The document discusses various agricultural machinery used in harvesting and processing crops. It describes reapers, which can be animal-drawn, engine-powered, or tractor-mounted. It also describes combine harvesters, which both reap and thresh grains crops in a single pass. Threshers are discussed as machines that separate seeds from stalks using a rotating drum and concave. The document provides details on components and principles of operation for reapers, combines, threshers, and machinery used in rice milling and parboiling.

1. Identification of reapers, combine harvester,
threshers, paddy cleaners/dryer, paddy
parboiling and milling machinery, grading machinery,
dehulling machinery, parts,
functions, calibration, operation and maintenance
Practical No. 05
AG 1207 - Agricultural Implements and Machines
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2. Reaper
• A reaper may be classified as;
• animal-drawn reaper,
• animal-drawn engine operated reaper,
• tractor rear mounted PTO operated reaper,
• power tiller operated or tractor front mounted vertical conveyer type reapers
• tractor mounted reaper binder.
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4. Animal-drawn engine operated reaper:
• It has a cutter bar of 1.35 m length.
• 4-stroke petrol engine operates the cutter bar.
• field efficiency of about 80%.
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5. Power tiller/Tractor front mounted vertical
conveyer reaper windrower:
• A machine called vertical conveyor reaper–cum-windrower can cut
the crop and lay it in the form of windrow for easy picking.
• It consists of a conventional cutter bar assembly, crop row dividers
with star wheels, covers, pressure springs and vertical conveyor belts
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7. Tractor rear mounted PTO operated self-
raking reaper:
• The machine carries a cutter bar, the drive to which is given from PTO
of a tractor.
• It is a side delivery machine in which crop is collected over a platform
and is delivered on one side in the form of bound bunches of desired
size
• The raking and sweeping of harvested crop is done mechanically.
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8. combine harvester
• used to harvest grain crops such as wheat, corn, soybeans, and rice.
• the combine performs two, and more, basic functions of harvesting:
• first it reaps (cuts) the crop, and
• then it threshes it, separating the kernels of grain from the seed coverings
and other debris
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10. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymgdUEXLcuw&t=4s&ab_chann
el=FieldkingFarmEquipment
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11. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWugUdIxUaA&ab_channel=Do
YouKnowVinay
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12. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMU0goBWRjY&ab_channel=Lo
nkhuyzen
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13. Maintenance
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfTkBhLon28&ab_channel=Krus
hiNews
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14. Threshers
• A machine use to separate seeds from ear heads and clean them.
• There are rotating drum and stationary cover called concave.
• harvest go through concave and drum to separate and clean them by
air flow made by fan.
• There are two types of threshers
1. Axial
2. Tangential
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15. Main Components of Thresher
• (i) Drive pulley
• (ii) Fan/blower
• (iii) Feeding chute
• (iv) Spikes
• (v) Cylinder
• (vi) Concave
• (vii) Flywheel
• (viii) Frame
• (ix) Towing hook
• (x) Upper sieve
• (xi) Lower sieve
• (xii) Transport wheel
• (xiii) Suspension lever
• (xiv) Can pulley
• (xv) Shutter plate
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16. Principles of threshing:
• The threshing mechanism, which separates the grain from the stalks,
consists mainly of a revolving cylinder and the concaves.
• Axial Flow Thresher: The crop in this thresher is fed into the cylinder
through a feeding chute located at one end of the threshing drum.
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17. Functional components of threshing unit:
• A power thresher essentially consists of feeding unit, threshing unit,
cleaning unit, power transmission unit, main frame and transport unit
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18. Feeding Hopper:
• In this type of feeding device there is a hopper, placed on the top of
the threshing cylinder.
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19. Threshing Unit:
• The threshing is accomplished by the impact of the rotating pegs
mounted on the cylinder, over to the ear heads, which force out the
grain from the sheath holding it.
• There are different types of threshing cylinders :
• Spike tooth/peg type cylinder
• Rasp bar type cylinder
• Angled bar type cylinder
• Wire loop type cylinder
• Cutter blade or syndicator type cylinder
• Hammer mill type cylinder
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20. Rice milling
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIaxP-
t_eu8&ab_channel=RicegrowersAssociationofAustralia
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21. Parboiling System for Rice Mills
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W7gMOr0cjk&t=401s&ab_cha
nnel=FoodOutlook
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