Ibn Khaldun was an influential 14th century Arab historian, philosopher and scholar. He was born in Tunisia in 1332 and wrote an influential work called Muqaddima. Ibn Khaldun believed education should be based on scientific principles including that human thought distinguishes people, teaching and learning is natural, and education requires both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. He advocated for an organized curriculum that moves from simple to complex concepts and differentiated between common awareness, comprehension, and specialized talent acquired through practice.

1. Submitted To:
Dr. Naureen Syed.
Submitted by:
Syeda Barka Batool.

2. Ibn Khaldun was an Arab scholar of
Islam, social scientist, philosopher and
historian

3. Born: May 27, 1332, Tunis
Died: March 17, 1406, Cairo, Egypt
Full name: Abd Ar Rahman bin Muhammed ibn Khaldun
Influenced by: Ibn Sina
Famous Book: Muqaddima

4. Ibn Khaldun's education relies on scientific bases that proceed from the
following principles:
First principle: Human thought
Second Principle: Teaching and learning in human nature
Third Principle: Theoretical and applied competences
Fourth Principle: The relation of knowledge and science to the physical
world.

5. First principle: Human thought
It is the thought that distinguishes man from other
creatures.
All sciences and crafts spring from this thought
since man keeps thinking about himself.

6. Second Principle:
Teaching and learning in human nature
This indicates that teaching and learning is natural for
humans. Thus, there is no knowledge outside the human society.

7. Third Principle: Theoretical and applied competences
 Ibn Khaldun considers education as a craft or industry.
 This suggests that one should obtain its theoretical and
applied competences through training, practicing,
studying and conducting research.

8. Learner:
According to Ibn-Khaldun, it is restricted to receiving everything planned.
His focused on the cause-and-effect relationships.
Stage 1 (Introduction): A brief introduction of the topic should be given to the student.
Stage 2 (Development): The topic should now be explained in great detail for the better
understanding of the students.
Stage 3 (Recap): In the end of the lesson, the topic must be revised again.

9. Content (curriculum ):
Ibn-Khaldun asserts that the curriculum should be well-organized
in accordance with certain principles that take into account the
learners’ abilities and their aptitudes.
The content should follow a logical sequence and grading that
moves from simple to more complex elements, from easy to difficult.

10. Ibn-Khaldun differentiates between three major elements: awareness,
comprehension and talent and he avers that awareness and
comprehension are common features among all people whether educated
or popular while “talent” comes as a result of long and hard practice that
enables the person to acquire the scientific laws and principles of a given
craft.

11. Teacher professional development:
Ibn-Khaldun stresses that teachers should not stop learning anytime
and they also need to explore the new elements in the various disciplines.
Linking education to reality:
Ibn-Khaldun believes that teachers need to use practical examples.
Using sensory–based methods of teaching especially with beginners.

12. o Teachers should not move from one task or activity before
they are certain that learners clearly understood the first
task or material to avoid any possible lack of
comprehension on the part of the learner.
o Teachers should avoid using violence.