This document discusses key concepts in interpersonal behavior and group dynamics. It covers psychological contracts, trust, prosocial behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, cooperation vs competition, and personal orientations. The main points are: - Psychological contracts can be transactional, focusing on short-term economic exchanges, or relational, involving long-term, widely defined relationships. - Trust can develop through calculus-based deterrence or identification-based acceptance. Meeting commitments and sharing values/goals promotes trust. - Prosocial behaviors like organizational citizenship and whistleblowing benefit others in an organization. Fair treatment encourages these behaviors. - Cooperation involves working together towards common goals, while competition aims to maximize personal gains at others' expense

1. Interpersonal Behaviour and Group Dynamics By: Raghav Malhotra MBA Gen. Presentation On INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH M.D.U. ROHTAK

2. Interpersonal Behavior A variety of behaviors involving the ways in which people work with and against one another

3. Psychological Contracts People’s beliefs about what is expected of another in a relationship Transactional Contract : A type of psychological contract that is characterized by an exclusively economic focus, a brief time span, an unchanging nature, and is narrow and well defined in scope Relational Contract : A type of psychological contract in which the parties have a long-term and widely defined relationship with a vast focus

4. Psychological Contracts

5. Trust A person’s degree of confidence in the words and actions of another Calculus-Based Trust : A form of trust based on deterrence, whenever people believe that another will behave as promised out of fear of getting punished for doing otherwise Identification-Based Trust : A form of trust based on accepting the wants and desires of another person

6. Developing Trust How trust develops : Some people tend to be more trusting than others People develop reputations for being trustworthy How to promote trust : Always meet deadlines Follow through as promised Spend time sharing personal values and goals

7. Prosocial Behavior Prosocial behavior can be defined as acts that benefit others in organizations Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) can be defined as acts that exceed the formal requirements of one’s job Whistle-blowing is the disclosure by employees of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices by employers to people or organizations able to effect action

8. Organizational Citizenship Behavior

9. Organizational Citizenship Behavior The more people believe they are treated fairly by the organization: The more they trust its management The more willing they are to go the extra mile to help out when needed Although the effects of OCB may be indirect and difficult to measure, they can be very profound To promote OCB: Go out of your way to help others Be an example of conscientiousness Make voluntary functions fun Demonstrate courtesy and good sportsmanship

10. Cooperation and Competition Cooperation can be defined as those situations in which two or more individuals, teams or organizations work together toward some common goal Factors that contribute to cooperation: Reciprocity principle : the tendency for people to treat others the way they have been treated in the past Personal orientation : some people tend to be more cooperative, by nature, than others Organizational reward systems Competition can be defined as a pattern of behavior in which each person, group, or organization seeks to maximize its own gains, often at the expense of others

11. Levels of Cooperation/Assertiveness Collaboration: cooperation and assertiveness Accommodating: cooperation and unassertive Compromising: between cooperative and assertive Forcing: assertive and uncooperative (conflict/competition) Avoiding: unassertive and uncooperative

12. Personal Orientations Competitors People whose primary motive is doing better than others, besting them in open competition Individualists People who care almost exclusively about maximizing their own gain, and don’t care whether others do better or worse than themselves Cooperators People who are concerned with maximizing joint outcomes, getting as much as possible for their team Equalizers People who are primarily interested in minimizing the differences between themselves and others

13. Cooperation vs. Competition vs. Conflict When cooperating with one another, people contribute to attaining the same goal that they share. However, when competing against one another, people attempt to attain the same goal, which only one can have. And, conflict occurs when there are competing goals.

29. Refrences Books -Robbins, OB, Prentice Hall -LM Prasad,OB, Sultan chand & Sons Web www.wikipedea.org www.Pagalguy.com www.freemba.in www.authorstream.com www.CartoonStock.com.

30. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH ROHTAK