Sprayers.pptx

Identification of types of sprayers and
dusters, parts, function, calibration,
operation and maintenance
Practical No 04
AG 1207 - Agricultural Implements and Machines
2/24/2022 P.A.S.S. Pushpakumara | ATI - Gampaha 1

Sprayers

Hose Sprayers
• fit on the end of the garden hose.
• They make from one to fifteen or more
gallons of spray, depending on the model you
select.
• This type is popular with the home gardener
because it is easy to use.
• Many have adjustable nozzles, permitting the
use of a fine or coarse spray.

Piston type Sprayers - Knapsack
• can be used in any part of the garden
because they are self contained.
• Most varieties make between one gallon
and three and one-half gallons of spray.
• They usually have a sling attachment so
you can adjust the sprayer over your
shoulder or on your back and carry it
anywhere in the garden or orchard.

Hand-pump Sprayers
• make from a pint to a quart of spray and
this is often the answer for a small spraying
job.
• Keep one handy for that single rose bush,
etc.
• Nozzles on some are adjustable and some
are pressurized.

Compression type -Squeeze Dusters
• are soft plastic containers that you simply squeeze to
get a puff of the powdered material to flow from it.
• They are very handy.
• But sometimes are not too efficient.
• Often used when you have just a few plants to take
care of.

Aerosols
• many of the major companies now package insecticides and various
other products in aerosol containers.
• These are especially handy for small spraying jobs.
• The distance the spray will travel and the coarseness of the mist are
predetermined on most all types.
• Keep them out of reach of the children.

Hand Dusters
• are not as common as other types of
applicators, probably because
powdered materials are not used as
frequently as liquids.
• Nevertheless, they are handy and quite
efficient.
• Surplus material is simply returned to
the original container.
• It does not have to be discarded or
wasted.

Types of sprayers according to operating type
sprayers
hand
liquid
dust
power
liquid
dust
tractor
mounted
2wheel tractor
mounted
4 wheel tracor
mounted

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SPRAYER
Components of a sprayer are as follows
• Pump
• Chemical tank
• agitator
• Air chamber
• pressure gauge
• Pressure regulator
• valves
• Strainer
• suction line
• delivery line
• nozzles

Pump :
• A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries, or
gases from one place to another. A pump displaces a volume by
physical or mechanical action.
Tank:
It is the container to hold the chemical solution. It is made up of PVC,
Brass….

Agitator:
• It is the device which stirs the solution and keep the contents in
homogenous condition.
Air chamber:
• In a reciprocating type pump, an air chamber is provided on the
discharge line of the pump to level out the pulsations of the pump
and thus providing a constant nozzle pressure

Pressure gauge:
It is a dial gauge which indicates the pressure at which the liquid is
delivered from the pump.
Pressure regulator:
The pressure regulator serves several important functions. It is the
means of adjusting the pressure as required for any spray job with in
the pressure range of the pump.

Valves:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids,
or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
• Cut-off valve is provided in the delivery line to control the flow from the pump,
• By-pass valve is provided in the delivery line to by-pass the flow from pump to
tank when flow in delivery line is reduced than the pump capacity
• Relief valve - It is an automatic device to control the pressure of fluid or gas
within a range a predetermined pressure.
Strainer :
It is a small circular plastic ring with nylon wire mesh to filter any dust particle
coming with the chemical solution
Eg. Knapsack sprayers

Nozzles :
It is the component which breaks the fluid in to fine droplet .

Hydraulic energy nozzles types
Cone type
• Hollow cone type – recommended for the application of
insecticides/fungicides to field crop.
• Solid cone type – produce full cone spray pattern. Droplets are larger
than hollow cone type. Goods for soil applied and systemic
herbicides.

Flat fan nozzle
• Regular flat fan type nozzle-
• sprays a narrow oval pattern with lighter edges. Ideal for spraying
flat surfaces.
• Even flat fan nozzle –
• produce a narrow rectangular pattern with a sharp cut of edges.
Provide uniform distribution across the entire width of the spray
band.
• Deflector/impact/anvil/flooding nozzle-
• produce a wide angle flat fan spray pattern. large droplets. More
droplets land at the outer edges of the fan and the pattern is
rather uneven.

Power sprayer
Power sprayer is a sprayer that contains 2
stroke engines. Blower rotates by engine
power. Blower is rotating about 5000-7000
rpm.
Parts of power sprayer
• Air cleaner
• Carburetor
• Spark plug
• Cylinder block
• Liquid tank
• Accelerator
• Air hose
• Nozzle

Hand sprayers
• Power – pressure power
• Function – can spray up to small height
• Uses – pesticide application
fungicides and foliar.

Compression type hand sprayer
Pressure gage
Pressure release valve
Tank
Hose attachment
Piston barrel
Piston
Valve box
Lather cup

Trombone type hand sprayer
 Uses – fertilizer and pesticide application for
home garden and nursery
Parts
 rubber tube
 cylinder
 suction valve
 out let valve
 hole in piston wall
 piston
 nozzle

Sprayer maintenance
• Rinse the sprayer nozzle – always nozzle should be cleans the pure water.
Not use wares or other things for clean the nozzle.
• Changing one chemical to another – first we have to wash sprayer tank
with detergent at two times. Before wash the tank need to drain out all the
chemicals in the tank. We have to wash all the filters and other valves.
• Lubrication – need to lubrication for piston pump. Lubrication should be
carried out carefully. Because if we use much lubricant can block the
valves.
• Tank fill with chemicals – first fill with water and then fill chemical. Because
to protect our tank.
• Storing – when not use store in good and safety place. And also store the
nozzle separately. Because protect the nozzle.

Sprayers.pptx

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