International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Seismic response of frp strengthened rc frameiaemedu
This document discusses research on strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) frames with fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). It summarizes previous studies on using FRP to strengthen beams and columns. However, few studies have analyzed FRP-strengthened RC frames as a whole system. The present study uses finite element analysis to model RC frames strengthened with varying FRP thicknesses and investigates their seismic response. Models of 2-bay, 3-story and 3-bay, 5-story frames are analyzed for different crack locations. The results are intended to help develop design criteria for seismic retrofitting of RC frames with FRP.
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) The document describes an experimental investigation of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck panels subjected to static and fatigue loading.
2) Testing of prototype GFRP composite bridge deck panels was conducted under simulated wheel loads, with two rectangular patch loads applied symmetrically.
3) The results showed that under buckling criteria, panels failed at 123.6 kN with a deflection of 7.538mm, and under local shear criteria panels failed at 113.8 kN with a deflection of 4.057mm. Panels also resisted up to 5 million fatigue cycles.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Analysis of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube (CFDST) column with FRP wr...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial loads through finite element modeling.
2. Eighteen CFDST column models were created with variations in FRP type (carbon or glass), number of FRP layers, spacing between layers, and column length.
3. The analysis found that deformation decreased with closer FRP spacing, more layers, and longer columns. Stress also decreased with more layers but increased with closer spacing and longer columns. Carbon FRP confined columns better than glass FRP.
Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joint...IJERA Editor
Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that most of the reinforced concrete structures were severely damaged during earthquakes and they need major repair works. Beam column joints, being the lateral and vertical load resisting members in reinforced concrete structures are particularly vulnerable to failures during earthquakes. The existing reinforced concrete beam column joints which are not designed as per code IS13920:1993 must be strengthened since they do not meet the ductility requirements. The Finite element method (FEM) has become a staple for predicting and simulating the physical behaviour of complex engineering systems. The commercial finite element analysis (FEA) programs have gained common acceptance among engineers in industry and researchers. The details of the finite element analysis of beam column joints retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP) carried out using the package ANSYS are presented in this paper. Three exterior reinforced concrete beam column joint specimens were modelled using ANSYS package. The first specimen is the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000. The second specimen which is also the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 13920:1993. The third specimen had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000 and was retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. During the analysis both the ends of column were hinged. Static load was applied at the free end of the cantilever beam up to a controlled load. The performance of the retrofitted beam column joint was compared with the control specimens and the results are presented in this paper.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Seismic response of frp strengthened rc frameiaemedu
This document discusses research on strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) frames with fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). It summarizes previous studies on using FRP to strengthen beams and columns. However, few studies have analyzed FRP-strengthened RC frames as a whole system. The present study uses finite element analysis to model RC frames strengthened with varying FRP thicknesses and investigates their seismic response. Models of 2-bay, 3-story and 3-bay, 5-story frames are analyzed for different crack locations. The results are intended to help develop design criteria for seismic retrofitting of RC frames with FRP.
Effect of width and layers of GFRP strips on deflection of Reinforced Concret...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1) The document describes an experimental investigation of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) bridge deck panels subjected to static and fatigue loading.
2) Testing of prototype GFRP composite bridge deck panels was conducted under simulated wheel loads, with two rectangular patch loads applied symmetrically.
3) The results showed that under buckling criteria, panels failed at 123.6 kN with a deflection of 7.538mm, and under local shear criteria panels failed at 113.8 kN with a deflection of 4.057mm. Panels also resisted up to 5 million fatigue cycles.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear C...IJERA Editor
Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study
the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs
were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared
with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the
perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Analysis of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube (CFDST) column with FRP wr...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial loads through finite element modeling.
2. Eighteen CFDST column models were created with variations in FRP type (carbon or glass), number of FRP layers, spacing between layers, and column length.
3. The analysis found that deformation decreased with closer FRP spacing, more layers, and longer columns. Stress also decreased with more layers but increased with closer spacing and longer columns. Carbon FRP confined columns better than glass FRP.
Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joint...IJERA Editor
Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that most of the reinforced concrete structures were severely damaged during earthquakes and they need major repair works. Beam column joints, being the lateral and vertical load resisting members in reinforced concrete structures are particularly vulnerable to failures during earthquakes. The existing reinforced concrete beam column joints which are not designed as per code IS13920:1993 must be strengthened since they do not meet the ductility requirements. The Finite element method (FEM) has become a staple for predicting and simulating the physical behaviour of complex engineering systems. The commercial finite element analysis (FEA) programs have gained common acceptance among engineers in industry and researchers. The details of the finite element analysis of beam column joints retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP) carried out using the package ANSYS are presented in this paper. Three exterior reinforced concrete beam column joint specimens were modelled using ANSYS package. The first specimen is the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000. The second specimen which is also the control specimen. This had reinforcement as per code IS 13920:1993. The third specimen had reinforcement as per code IS 456:2000 and was retrofitted with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. During the analysis both the ends of column were hinged. Static load was applied at the free end of the cantilever beam up to a controlled load. The performance of the retrofitted beam column joint was compared with the control specimens and the results are presented in this paper.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
The document summarizes an experimental study on the cracking behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups and with varying span-to-depth (a/D) ratios. Eight SFRC beams with different depths were tested under two-point or center-point loading. The study found that beams with a/D ratios less than 1 failed in brittle shear mode, beams with ratios from 1-2.5 failed in both shear and flexure, and beams over 2.5 failed in flexure. Crack patterns, propagation, and failure modes were observed to understand the behavior of SFRC beams under different loading conditions. The objective was to provide a systematic study on cracking behavior for varying a/D
buckling analysis of cantilever pultruded I-sections using 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑌𝑆 ®IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study on buckling analysis of cantilever pultruded I-beams using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Four different pultruded I-beam cross sections were modeled and buckling loads were calculated and compared to experimental data. The results showed good agreement with experimental values. A parametric study was also conducted to analyze the effect of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction on critical buckling loads of the beams under a point load. Global lateral-torsional buckling loads and local flange buckling loads were determined for different fiber angles and volume fractions.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with BFR...IRJET Journal
1. The document studies the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets.
2. Beams of size 1200x100x150 mm were cast and strengthened with BFRP sheets of varying widths (50, 75, 100 mm) in single layers.
3. When tested under flexure, beams strengthened with 75 mm wide BFRP sheets showed a 36% increase in flexural strength and 20% decrease in deflection compared to the control beam without strengthening.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical study of behavior of square footing on geogrid reinforced flyash be...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips to strengthen timber beams. Five deodar wood beams were tested: one unreinforced control beam and four beams strengthened with CFRP strips of varying widths applied to the bottom surface in tension. The CFRP strengthening significantly improved the beams' load-carrying capacity, with increases in maximum flexural strength ranging from 18% to 71%. Testing showed that combining CFRP reinforcement for both flexure and shear led to the greatest improvements in beam strength and represented an effective technique for reinforcing or rehabilitating existing timber structures.
Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened...IJERA Editor
The document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets. Twenty-two beams were tested with varying degrees of damage (0%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) and BFRP strengthening configurations (single layer, double layer). The results showed that beams with 0-80% damage strengthened with single-layer BFRP exhibited higher load capacities than the control beam, while beams with 90-100% damage did not see appreciable increases. In general, load capacity increased with additional BFRP layers but began decreasing with higher damage levels. The BFRP wrapping improved cracking behavior and increased yield and ultimate displacements.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on using ferrocement to repair reinforced concrete beams. Three sets of RC beams were tested to failure and then repaired with different ferrocement layer configurations. Beams in set 1 were repaired with a 0.5 inch layer on three sides. Set 2 beams had two 1 inch layers on the bottom and one 1 inch layer on two sides. Set 3 beams had a total of 1 inch layer on three sides. The repaired beams were re-tested and their cracking loads, ultimate loads, and deflections were compared to the original beams. Test results showed that beams with two bottom layers of ferrocement overlay performed comparatively better in strengthening the beams. The study demonstrated that ferrocement layers can
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE BEAMIAEME Publication
In recent years, the use of composite structures with Glass Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (GFRP) material has increased greatly due to its non-corrosive, nonconductive,
high strength-to-weight ratio, relevant fatigue endurance and cost
competitiveness. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP
material of sizes 10, 12, and 16 mm bars placed at the tension zone was modeled and
tested against horizontal loading pattern using the software ANSYS 16.1.
Characteristics of composite beam viz. stiffness and displacement are studied against
vibrations and frequency, respectively, against conventional beam. Analytical results
of ANSYS 16.1 software are i) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension
shown less displacement ii) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension zone
shown an increase displacement of 14.2% over conventional beam but with maximum
frequency of 100Hz iii) beams with 10 mm and 12 mm GFRP material placed at
tension zone shown less variations in their displacements iv) for a similar
displacements, beams with GFRP material shown lesser frequency than conventional
and v) increasing the stiffness leads to decrease in vibration of composite beam.
Numerical Analysis of Engineered Steel Fibers as Shear Reinforcement in RC BeamsP singh
Using suitable fibers and additives in concrete to enhance its performance is an important consideration in the concrete industry with regard to the structural aspects of concrete. The purpose of this project is to investigate numerically the effectiveness of the engineered steel fiber as shear reinforcement in RC beams. Here steel fibers completely replaces the shear reinforcement (stirrups & links). The dimension of beam taken was 1000*150*150 mm with aspect ratio 80. The beams were reinforced with 10 mm steel bars as secondary reinforcement and 12 mm bars as main reinforcement on the tension side. Numerical analysis using ANSYS R16.1 software package was carried out. The load-deflection curves for the beams with different dosage of fibers were drawn superimposing their numerical values. Initially, in all three cases the curve was linear elastic and about 80% of ultimate load they tend to be non-linear. It was observed that there was fair agreement between the results which indicates some favourable aspects concerning the use of steel fibres as shear reinforcement in concrete beams. It was investigated that the inclusion of steel fibres (Hook End Type) improves the shear strength of RC beams without stirrups by improving the matrix between concrete and steel fibers. Thus this project focuses in the design and analysis using the software ANSYS R16.1 for an alternative steel reinforcement with better or equivalent performance.
Study on flexural strengthening of RC beams using ferrocement laminates with ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews 17 articles on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with ferrocement laminates containing Recron-3S fibers. The articles studied parameters like the type and number of wire meshes in the laminates, mortar mix ratios, and fiber usage. Several studies found that adding 2-3 layers of wire mesh laminates containing 2.35% mesh reinforcement and 30% steel slag increased the load capacity and ductility of strengthened beams compared to control beams. Other studies concluded that bottom layers of ferrocement provided better strengthening than side layers alone. Overall, the document evaluates research on using ferrocement laminates containing fibers to flexurally strengthen reinforced concrete beams.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document summarizes a study that tested different rehabilitation techniques for improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Three beam-column joints were tested: a control specimen and two specimens that were rehabilitated using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The control specimen failed in a brittle shear and bond failure mode, while the rehabilitated specimens exhibited a more ductile flexural failure of the beam. The rehabilitation techniques strengthened the joint shear capacity and prevented bond-slip failures of the beam reinforcement in the joint. A simple design methodology for the GFRP rehabilitation is proposed.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Improving Mechanical Properties of AL 7075 alloy by Equal Channel Angular Ext...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document discusses the importance of grain size in materials and methods for producing ultrafine grain and nanomaterials. Decreasing grain size improves mechanical properties through increasing dislocations and grain boundaries. Severe plastic deformation techniques like equal channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion are used to refine grains down to the nanoscale in a top-down process. These nanomaterials exhibit high strength, ductility, and thermal stability due to their small, uniformly distributed grains.
Comparative Study of Concrete Prisms Confined with G-FRP Wrapping Under Compr...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms confined with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapping.
- The prisms had varying edge details like sharp edges, rounded corners with radii of 13mm and 19mm, and chamfered edges of 13mm and 19mm.
- The results show that GFRP confinement significantly improved the ultimate compressive strength and failure strain of the prisms compared to unconfined prisms. Prisms with rounded corners and chamfered edges performed better than those with sharp edges.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
The document summarizes an experimental study on the cracking behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups and with varying span-to-depth (a/D) ratios. Eight SFRC beams with different depths were tested under two-point or center-point loading. The study found that beams with a/D ratios less than 1 failed in brittle shear mode, beams with ratios from 1-2.5 failed in both shear and flexure, and beams over 2.5 failed in flexure. Crack patterns, propagation, and failure modes were observed to understand the behavior of SFRC beams under different loading conditions. The objective was to provide a systematic study on cracking behavior for varying a/D
buckling analysis of cantilever pultruded I-sections using 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑌𝑆 ®IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes a study on buckling analysis of cantilever pultruded I-beams using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Four different pultruded I-beam cross sections were modeled and buckling loads were calculated and compared to experimental data. The results showed good agreement with experimental values. A parametric study was also conducted to analyze the effect of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction on critical buckling loads of the beams under a point load. Global lateral-torsional buckling loads and local flange buckling loads were determined for different fiber angles and volume fractions.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with BFR...IRJET Journal
1. The document studies the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets.
2. Beams of size 1200x100x150 mm were cast and strengthened with BFRP sheets of varying widths (50, 75, 100 mm) in single layers.
3. When tested under flexure, beams strengthened with 75 mm wide BFRP sheets showed a 36% increase in flexural strength and 20% decrease in deflection compared to the control beam without strengthening.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical study of behavior of square footing on geogrid reinforced flyash be...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips to strengthen timber beams. Five deodar wood beams were tested: one unreinforced control beam and four beams strengthened with CFRP strips of varying widths applied to the bottom surface in tension. The CFRP strengthening significantly improved the beams' load-carrying capacity, with increases in maximum flexural strength ranging from 18% to 71%. Testing showed that combining CFRP reinforcement for both flexure and shear led to the greatest improvements in beam strength and represented an effective technique for reinforcing or rehabilitating existing timber structures.
Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened...IJERA Editor
The document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets. Twenty-two beams were tested with varying degrees of damage (0%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) and BFRP strengthening configurations (single layer, double layer). The results showed that beams with 0-80% damage strengthened with single-layer BFRP exhibited higher load capacities than the control beam, while beams with 90-100% damage did not see appreciable increases. In general, load capacity increased with additional BFRP layers but began decreasing with higher damage levels. The BFRP wrapping improved cracking behavior and increased yield and ultimate displacements.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on using ferrocement to repair reinforced concrete beams. Three sets of RC beams were tested to failure and then repaired with different ferrocement layer configurations. Beams in set 1 were repaired with a 0.5 inch layer on three sides. Set 2 beams had two 1 inch layers on the bottom and one 1 inch layer on two sides. Set 3 beams had a total of 1 inch layer on three sides. The repaired beams were re-tested and their cracking loads, ultimate loads, and deflections were compared to the original beams. Test results showed that beams with two bottom layers of ferrocement overlay performed comparatively better in strengthening the beams. The study demonstrated that ferrocement layers can
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE BEAMIAEME Publication
In recent years, the use of composite structures with Glass Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (GFRP) material has increased greatly due to its non-corrosive, nonconductive,
high strength-to-weight ratio, relevant fatigue endurance and cost
competitiveness. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP
material of sizes 10, 12, and 16 mm bars placed at the tension zone was modeled and
tested against horizontal loading pattern using the software ANSYS 16.1.
Characteristics of composite beam viz. stiffness and displacement are studied against
vibrations and frequency, respectively, against conventional beam. Analytical results
of ANSYS 16.1 software are i) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension
shown less displacement ii) beams with 16 mm GFRP material placed at tension zone
shown an increase displacement of 14.2% over conventional beam but with maximum
frequency of 100Hz iii) beams with 10 mm and 12 mm GFRP material placed at
tension zone shown less variations in their displacements iv) for a similar
displacements, beams with GFRP material shown lesser frequency than conventional
and v) increasing the stiffness leads to decrease in vibration of composite beam.
Numerical Analysis of Engineered Steel Fibers as Shear Reinforcement in RC BeamsP singh
Using suitable fibers and additives in concrete to enhance its performance is an important consideration in the concrete industry with regard to the structural aspects of concrete. The purpose of this project is to investigate numerically the effectiveness of the engineered steel fiber as shear reinforcement in RC beams. Here steel fibers completely replaces the shear reinforcement (stirrups & links). The dimension of beam taken was 1000*150*150 mm with aspect ratio 80. The beams were reinforced with 10 mm steel bars as secondary reinforcement and 12 mm bars as main reinforcement on the tension side. Numerical analysis using ANSYS R16.1 software package was carried out. The load-deflection curves for the beams with different dosage of fibers were drawn superimposing their numerical values. Initially, in all three cases the curve was linear elastic and about 80% of ultimate load they tend to be non-linear. It was observed that there was fair agreement between the results which indicates some favourable aspects concerning the use of steel fibres as shear reinforcement in concrete beams. It was investigated that the inclusion of steel fibres (Hook End Type) improves the shear strength of RC beams without stirrups by improving the matrix between concrete and steel fibers. Thus this project focuses in the design and analysis using the software ANSYS R16.1 for an alternative steel reinforcement with better or equivalent performance.
Study on flexural strengthening of RC beams using ferrocement laminates with ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews 17 articles on strengthening reinforced concrete beams with ferrocement laminates containing Recron-3S fibers. The articles studied parameters like the type and number of wire meshes in the laminates, mortar mix ratios, and fiber usage. Several studies found that adding 2-3 layers of wire mesh laminates containing 2.35% mesh reinforcement and 30% steel slag increased the load capacity and ductility of strengthened beams compared to control beams. Other studies concluded that bottom layers of ferrocement provided better strengthening than side layers alone. Overall, the document evaluates research on using ferrocement laminates containing fibers to flexurally strengthen reinforced concrete beams.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document summarizes a study that tested different rehabilitation techniques for improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Three beam-column joints were tested: a control specimen and two specimens that were rehabilitated using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The control specimen failed in a brittle shear and bond failure mode, while the rehabilitated specimens exhibited a more ductile flexural failure of the beam. The rehabilitation techniques strengthened the joint shear capacity and prevented bond-slip failures of the beam reinforcement in the joint. A simple design methodology for the GFRP rehabilitation is proposed.
This study investigated the compressive strength of reinforced concrete columns wrapped with different hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) configurations. Four 150x380mm concrete columns were tested: one unconfined control column and three wrapped with different combinations of glass, basalt, and jute FRP. The column wrapped with two layers each of basalt, glass, and jute FRP (CBGJ) achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 1000kN and exceeding the unconfined column's strength by 25%. Analysis of the load-displacement and load-strain behaviors showed that the CBGJ wrapping configuration resulted in higher displacement and strain values compared to the other specimens. The results indicate that hybrid FRP wrapping can significantly
Improving Mechanical Properties of AL 7075 alloy by Equal Channel Angular Ext...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document discusses the importance of grain size in materials and methods for producing ultrafine grain and nanomaterials. Decreasing grain size improves mechanical properties through increasing dislocations and grain boundaries. Severe plastic deformation techniques like equal channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion are used to refine grains down to the nanoscale in a top-down process. These nanomaterials exhibit high strength, ductility, and thermal stability due to their small, uniformly distributed grains.
Comparative Study of Concrete Prisms Confined with G-FRP Wrapping Under Compr...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms confined with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapping.
- The prisms had varying edge details like sharp edges, rounded corners with radii of 13mm and 19mm, and chamfered edges of 13mm and 19mm.
- The results show that GFRP confinement significantly improved the ultimate compressive strength and failure strain of the prisms compared to unconfined prisms. Prisms with rounded corners and chamfered edges performed better than those with sharp edges.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the importance of higher thinking and thinking outside the box. It provides exercises to practice inside and outside the box thinking, such as connecting dots with lines or coming up with uses for random words. It encourages being curious, making connections, and considering all possibilities to develop higher thinking skills.
Analytical Study on Behaviour of RC Deep Beam with Steel Shear Plate and with...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams with and without steel shear plates through analytical modeling and finite element analysis. It discusses the importance of steel shear plates in increasing the load capacity and structural efficiency of deep beams. The study models and analyzes deep beams under different end conditions (fixed-fixed, hinged-hinged, fixed-hinged) and compares the displacement, moments, and shear forces between models with and without steel shear plates. The results show that the inclusion of steel shear plates reduces displacement, moments, and shear forces in the deep beams, indicating improved structural performance.
IRJET-Effect of GFRP Wrapping on Flexural Behaviour of Reinfored Concrete BeamsIRJET Journal
The document discusses an experimental study on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapping. Seven beam specimens were tested - one control beam and six beams wrapped with GFRP sheets with varying numbers of layers and orientations. The GFRP wrapping improved the beams' ultimate load capacity, energy absorption, and ductility compared to the control beam. Beams wrapped with three layers of GFRP in a U-shape or along the bottom showed the highest increase in ultimate load capacity of 42.5% and 25%, respectively, compared to the unwrapped control beam.
Experimental Study of Axially Loaded RC Short Columns Strengthened With Basal...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested reinforced concrete columns strengthened with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) sheets under axial loading. A total of 14 columns were tested, with 2 control columns and the others strengthened with BFRP sheets in various configurations including single and double layers. The results showed that columns strengthened with BFRP had higher load carrying capacity and ductility compared to the control columns. Specifically, columns with double layer full wrap BFRP strengthening showed the highest increases in ultimate load capacity (69%) and ductility index (100%).
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Behaviour of FRP Strengthened Deep Beam...ijtsrd
Reinforced concrete deep beams are widely used as transfer girders in offshore structures and foundations, walls of bunkers and load bearing walls in buildings. The presence of web openings in such beams is frequently required to provide accessibility such as doors and windows or to accommodate essential services such as ventilating and air conditioning ducts. Enlargement of such openings due to architectural mechanical requirements and or a change in the building's function would reduce the element's shear capacity, thus rendering a severe safety hazard. Limited studies have been reported in the literature on the behavior and strength of RC deep beams with openings. When such enlargement is unavoidable adequate measures should be taken to strengthen the beam and counteract the strength reduction. The present experimental investigation deals with the study of deep beams containing openings and the validation of results with FEM model using ANSYS. A total of 5 deep beams with openings are casted without shear reinforcements and are tested under three point loading. Test specimen has a cross section of 150x460 mm and a total length of 1200 mm. Two circular openings, one in each shear span, are placed symmetrically about the mid point of the beam. The structural response of RC deep beams with openings was primarily dependent on the degree of the interruption of the natural load path. Externally bonded GFRP shear strengthening around the openings was found very effective in upgrading the shear strength of RC deep beams. The strength gain caused by the GFRP sheets was in the range of 68-125 . Finite element modeling of RC deep beams containing openings strengthened with GFRP sheets is studied using ANSYS and the results are compared with experimental findings. Sourabh Gondly | Prof. Afzal Khan "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Behaviour of FRP Strengthened Deep Beams with Openings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59759.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/59759/experimental-and-numerical-studies-on-behaviour-of-frp-strengthened-deep-beams-with-openings/sourabh-gondly
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Deep Beam Strengthened by Glass Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on strengthening reinforced concrete deep beams using glass fiber reinforced polymer plates. Two sets of deep beams were fabricated and tested. Set I included control beams and beams strengthened in flexure using continuous GFRP sheets. Set II included control beams and beams strengthened in shear using continuous GFRP sheets. The beams were tested under two-point static loading and experimental data on load and failure modes was obtained. The study aimed to analyze the flexural and shear behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with externally bonded GFRP plates.
Experimental investigation of concrete beams reinforced with gfrp barsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested seven concrete beams reinforced with locally produced glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The study investigated the effect of reinforcement ratio (1.7 times balanced reinforcement ratio (μb) and 2.7 times μb) and concrete compressive strength (25 MPa and 45 MPa) on the beams' deflection, cracking, ultimate load capacity, and GFRP reinforcement strains. The test results showed that higher reinforcement ratios led to smaller crack widths and deflections, and higher ultimate loads. Specimens with 2.7 times μb reinforcement demonstrated ductile behavior from the concrete. The recorded GFRP strains reached 90% of the bars' ultimate strains.
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
Comparative study of experimental and analytical results of frp strengthened ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM USING FRPIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses an experimental investigation on strengthening the shear capacity of reinforced concrete T-beams using basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets.
2) A total of 22 concrete T-beams were tested with varying BFRP sheet configurations to determine their effects on the shear capacity of the beams. One beam served as a control while others were strengthened externally with BFRP sheets.
3) The results found that using BFRP sheets in a U-wrap configuration increased the shear capacity of beams by up to 12.66% compared to the control beam. However, some beams failed through debonding of the BFRP sheets. Anchoring the sheets was found to improve shear
IRJETI Comparison of RC Beam-Column Joint with GFRC Beam-Column Joint using S...IRJET Journal
This study compares reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints to glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam-column joints using finite element analysis in ANSYS. A corner beam-column joint from a two-story building was modeled in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS under 10 N/mm and 20 N/mm loads. The GFRC joint showed significantly less deformation than the RC joint, with deformations reduced by 4-6% when using GFRC. Therefore, using GFRC can improve joint performance by reducing deformations.
Experimental study on bending behaviour of triangular web profile steel beam ...eSAT Journals
Abstract A triangular web profile (TRIWP) steel section is a section made of two flanges connected to a slender web. The web and the flanges can be produced from different steel grades depending on design requirements. The flanges width and thickness is determined based on the depth of the section. The web is corrugated at regular interval into triangular shape along the length of the beam. This paper describes an experimental study on the bending behavior in major (Ix) and minor (Iy) axes of Triangular Web Profile (TRIWP) compared to flat web (FW) steel sections. Two types of sizing involved which is 200×100×6×3mm and 180×75×5×2mm section. Each of beam section was modeled using several spans such as 3m, 4m and 4.8m. It was observed that the TRIWP section had a higher stiffness about minor axis compared to that of FW steel section but has lower stiffness about major axis. The analyses results show that the flexural stiffness for TRIWP1 is 0.794 times the Ix of the flat web steel section (FW1). Meanwhile, the flexural stiffness for TRIWP1 is 1.429 times the Iy of the flat web steel section (FW1). The findings for section TRIWP2 found to be similar to that of TRIWP1. For the section TRIWP2, it was observed that the value of Ix of TRIWP is 0.780 times the Ix of FW steel section which is less than that of FW. The Iy of TRIWP is 1.393 times the Iy of FW steel section which is more than that of FW steel section. Keywords: Flexural stiffness, Bending, Triangular web profile.
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Construction of modern buildings requires many pipes and ducts in order to accommodate essential services such as air conditioning, electricity, telephone, and computer network. Web openings in concrete beams enable the installation of these services. A number of studies have been conducted with regards to reinforced concrete beams which contain web openings. The present paper aims to compile this state of the art work on the type of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams with transverse web openings. Various design approaches and strengthening techniques are also presented.
A REVIEW ON BEHAVIOR OF CONTINUOUS RC BEAMS HAVING WEB OPENINGS STRENGTHENED ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on strengthening continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets that have web openings. FRP sheets are used to strengthen beams around web openings to improve strength and stiffness. Studies have shown that wrapping FRP, such as carbon FRP (CFRP), around web openings can increase beam capacity and ductility. Finite element analysis confirms that FRP wrapping leads to better structural performance. Larger web openings reduce beam strength more than smaller openings, and minimizing opening size increases strength. FRP is an effective technique for strengthening RC beams with web openings.
Utilization of steel in construction of high performance structures: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review of research papers related to the analysis of steel structures using different alloys and metals in steel trusses. It summarizes several research papers that studied topics like cold-formed steel, steel beam-column connections, steel truss behavior, and comparisons of steel, concrete and cold-formed steel structures. The research papers used analytical and experimental methods to analyze structural behavior and load-carrying capacity. The results showed that cold-formed steel can provide economic and construction time benefits for buildings compared to other materials.
Non-Linear Analysis of Steel Domes Coated with GFRP having Circular CutoutsIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study analyzing different models of steel domes with circular cutouts coated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) using finite element analysis software.
2) Five models were analyzed: a steel dome without cutouts, steel domes with three circular cutouts and GFRP coating with two different fiber stacking sequences, and models with the cutouts radially restrained.
3) The results show that radially restraining the cutouts reduces deflection under load compared to unrestrained cutouts. Models with a particular stacking sequence and restrained cutouts showed the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
Beam column joints in concrete framed structure have been identified as critical member for transferring forces and bending moments between beams and columns. The change of moments in beam and columns across the joint region, under loadings, induces high shear force and stresses as compared with other adjacent members. The shear failure caused is often brittle in nature which is not an acceptable structural performance. Retrofitting enhances the moment carrying capacity of joint. Often beam column joints need to be strengthened. Author proposes use of ferrocement for retrofitting as wrapping technique, cost effective alternative to costly FRP wrapping technique. In this present research study, modelling & comparison of Beam-Column joint with and without ferrocement jacket is carried out by finite element method using software ANSYS APDL. The comparison shows enhanced performance of the jacketed model over Non jacketed in terms of stresses, ultimate load carrying capacity.
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF BEAM COLUMN JOINT REINFORCED WITH GFRP BARS AND STIRRUPSIRJET Journal
The document numerically evaluates different types of beam-column joints reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and steel stirrups using ANSYS software. It analyzes the seismic behavior and energy absorption capacity of interior and corner beam-column joints reinforced with various combinations of GFRP and steel. The analysis found that beam-column joints with GFRP main bars and steel stirrups had the highest energy absorption capacity and yield strength compared to other reinforcement configurations.
Shear and flexural behavior of ferro cement deep beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The recent application of Ferro cement includes prefabricated roofs elements, load bearing panels, bridge decks and others. However
there have been many structural applications in different parts of the world especially in eastern hemisphere considerable efforts have
been made by many individuals and research organization around the world to study the engineering of Ferro-cement. This present
study deals with the behavior of Ferro cement deep beams under central point load. A total of 27 rectangular deep beams have been
casted of dimension 125 x 250mm and the lengths of beams have been varied along with the variation of wire mesh and mortar
strength. Before testing, the top surfaces of these beams were white washed, to get a clear picture of crack pattern. Along with these
beams 27 cubes have been casted with the dimensions 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm. the compressive strength of mortar is determined.
Keywords: Admixture, Deep Beams, Ferro cement, Shear Span.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
CAKE: Sharing Slices of Confidential Data on BlockchainClaudio Di Ciccio
Presented at the CAiSE 2024 Forum, Intelligent Information Systems, June 6th, Limassol, Cyprus.
Synopsis: Cooperative information systems typically involve various entities in a collaborative process within a distributed environment. Blockchain technology offers a mechanism for automating such processes, even when only partial trust exists among participants. The data stored on the blockchain is replicated across all nodes in the network, ensuring accessibility to all participants. While this aspect facilitates traceability, integrity, and persistence, it poses challenges for adopting public blockchains in enterprise settings due to confidentiality issues. In this paper, we present a software tool named Control Access via Key Encryption (CAKE), designed to ensure data confidentiality in scenarios involving public blockchains. After outlining its core components and functionalities, we showcase the application of CAKE in the context of a real-world cyber-security project within the logistics domain.
Paper: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61000-4_16
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
I42035364
1. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Analysis Based On Ansys of PCC Deep Beams with Openings
Strengthened With CFRP
Dr G.N. Ronghe1, Tanvin Singh2, Rajiv K .Gupta3, Gaurav Kumar4
1
. Professor, Visvesvaraya national institute of technology, Department of Applied mechanics, Nagpur, 440010,
India
2
. Graduate student, Visvesvaraya national institute of technology, Department of Civil engineering, Nagpur,
440010, India
3
. Graduate student, Visvesvaraya national institute of technology, Department of Civil engineering, Nagpur,
440010, India
4
. Graduate student, Visvesvaraya national institute of technology, Department of Civil engineering, Nagpur,
440010, India
ABSTRACT
Reinforced concrete deep beams have wide range of applications and are used in gigantic structures to bear
heavy loads. An opening in the deep beam decreases the load carrying capacity and reduces its serviceability. A
PCC (plain cement concrete) deep beam with dimension 8000*5000*800mm (L*D*B) is modelled and analysed
in ANSYS under uniform loading and simply supported conditions. The position of the circular hole with single
and double opening is varied longitudinally and over the depth of the beam. The same beam is then analysed in
ANSYS before and after assigning the CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced plastics) laminates along the inner surface
of the opening. Stress in horizontal direction is studied in element below the CFRP laminate keeping loading
condition, element type, and material properties constant. Thus the strength of the deep beam is a function of
CFRP laminates as well as position of circular hole.
KEYWORDS: Composite laminates; Deep beams; ANSYS
I. INTRODUCTION
In today’s modernistic and innovative world
with continually increasing demands of community,
burgeoning of big industries is inevitable. There are
hardly any prominent industries that don’t engage
Deep beams in their construction and thus the focus
has shifted on deep beams rather than traditional
ones. In most of the gigantic industries, the load
predicted during design is ought to augment after a
few years when the production capacity of the
industry is to be increased. This extra load cannot be
resisted by the designed deep beam and thus extra
reinforcement is to be provided to the existing deep
beam to resist these increased loads. Internal
reinforcement cannot be provided at this stage and
thus external reinforcement if possible is best suited
option. Water supply systems also adopt deep beams
but with openings to allow the passage of pipelines
through them. Even in industries, openings are to be
provided in deep beams for the passage of electrical
cables, etc. through them and therefore study of deep
beams with openings is very crucial.
If the opening is to be provided during the
casting phase of concrete, then adequate steel
reinforcement to provide the needed stability can be
provided in the initial phase itself but in most of the
cases openings are needed after the deep beam has
www.ijera.com
been already casted. In such cases, provision of
openings to carry heavy loads through them
augments the stresses in the periphery of the opening
considerably and poses the risk of failure of deep
beam due to crack formation. For such a case, Carbon
Fibre Reinforced Plastic [CFRP] wrapping can be
provided along the surface area of the opening which
would reduce the stresses along its periphery
considerably, thus providing stability to the deep
beam and reducing the probability of failure
considerably.
FRP( Fibre reinforced polymer) is a polymer
matrix either thermoset or thermoplastic, that is
reinforced with a fibre or other reinforcing material
with a sufficient aspect ratio to provide a discernible
reinforcing function in one or more directions. Thus
FRP can be used as an excellent strengthening
material. Ibrahim and Mahmood [1] proposed that
FRP reinforcement shifts the behaviour of RC beam
from shear failure to flexure failure at mid span and
also CFRP is more efficient than GFRP (Glass fibre
reinforced plastic) in strengthening for shear. Sahoo
and Chao [2] experimentally showed that SFRC
(Steel fibre reinforced concrete) specimen has three
times greater strength than the RC specimen.
Vengatachalapathy and Ilangovan [3] proved that
web openings should be provided in the compression
53 | P a g e
2. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
zone and also steel fibre augments the tensile strength
and flexure rigidity of the deep beam. Nasir shafiq et
al. [4] experimentally proved that CFRP augments
the strength and reduces the deflection considerably
as compared to additional steel bars. Though, the
effect of FRP laminates as an efficient strengthening
material has been studied by bonding them externally
around the traditional beam as reported by Ibrahim
and mahmood [1]. However, effect of FRP laminates
wrapped along the surface area of circular opening
for deep beam has not been studied yet.
The current study therefore focuses at the
analysis of deep beams in ANSYS after the
application of CFRP laminates along the surface area
of openings. Deep beam with opening(s) at different
locations is modelled and then analyzed. The specific
objectives of the study are : (1) to observe stresses &
deflection in deep beams after applying CFRP
laminates along the surface of openings (2) to
compare elemental stresses & deflection with and
without CFRP wrapping (3) to suggest optimum
location & size of an opening(s) for given loading &
support conditions.
II. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING IN
ANSYS:
The finite element modelling starts with the
simulation of a model with the same conditions as
that of the real life structure. The following properties
were adopted while modelling our model of the deep
beam:
2.1 Element type:
SOLID 185 element type is used in our
model. This element type has 8 nodes with three
degrees of freedom at each node – translations in the
nodal x, y and z directions. This element has special
cracking and crushing capabilities. The most
important aspect of this element is the treatment of
non linear material properties. This element type was
selected due to its capability of being modelled even
for materials with orthogonal properties i.e. FRP
layer.
CONCRETE 65 (SOLID 65) is generally
adopted for modelling concrete sections but it is not
capable of being modelled with materials having
orthogonal properties i.e. FRP layer. SOLID 185 has
the basic shape and properties same as the SOLID 65
element as but with a few more advantages than
SOLID 65. Thus SOLID 185 can be comfortably
adopted with our model and also the results obtained
from both were compared and negligible change in
values was observed. A schematic of SOLID 185 is
shown in the figure [1]:
The material properties used in the model
are enumerated below:
www.ijera.com
www.ijera.com
Concrete (M-20 grade):
Modulus of elasticity = 22361N/mm2
Concrete Poisson’s ratio(v) = 0.18
CFRP properties
Modulus of elasticity in X direction(EX ) =
300000 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity in Y direction(EY )= 6500
N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity in Z direction(EZ )= 6500
N/mm2
Modulus of rigidity in XY direction(GXY )= 4500
N/mm2
Modulus of rigidity in YZ direction(GYZ )= 4500
N/mm2
Modulus of rigidity in XZ direction(GXZ )= 4500
N/mm2
Dimensions of deep beam: 8000*5000*800
mm is shown in figure [2]
Thickness of CFRP layer = 20 mm
Simply supported condition and Uniform loading = 7
N/mm2
Size of mesh element = 80 mm
Number of sub-steps = 1
Type of analysis: Static linear
The different cases on which the effect of FRP has
been studied are:
1. Single circular hole at L/2 from side and D/3
depth from top.
2. Single circular hole at L/2 from side and D/4
depth from top.
3. Single circular hole at L/3 from side and D/3
depth from top.
4. Two circular holes at L/3 from each side and D/3
depth from top.
5. Two circular holes at L/4 from each side and D/3
depth from top.
2.2 PARAMETRIC STUDY
L/D ratio: - The L/D ratio was varied from 1
to 1.9. The deflection pattern varies a lot within this
range. In the first case, the zone of maximum
deflection was concentrated in the upper portion of
the beam while in the last case it is throughout the
middle portion of the beam and has covered the
bottom central band over there. In all other cases, the
zone of maximum deflection was in transition state of
reaching till the bottom of base as shown in figure
[3].
Whereas on the other hand, the stresses do
not change considerably for corresponding change in
L/D ratio and hence an optimum ratio for making the
provision of openings in it as illustrated in figure [4]
was adopted. A graph between maximum deflection
& the corresponding L/D ratio was drawn and based
on the minimum deflection, X stress, Y deflection
54 | P a g e
3. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
patterns; optimum ratio of 1.6 was taken for the
analysis in ANSYS.
2.2.1 Change of opening position horizontally:Single Circular Hole: - Two different
horizontal locations of a single circular hole at L/3 &
L/2 were considered over the depth of D/3 from top.
When stress patterns for 900mm opening size were
compared at both positions, the L/3 case showed
lesser stresses at the top of circular opening as
compared to L/2 case. Similarly, the maximum
deflection was more concentrated at the top middle
portion of hole in L/2 case than that in L/3 case
which is illustrated in figure [5]. Therefore, L/3 is
more preferable.
Double Circular hole: - Two circular holes
at two different positions L/4 & L/3 respectively
from each side were considered over the depth of D/3
from top. The L/4 case showed stresses of higher
magnitude than the L/3 case, where lesser stresses
were concentrated in most part of beam. The
deflection patterns for both the cases were nearly the
same and thus based on stresses developed only as
shown in figure [6] , the L/3 case is better than L/4
case.
2.2.2 Change of opening position vertically:A single circular hole at L/2 was taken at
D/3 & D/4 vertical positions respectively. D/4 case
showed higher stress band development at the top of
opening. The maximum deflection is concentrated
only at the top middle portion of hole in D/4 case
whereas the change in deflection is very less
throughout the depth of beam in D/3 case as
illustrated in figure [7] . So hole at D/4 is more
susceptible to cracks than hole at D/3.
Similarly after applying CFRP laminates the
observation is that for 2 circular holes at L/4 from
each end and D/3 from top the reduction in stress is
insignificant at opening area ratio 0.01 and also for 2
circular holes at L/3 from each end and D/3 from top.
At different opening position the stress induced is in
the close range 2.75-3.75 to 4.2- 4.75 N/mm2.
IV. CONCLUSION
It is always advisable to keep the opening
radius as small as possible so that it fulfils the
engineering application purpose and also the stress
and deflection well within limit around the opening
periphery. For opening area ratio up to 0.04 it is
highly recommended to use 1 circular hole at L/3 and
D/3 from top and also for greater than 0.04 opening
ratio 2 circular hole at L/4 from each and D/3 from
top. For opening area ratio 0.09 it is least
recommended for any position of opening in deep
beam as stress and max deflection is concentrated
above the opening. CFRP has proved advantageous
as stresses & deflection was considerably reduced for
each element.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge gratitude to Dr.
S.V. Bakre, Asso. Prof. A.Y Vyavahare Visvesvaraya
national institute of technology, India for his
invaluable guidance, support and encouragement
throughout the project phase. However, views and
opinions expressed in this paper are those of the
authors alone and not of any agencies.
LIST OF REFERENCES
[1]
III. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
X stress opening area ratio curves
The x stress curves obtained after analysis of
deep beams in ANSYS with respect to opening area
ratio (Area of opening/Surface area of deep beam) are
illustrated in figure [8] and figure [9]. Prior to
application of CFRP laminates it is observed that 1
circular hole at L/3 and D/3 from top stress has
uniformly increasing with augment in radius
(300mm- 1100mm). Whereas 2 circular hole at L/4
from each end and D/3 from top has high stresses for
the small opening ratio and low stress as compared to
above case.1 circular hole at L/2 and D/3 from top
has relatively high stress as compared to all the cases
for the opening area ratio 0.07 and low stress for the
> 0.07 opening ratio. 2 circular holes at L/3 from
each end and D/3 from top have high stress for the
opening area ratio 0.09 than all other position of hole.
www.ijera.com
www.ijera.com
[2]
[3]
[4]
Amer M. Ibrahim, Mohammed Sh.
Mahmood, “finite element modelling of
reinforced concrete beams strengthened
with FRP laminates”, European Journal of
Scientific Research, vol -30. No-4, 2009,
pp526-541
D. R. Sahoo, S.H. Chao, “Use of Steel Fibre
Reinforced
Concrete
for
Enhanced
Performance of Deep Beams with Large
Openings”, American society of civil
engineering, 2010 structure congress.
pp1981-1991
Vengatachalapathy.V,
Ilangovan.R, “A
Study on Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Deep Beams With and without Openings”,
international journal of civil and structural
engineering, volume 1, no 3, 2010, pp 509517.
Huaxin Liu, Zhong Bi, Jin Zhang, “Bearing
Performance Analysis Based on ANSYS of
Deep Beams with Opening”, IEEE 2011,
pp4344-4347
55 | P a g e
4. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
[5]
Jingyu liu , Huaxin liu, “bearing
performance analysis based on ANSYS of
continuous deep beam with openings,”
www.ijera.com
journal of applied mechanics and materials,
2012, vol 130-134, pp 1617-1620
FIGURES
Fig 1. A schematic of SOLID 185 element
Fig 2. A schematic model in ANSYS showing uniform loading condition and simply supported condition
www.ijera.com
56 | P a g e
5. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
L/D=1.6
www.ijera.com
L/D=1.7
L/D=1.8
L/D=1.9
Fig 3 Diagram showing maximum deflection (mm) for L/D 1.6 to 1.9
www.ijera.com
57 | P a g e
6. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Fig 4. Graph plotted L/D vs. deflection
X Stress(N/mm²)
www.ijera.com
58 | P a g e
7. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Y Deflection(mm)
a)
1 Circular Hole 800mm at L/2 & D/3
b) 1 Circular Hole 800mm at L/3 & D/3
Fig 5. Stresses in X direction & Y Deflection
X Stress(N/mm²)
www.ijera.com
59 | P a g e
8. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Y Deflection(mm)
a)2 Circular Holes each 566mm at L/3 & D/3 b) 2 Circular Holes each 566mm at L/4 & D/3
Fig 6. Stresses in X direction & Y deflection
X Stress(N/mm²)
www.ijera.com
60 | P a g e
9. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Y Deflection(mm)
a)1 Circular Hole 800mm at L/2 & D/4
b)1 Circular Hole 800mm at L/2 & D/3
Fig7. Stresses in X direction & Y deflection
Fig 8. Graph plotted x stress vs opening area ratio without using CFRP laminates.
www.ijera.com
61 | P a g e
10. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Fig 9. Graph plotted x stress vs opening area ratio with using CFRP laminates
TABLES
Table 1. Comparison of two circular holes at L/4 from each end and depth D/3 from top, with and without using
CFRP
2 Circular holes at L/4 & D/3
Without CFRP
With CFRP
Max
(N/mm²)
7.339
Min
(N/mm²)
6.791
Avg
(N/mm²)
7.065
Max
(N/mm²)
6.204
Min
(N/mm²)
5.537
Avg
(N/mm²)
5.8705
Radius
(mm)
212
7.158
6.72
6.939
5.034
2.067
3.5505
283
0.0125664
7.48
6.98
7.23
4.847
1.917
3.382
353
0.019635
7.032
6.55
6.791
4.764
1.94
3.352
424
0.0282744
7.338
6.909
7.1235
4.955
2.117
3.536
495
0.0384846
7.598
7.021
7.3095
4.851
2.064
3.4575
566
0.0502656
8.234
7.631
7.9325
4.892
2.188
3.54
636
0.0636174
8.903
8.163
8.533
5.088
2.416
3.752
707
0.07854
9.38
8.515
8.9475
5.539
2.678
4.1085
778
0.0950334
www.ijera.com
Area ratio
0.0070686
62 | P a g e
11. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Table 2. Comparison of two circular holes at L/3 from each end and depth D/3 from top, with and without using
CFRP
2 Circular holes at L/3 & D/3
Without CFRP
With CFRP
Max
(N/mm²)
9.265
Min
(N/mm²)
6.864
Avg
(N/mm²)
8.0645
Max
(N/mm²)
5.035
Min
(N/mm²)
2.672
Avg
(N/mm²)
3.8535
Radius
(mm)
300
Area ratio
9.269
7.178
8.2235
5.12
2.612
3.866
400
0.012566
9.729
7.58
8.6545
5.329
2.885
4.107
500
0.019635
9.83
8.29
9.06
5.547
2.746
4.1465
600
0.028274
10.02
8.922
9.471
5.57
3.14
4.355
700
0.038485
10.401
9.205
9.803
5.801
2.645
4.223
800
0.050266
11.18
10.04
10.61
6.272
3
4.636
900
0.063617
11.57
10.37
10.97
6.132
3.117
4.6245
1000
0.07854
12.47
11.82
12.145
7.581
4.792
6.1865
1100
0.095033
0.007069
Table 3. Comparison of single circular hole at L/2 from end and depth D/3 from top, with and without using
CFRP
Single Circular hole at L/2 & D/3
Without CFRP
With CFRP
Max
(N/mm²)
9.11
Min
(N/mm²)
7.92
Avg
(N/mm²)
8.515
Max
(N/mm²)
5.304
Min
(N/mm²)
2.115
Avg
(N/mm²)
3.7095
Radius
(mm)
300
Area
ratio
0.007069
9.603
8.533
9.068
5.253
2.56
3.9065
400
0.012566
9.944
8.728
9.336
5.495
2.573
4.034
500
0.019635
10.277
8.912
9.5945
5.726
2.933
4.3295
600
0.028274
10.824
9.524
10.174
5.51
2.933
4.2215
700
0.038485
11.082
9.574
10.328
5.895
3.35
4.6225
800
0.050266
11.394
9.851
10.6225
6.021
3.612
4.8165
900
0.063617
11.448
10.15
10.799
5.885
3.704
4.7945
1000
0.07854
11.718
10.187
10.9525
5.948
3.898
4.923
1100
0.095033
www.ijera.com
63 | P a g e
12. Rajiv K .Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 3), February 2014, pp.53-64
www.ijera.com
Table 4. Comparison of single circular hole at L/2 from end and depth D/4 from top, with and without using
CFRP
Single Circular hole at L/2 & D/4
Without CFRP
Max
(N/mm²)
Min
(N/mm²)
8.609
7.691
8.948
With CFRP
Avg
(N/mm²)
Max
(N/mm²)
Min
(N/mm²)
Avg
(N/mm²)
Radius
(mm)
Area ratio
8.15
5.307
2.114
3.7105
300
0.007069
7.845
8.3965
5.582
2.396
3.989
400
0.012566
9.255
8.15
8.7025
5.564
2.618
4.091
500
0.019635
9.677
8.617
9.147
5.524
2.718
4.121
600
0.028274
10.016
8.836
9.426
5.694
3
4.347
700
0.038485
10.373
9.168
9.7705
5.745
3.202
4.4735
800
0.050266
10.74
9.6
10.17
5.625
3.311
4.468
900
0.063617
11.07
10.14
10.605
5.238
3.287
4.2625
1000
0.07854
11.116
10.137
10.6265
5.231
3.406
4.3185
1100
0.095033
Table 5. Comparison of single circular hole at L/3 from end and depth D/3 from top, with and without using
CFRP
Single Circular Hole at L/3 & D/3
Without CFRP
With CFRP
Max
(N/mm²)
5.096
Min
(N/mm²)
4.786
Avg
(N/mm²)
4.941
Max
(N/mm²)
3.913
Min
(N/mm²)
1.335
Avg
(N/mm²)
2.624
Radius
(mm)
300
Area ratio
5.79
5.27
5.53
3.875
1.526
2.7005
400
0.012566
6.394
5.765
6.0795
4.173
1.928
3.0505
500
0.019635
6.983
6.346
6.6645
4.364
2.215
3.2895
600
0.028274
7.58
6.758
7.169
4.608
2.502
3.555
700
0.038485
8.185
7.253
7.719
4.535
2.631
3.583
800
0.050266
8.808
7.774
8.291
4.955
3.012
3.9835
900
0.063617
9.478
8.34
8.909
5.081
3.245
4.163
1000
0.07854
10.114
8.893
9.5035
5.273
3.533
4.403
1100
0.095033
0.007069
Table 6. Approximate reduction in stresses after applying CFRP laminates.
Cases
Reduction in stress(approx.)
1 circular hole at L/2 & D/3 from top
56.3%
1 circular hole at L/2 & D/4 from top
54.6%
1 circular hole at L/3 from one end & D/3
from top
2 circular hole at L/3 from each end & D/3
from top
2 circular hole at L/4 from each end & D/3
from top
42.8%
www.ijera.com
46.6%
49.2%
64 | P a g e