litre) currently sold by some markers in Nigeria. However, the overall results of the work demonstrated that bioresin can be successfully synthesized from mango kernel oil with properties compatible with ASTM standards. The commercial production of the bioresin will go a long way in mitigating some of the challenges associated with total use of fossil fuel currently use for production of bulk of synthetic resins for composite manufacturing activities.
The window functions used for digital filter design are used to eliminate oscillations in
the FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter design. In this work, the use of Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) algorithm is proposed in the design of cosh window function, in which has widely used in the
literature and has useful spectral parameters. The cosh window is a window function derived from the
Kaiser window. It is more advantageous than the Kaiser window because there is no power series
expansion in the time domain representation. The designed window function shows better ripple ratio
characteristics than other window functions commonly used in the literature. The results obtained
were presented in tables and figures and successful results were obtained
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between 2D gray scale pixels and 3D gray scale pixels of image reconstructions in computed tomography (CT). The 3D space image reconstruction from data projection was a challenging and difficult research problem. The image was normally reconstructed from the 2D data from CT data projection. In this descriptive study, a synthetics 3D Shepp-Logan phantom was used to simulate the actual data projection from a CT scanner. Real-time data projection of a human abdomen was also included in this study. Additionally, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the application was designed using Matlab Graphical User Interface Development Environment (GUIDE). The application was able to reconstruct 2D and 3D images in their respective spaces successfully.The image reconstruction for CT in 3D space was analyzedalong with 2D space in order to show their relationships and shared properties for the purpose of constructing these images.
In this work the antimicrobial activity and the economic viability analysis of the essential oil extracted from the hybrid formed by the seeds species of the Murupi (Capsicum chinense), Criollos de Morellos (Capsicum annuum) and Finger of the young (Capsicum baccatum ). The essential oil of the pepper was obtained by the steam drag process and for this extraction, the Soxhlet method was used. For the determination of the antimicrobial activity of the oil the disc diffusion method was used for the strains of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results point out the resistance of the tested strains to the essential oil of the respective pepper and, in terms of financial and economic aspects, this was not feasible on a small scale. It is suggested that other microorganisms be tested and, later, that studies be carried out with the purpose of characterizing the studied oil chemically for proper application in the agroindustry.
Eliminating Gibbs phenomenon, which occurs during design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filter and which is undesirable, is very important in order to provide expected performance from digital filter. Window functions have been developed to eliminate these oscillations and to improve the performance of the filter in this regard. In this work, an application was developed for designing window function using LABVIEW which is a graphical programming environment produced by National Instruments. LABVIEW offers a powerful programming environment away from complexity. In this work, the performances of cosh and exponential window functions, which are designed by using the possibilities of LABVIEW in programming, are examined and the situations that will occur under various conditions are compared.
Better efficiency of the air transport system of a country at the national level, especially in terms of its
capacity to generate value for passenger flow and cargo transport, effectively depends on the identification of
the demand generation potential of each hub for this type of service. This requires the mapping of the passenger
flow and volume of cargo transport of each region served by the system and the number of connections. The
main goal of this study was to identify important factors that account for the great variability (demand) of
regional hubsof the airport modal system in operation in the State of São Paulo, the most populated and
industrialized in the Southeast region in Brazil. For this purpose, datasets for each airport related to passengers
or cargo flow were obtained from time series data in the period ranging from January 01, 2008 to December
31, 2014. Different data analysis approaches could imply in better mapping of the flow of the air modal system
from the evaluation of some factors related to operations/volume. Therefore, different statistical models - such
as multiple linear regression with normal errors and new stochastic volatility (SV) models - are introduced in
this study, to provide a better view of the operation system in the four main regional hubs, within a large group
of 32 airports reported in the dataset.
Linear attenuation coefficient (휇) is a measure of the ability of a medium to diffuse and absorb radiation. In the interaction of radiation with matter, the linear absorption coefficient plays an important role because during the passage of radiation through a medium, its absorption depends on the wavelength of the radiation and the thickness and nature of the medium. Experiments to determine linear absorption coefficient for Lead, Copper and Aluminum were carried out in air. The result showed that linear absorption Coefficient for Lead is 0.545cm – 1, Copper is 0.139cm-1 and Aluminum is 0.271cm-1 using gamma-rays. The results agree with standard values.
This study presents results of Activity Concentrations, Absorbed dose rate and the Annual Effective dose rates of naturally occurring radionuclides (40K, 232Th and 226Ra) absorbed in 8 soil samples collected from different areas within the Ajiwei mining sites in Niger State, North Central Nigeria. A laboratory γ-ray spectrometry NaI (Tl) at the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, was used to carry out the analysis of the soil samples. The values of Activity Concentration for 40K ranged from 421.6174 ± 7.9316 to 768.7403 ± 7.9315; for 226Ra it ranged from 20.6257 ± 2.0858 to 44.0324 ± 5.0985 and for 232Th the ranged is from 23.7172 ± 1.3683 to 62.7137 ± 4.1049 Bq.Kg-1. While the Absorbed Dose for 40K ranged from 17.5814 ± 0.3307 to 32.0565 ± 0.3307 ŋGy.h-1, for 226Ra the range is from 9.5291 ± 0.9636 to 20.3430 ± 2.3555 ŋGy.h-1 and for 232Th range from 14.3252 ± 0.4414 to 37.8791 ± 2.4794 ŋGy.h-1. The total average Absorbed Dose rate of the 8 soil samples collected is 63.7877 ŋGy.h-1 and the estimated Annual Effective Dose for the sampled areas range from 0.0636- 0.1028mSvy-1 (i.e 64 – 103 μSv.y-1), with an average Annual Effective Dose of 0.0782 mSv.y-1 (i.e. 78.2 μSv.y-1). These results show’s that the radiation exposure level reaching members of the public in the study areas is lower than the recommended limit value of 1 mSv.y-1 (UNSCEAR, 2000). Also the mean Radium Equivalents obtained ranged from 107.3259 BqKg-1 (AJ1) to 179.4064 BqKg-1 (AJ4). These results show that the recommended Radium Equivalent Concentration is ≤ 370 BqKg-1 which is the requirement for soil materials to be used for dwellings, this implies that the soil from this site is suitable use for residential buildings. The mean External Hazard Index ( Hext ) ranged from 0.1229 Bqkg-1 (AJ3) to 0.4226 Bqkg-1 (AJ7).. While the maximum allowed value of (Hext = 1) corresponds to the upper limit of Raeq (370 BqKg-1) in order to limit the external gamma radiation dose from the soil materials to 1.5 mGy y-1. That is, this Index should be equal to or less than unity (Hext ≤ = 1). Furthermore, the mean Internal Hazard Index (Hext) ranged from 0.3456 Bqkg-1 (AJ1) to 0.6453 Bqkg-1 (AJ2) .Finally, the mean value of the Excess Alpha Radiation (Iα) ranged from 0.1031 Bq.Kg-1 (AJ1) to 0.2202 Bq.Kg-1 (AJ3. All these values for Iα are below the maximum permissible value of Iα= 1 which corresponds to 200 Bq.Kg-1. It can therefore be said that no radiological hazard is envisaged to dwellers of the study areas and the miners working on those sites area.
Pick and place task is one among the most important tasks in industrial field handled by “Selective
Compliance Assembly Robot Arm” (SCARA). Repeatability with high-speed movement in horizontal plane is
remarkable feature of this type of manipulator. The challenge of design SCARA is the difficulty of achieving
stability of high-speed movement with long length of links. Shorter links arm can move more stable. This
condition made the links should be considered restrict then followed by restriction of operation area
(workspace). In this research, authors demonstrated on expanding SCARA robot’s workspace in horizontal area
via linear sliding actuator that embedded to base link of the robot arm. With one additional prismatic joint the
previous robot manipulator with 3 degree of freedom (3-DOF), 2 revolute joints and 1 prismatic joint is become
4-DOF PRRP manipulator. This designation increased workspace of robot from 0.5698m2 performed by the
previous arm (without linear actuator) to 1.1281m2 by the propose arm (with linear actuator). The increasing
rate was about 97.97% of workspace with the same links length. The result of experimentation also indicated
that the operation time spent to reach object position was also reduced.
The paper contains several technical solutions of air and moisture permeability in textile
layers and theirs combinations. It is useful collection of the author’s knowledge from several last years.
Discussed are also various marketing declarations of miraculous characteristics of individual used materials.
Examples show not only own technical solution, but also the good description of ongoing processes, using the
method of numerical simulation.
Physical and chemical properties of host environment to concrete structures have serious impact on
the performance and durability of constructed concrete facilities. This paper presents a 7-month study that
simulated the influence of soil contamination due to organic abattoir waste and indiscriminate disposal of spent
hydrocarbon on strength and durability of embedded concrete. Concrete mix, 1:1.5:3 was designed for all cube
and beam specimens with water-cement ratio of 0.5 and the compressive and flexural strengths of the specimen
were measured from age 28 days up to 196 days in the host environment. It was found that both host
environments attack the physical and strength of concrete in compression and flexure. However, hydrocarbon
had much greater adverse effect on the load-carrying capacity of concrete structures and hence make
constructed facilities less serviceable and vulnerable to premature failure.
More from International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering and Technology (20)
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
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Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Identity Management In Cloud Computing
1. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering and Technology (IJMRET)
www.ijmret.org Volume 1 Issue 5 ǁ December 2016.
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Identity Management In Cloud Computing
Mr. Chris Villemuer& Dr. Syed Adeel Ahmed
Abstract:This paper discusses the adoption of cloud computing by many businesses and organizations. Cloud
adoption has many benefits such as reduced IT costs, and accelerated adoption of new services. However, this
accelerated adoption present challenges to effective Identity Management. Many existing Identity Management
problems exist in cloud computing, but are further complicated. Now IT professionals must think outside the
realm of the internal IT infrastructure to integrate cloud services into the organization. User
provisioning/deprovisioning, credential management, auditing/access monitoring, and federal regulation
compliance must be considered across the boundaries of the internal organization’s network. Traditional
Identity Management systems can be leveraged to solve these issues. Most cloud service providers have means
to integrate on-premise Identity Management systems and identity records into their services. This requires
bridiging and/or proxy systems for on-premise resources to interact with cloud services. Vendors such as
Microsoft andCelestix provide such systems that bridge between on-premise and the cloud. New solutions are
also being developed and adopted with a “cloud first” approach in the form of Identity as a Service (IDaaS).
This is an evolving new approach that has potential to also revolutionize how Identity Management is conducted
in organizations. Any solutions adopted to meet cloud Identity Management challenges must still comply with
organizational and federal regulation requirements.
Keywords:Cloud, Identity Management, IDaaS, password sprawl, on- premise, auditing, compliance
I. Introduction
The Information Technology industry has been
embracing a new computing model in recent years.
This model is known as cloud computing.Prior to
this, many organizations administered to and
operated their own physical IT infrastructures from
within, also referred to as on-premise computing.
Hosting resources on-premise has proven to be
costly. Industry practices such as the “5 Year Rule”
for replacing on-premise hardware continually drives
up costs. The figure below is an example of the
TCO(Total Cost of Ownership) to host an application
on a physical server vs hosting on a virtual server in
the Microsoft Windows Azure cloud. The TCO for
on-premise hosting over 5 years is greater than
hosting in Azure (Wlodarz, 2013).
Figure 1.TCO generated from http://softwareadvice.com/tco/
To reduce these costs, organizations have been
moving various IT roles and services to cloud
platforms. While this approach has proven effective
at reducing up-front costs such as hardware
maintenance, it presents new challenges for
enterprise Identity Management. Failing to meet
these challenges can have higher costly results than
the net savings gained from cloud adoption. There
are solutions and approaches available to help
organizations gain the benefits of cloud adoption
while limiting risk and facing challenges associated
with effective Identity Management in cloud
computing.
II. Problem
Cloud platforms and services provide various
benefits such as cost savings andmore rapid
deployment of applications/service. However,
Identity and Access Management for these entities
remains a constant need. IT professionals within an
organization are still responsible for facilitating user
access to these new cloud services. In many cases,
this facilitation requires on-premise processes and
resources to interact with cloud providers. This
results in an increased scope of Identity Management
and security controls.
2.1. User Provisioning/Deprovisioning
At the core of Identity Management is
provisioning identities/users within systems. This
establishes “who am I” with a system’s context.
These established identities are then granted access to
system components based on varying criteria such as
2. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering and Technology (IJMRET)
www.ijmret.org Volume 1 Issue 5 ǁ December 2016.
w w w . i j m r e t . o r g Page 44
roles.IdM systems such as Microsoft Identity
Manager 2016 or Oracle Identity Manager are
responsible for provisioning and deprovisioning
identities in various on-premise systems. Setup and
on-going maintenance of these Identity and Access
Management systems for on-premise services are
traditionally costly. In many cases, custom logic is
written into these systems to interact with specific
on-premise systems. Unfortunately, many traditional
IdM systems are not designed to operate outside of an
enterprise firewall, or simply do not have adequate
controls to interact with continually evolving cloud
services (Musthaler, 2013). As a result, IT
professionals must develop customized manual or
partially automated processes to integrate cloud
services into the IT infrastructure. These cloud
services often have their own login systems and
connector APIs that do not always work with
internal/on-premiseIdM systems (Chickowski, 2013).
2.2. User Password Sprawl
Once an identity is provisioned in a cloud system,
sufficient credentials must be established to leverage
it. The user must present these credentials to
authenticate access to a system. The most frequently
used form of credential is a username and password
combination. Many organizations must comply with
federal laws and regulations for securely managing
user credentials.
On-premise applications either have their own
identity stores, or somehow leverage an existing
identity store containing credentials. Cloud-based
services often follow the same model. However,
many organizations employ firewalls or other
security controls to prevent external entities from
accessing on-premise credentials. This presents an
added challenge for integrating cloud services into
existing IT infrastructures. A quick workaround to
this problem is to simply provision a new identity and
set of credentials in the cloud. More often than
desired, organizations use this workaround to
continue with rapid deployment of new cloud
services.
The end result is a sprawl of username and
password combinations across many cloud services
with users having to track these identities. According
to Centrify, a popular IT Enterprise IDaaS provider,
this has led to users writing down passwords on
sticky notes or other easily accessible forms. These
practices by users often result in increased security
risk for the organization, and dissatisfaction among
the user experience. This additional layer of identity
management also creates administrative overhead
that can overwhelm help desk managers and IT
administrators(Centrify, 2015).
2.3. Auditing and Compliance
Many organizations have an Information Security
Policy document that employees must follow. This
document defines security requirements for
leveraging IT in an organization. The definitions are
often derived from internal security requirements,
and federal regulatory requirements such as Sarbanes
Oxley and HIPAA. However, the existence alone of
this document is not enough to reduce security risk.
Users do not always comply with policies defined in
these documents for various reasons such as lack of
understanding, or willful disregard of the policies.
This demonstrates the need for IT security
compliance and auditing. These are also important
components of Identity Management. Once an
identity is established within a system, its access into
critical data must be monitored. Audit policies and
practices within systems allow activities to be tied to
an individual’s usage. This reduces risks associated
with fraud, theft, and other potential breaches of
valuable information (Howarth, 2014).
Most on-premise systems allow IT administrators
to have granular control and visibility into raw audit
logging data. However, cloud services do not offer
the same functionality. Two common reasons for this
are technical limitations by the cloud provider that
make it not possible to share this information, or
unwillingness by cloud provider to share this
information. In general, terms and conditions offered
by even IDaaS cloud providers are not equivalent to
features offered by on-premise environments (Bedell,
2012). The feature disconnect in other cloud services
without Identity Management as a focus is likely to
be even greater.
III. Solution
The most commonly used approach to dealing with
Identity Management issues in the cloud is to
leverage on-premise Identity Management
infrastructure as much as possible. This is an
intuitive approach, which is likely to have the least
overall cost in the long term, due to reduced risk of
managing separate identities and avoiding
unnecessary investments in extraneousIdentity
Management processes or systems.
There are also cloud-based solutions available that
can integrate with on-premise systems, as well as
operate primarily in the cloud.
3.1. SingleSign-On
Identity Federation/Single Sign-On (SSO) has
become widely adopted among organizations in
recent years. It allows organizations to share identity
and access information without actually transmitting
copies of identity records and/or passwords.
A widely used SSO system is Microsoft’s Active
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Directory Federation Services (ADFS). ADFS is
included as a feature of the Windows Server
operating system at no additional financial cost. It
allowsorganizations to create federated trusts with
SSO systems in other organizations. Many cloud
providers, such as Microsoft’s Office 365, have
seamless integration into ADFS. ADFS allows
organizations to use credentials in existing Active
Directory and LDAP directories. Leveraging on-
premise credentials reduces the risksassociated with
duplicating usernames and passwords across multiple
systems. It also allows rapid deprovisioning and
access control for users in cloud applications and
services(Chickowski, 2013). Furthermore, on-
premise audit logging systems still retain much of
desired visibility into user access since authentication
events occur on-premise.
Companies such as Celestix provide tools to further
enhance the native integration of ADFS and Office
365. Celestix Federated is a made-ready solution that
allows seamless implementations of ADFS and
integration into existing Identity Management
infrastructure (Celestix, 2016).
3.2. Identity Synchronization & Proxy
Another approach is to establish proxy services
between on-premise identities and cloud providers.
While identity federation / SSO can be viewed as a
cloud Identity Management proxy system, it is
different because it is built on industry standards that
were designed to meet needs beyond Identity
Management for cloud systems. Some vendors today
provide proprietary systems that are specifically
designed to integrate on-premise identities with their
own cloud services.
Microsoft provides a free identity
proxy/synchronization system known as Azure Active
Directory Connect. This tool is designed to
synchronize on-premise Active Directory identities to
Office 365 and Azure cloud services. It allows for
user provisioning/deprovisioning, bi-directional
password synchronization, and group filtering. While
it is not security best practice to distribute user
credentials to other systems, password
synchronization does reduce the number of distinct
passwords a user must track. Which in turn reduces
the risk a user will carelessly write passwords down
on sticky-notes or other unsecure media. Also, group
filtering allows on-premiseaccess control to cloud
based systems, as well as leveraging existing auditing
infrastructure for compliance.
Centrify offers an on-premise proxy service called
Centrify Cloud Connector. This allows integration of
on-premise identities in Active Directory to
CentrifyIDaaS. This integration behaves as a true
proxy. Identity datais not required to be synchronized
to the cloud(Centrify, 2015). This eliminates the risk
associated with user credential sprawl as it fully
leverages existing on-premise Identity Management
infrastructure. CentrifyIDaaS then bridges these
identities into cloud services such as Office 365, and
Google Apps for Work.
3.3. Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
The most rapidly developing approach to managing
identities in cloud computing is Identity as a Service.
This solution has minimal to no interaction with on-
premise Identity Management systems. In some
cases, IDaaScan be the primary Identity Management
system and/or provider for an organization. Identities
are provisioned and managed in the cloud, then
presented to on-premise resources as needed.
PingIdentity provides an IDaaS solution called
PingOne Directory. Identities are provisioned and
managed in the PingOne Directory, and are made
available via PingIdentity’s SSO services.
PingIdentity integrates with many popular SaaS
cloud service providers such as Office 365, Google
Apps, Box, and Amazon Web Services(PingIdentity,
2016). The PingIdentity SSO service can then be
leveraged by on-premise resources such as ADFS.
While IDaaS is an emerging technology with a
significantly different model than on-premise Identity
Management systems, it shows promise for managing
identities in the cloud. Unlike traditional IdM
systems, IDaaS systems are being designed with a
“cloud first” mentality. Organizations must be
cautious in adopting IDaaS, as thorough testing and
evaluation should be performed to ensure the desired
IDaaS cloud service meets IT operational,
administrative, and security requirements for the
organization.
IV. Conclusion
Many organizations will continue to adopt cloud
computing at an accelerated rate. This adoption will
revolutionize how IT and business operations are
conducted. However, the need for effective Identity
Management remains constant. Cloud platforms
present new challenges to Identity Management such
as working around firewalls, while also
demonstrating the need to address classic challenges.
Effective user provisioning/deprovisioning and
credential management process are still needed.
Organizations must continue to comply with federal
regulations for auditing and access of sensitive data.
Classic solutions can be adopted to address the
Identity Management challenges of cloud computing.
New approaches such as IDaaS also present
opportunities to supplement and/or improve IT
industry standards for Identity Management. In the
end, organizations must decide which Identity
Management approaches best meet business needs.
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know-benefits-of-microsoft-active-
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