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I2
This document provides an overview of key concepts for expressing past time and tense in English, including: - The simple past tense is used to express actions or situations that began and ended completely in the past. Examples of its forms are given for regular and irregular verbs. - The past progressive expresses actions that were ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past. It uses the past tense of "be" plus the present participle verb form ending in "-ing." - Time clauses beginning with words like "after," "before," "until," "as soon as," "while," and "when" can be used to express the sequence or timing of past events. The time clause is usually followed
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I2
- 2. Preview 2-1 Expressing pasttime: the simple past 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs 2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-5 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-8 The simple past and the past progressive 2-9 Forms of the past progressive 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-11 Expressing past habit: used to CONTENTS
- 3. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Aladarides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
- 4. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Aladarides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE
- 5. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Aladarides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE
- 6. 2-1 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2007.
- 7. 2-1 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday. THE SIMPLE PAST
- 8. activities or situations SIMPLEPAST began and ended in past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday. THE SIMPLE PAST
- 9. watch 2-1 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST +ed = watched answer +ed = answered
- 10. 2-1 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. THE SIMPLE PAST
- 11. 2-1 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST Irregular past: sleep slept understand understood eat ate
- 12. Simple past formsof be was and were 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month. THE SIMPLE PAST
- 13. We started schoollast week. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
- 14. 2-2 FORMS OFTHE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week.
- 15. 2-2 FORMS OFTHE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week. I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week.
- 16. 2-2 FORMS OFTHE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they did.Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t.No,
- 17. 2-3 FORMS OFTHE SIMPLE PAST: BE She was sick last Monday.
- 18. STATEMENT 2-3 FORMS OFTHE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week.
- 19. STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-She-He-It wasnot home last week. 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. We-You-They were not home last week.
- 20. QUESTION I-she-he-it home lastweek?Was 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE we-you-they home last week?Were SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it was. we-you-they were. Yes, Yes, I-she-he-it- wasn’t. we-you-they weren’t. No, No,
- 21. They _______ atthe movies last night at 8:00. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00. weren’t were is They were at the movies last night at 8:00.? ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
- 22. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3Let’s Practice This airplane was made in 1625. This airplane ______ made in 1625. This airplane ___ made in 1943. wasn’t was ? 1943 is ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
- 23. ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: 2-1,2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. didn’t get got NEGATIVE STATEMENT: get ?
- 24. 2-4 REGULAR VERBS:PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS talk/t/ She talked to me for an hour.
- 25. voiceless sound +-ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: k /k/ /p/ pp , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
- 26. /k/ /s/ /ch//sh/, voiceless sound + -ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: /p/ ss ch sh , , , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
- 27. voiced sound +-ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: ll /l/ /n/ n , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
- 28. voiced sound +-ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ v /b/ bb all vowel sounds y , , , , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
- 29. “t” or “d”+ -ed / d/ (c) waited = wait / d/ needed = need / d/ t d e e e 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS
- 30. 2-4 Let’s Practice behave__1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e ?
- 31. 2-4 Let’s Practice behave__1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e /d/
- 32. 2-4 Let’s Practice plant___?1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
- 33. plant___ 2-4 Let’s Practice /d/ e 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
- 34. We are learningto speak English. 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
- 35. smiledsmilingsmile hopedhoping 2-5 SPELLING OF–ING AND –ED FORMS -ing form: drop -e, add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO -ed form: add -d hope (a)
- 36. learnlearning helpinghelphelped learned 2-5 SPELLING OF–ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Consonants NO add -ed (b) Two consonants
- 37. heatheatingheated rainedrainingrain 2-5 SPELLING OF–ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Vowels + One Consonant NO add -ed (c) Two vowels + one consonant
- 38. planningplanned stopping plan stoppedstop 2-5 SPELLING OF–ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (d) ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS Double the consonant and
- 39. visit offeringoffered visiting offer visited 2-5 SPELLING OF–ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant NO add -ed (e) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS First syllable stressed
- 40. preferredprefer admitting admitted preferring admit 2-5 SPELLINGOF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (f) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS Second syllable stressed, double the consonant
- 41. playedplay enjoying enjoyed playing enjoy 2-5 SPELLINGOF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO keep the -y (g) vowel + -y -y
- 42. worriedworry studying studied worrying study 2-5 SPELLINGOF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO -y + -ing (h) consonant + -y -y -i + -ed-y
- 43. dieddie tying tied dying tie 2-5 SPELLINGOF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB -y + -ing (i) -ie -ie add -d
- 44. 2-5 Let’s Practice -INGform ________ rain -ED form ________ raining rained
- 45. 2-5 Let’s Practice -INGform _________ study -ED form _________ studying studied
- 46. 2-5 Let’s Practice -INGform _____ lie -ED form _____ lying lied Please don’t lie to me!
- 47. They became friends. 2-6THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
- 48. 2-6 THE PRINCIPALPARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finish hope try Simple Form No final –s, –ed, or –ing see sing go
- 49. 2-6 THE PRINCIPALPARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Simple Past –ed for regular verbs saw sang went
- 50. 2-6 THE PRINCIPALPARTS OF A VERB PAST PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Past Participle –ed for regular verbs seen sung gone perfect tenses & passive
- 51. 2-6 THE PRINCIPALPARTS OF A VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finishing hoping trying Present Participle –ing for all verbs seeing singing going used with progressive tenses
- 52. Somebody spent allmy money. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
- 53. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS:A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: awake SIMPLE PAST: awoke PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken
- 54. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS:A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: forget SIMPLE PAST: forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
- 55. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS:A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: shave SIMPLE PAST: shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven
- 56. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS:A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: throw SIMPLE PAST: threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown
- 57. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLEFORM: give SIMPLE PAST: _____gave PAST PARTICIPLE: _____given
- 58. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLEFORM: sit SIMPLE PAST: ___sat PAST PARTICIPLE: ___sat
- 59. 2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLEFORM: think SIMPLE PAST: _______thought PAST PARTICIPLE: _______thought
- 60. He ran towork yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
- 61. 2-8 THE SIMPLEPAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past
- 62. 2-8 THE SIMPLEPAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by. (d) They were eating when I got home. in progress was/were + -ing XX
- 63. 2-8 THE SIMPLEPAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running. when = at that time while = during that time XX
- 64. He wasn’t studying. 2-9FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
- 65. was not talking. wasn’ttalking. NEGATIVE STATEMENT I-She-He-It 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE was talking. You-We-They were talking. I-She-He-It You-We-They were not talking. weren’t talking.
- 66. QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it talking?Was Yes, No, 2-9 FORMSOF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE you-we-they talking?Were I-she-he-it was. I-she-he-it wasn’t. Yes, No, you-we-they were. you-we-they weren’t.
- 67. 2-9 Let’s Practice Yesterday,the camels ___________ in the desert. walk were walking
- 68. 2-9 Let’s Practice At8:00, we began to work. At 8:30, we ____________. work were working
- 69. 2-9 Let’s Practice Spot__________ at Mac. Mac _____________ at Spot. was looking look wasn’t looking SpotMac
- 70. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer.
- 71. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (a) time clause main clause time clause main clause time clausemain clause
- 72. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (b) main clause time clause time clause main clause time clausemain clause
- 73. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised. (d) Before I took a shower, I exercised. after before until as soon as while when subject and verb a time clause + =
- 74. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised I took a shower. (f) I exercised, I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after until As soon as
- 75. main clause +comma + time clause When Mary came home, I was studying. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home I was studying. (h) while time clause + comma + main clause
- 76. 2-10 EXPRESSING PASTTIME: USING TIME CLAUSES First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. when allows simple past in both clauses
- 77. two actions atthe same time past progressive okay in both 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf.
- 78. 2-10 Let’s Practice Whilewe ___________, our children ____________ school. attend work were working were attending
- 79. 2-10 Let’s Practice Lynn_________ while she __________ a book. fall asleep was reading read fell asleep
- 80. 2-10 Let’s Practice First:I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away ________________ after ______________.I went shoppingI put the food away
- 81. 2-11 EXPRESSING PASTHABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.
- 82. 2-11 EXPRESSING PASTHABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesn’t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb
- 83. 2-11 EXPRESSING PASTHABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? (OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to (OR did + subject + use to)
- 84. 2-11 EXPRESSING PASTHABIT: USED TO (e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common.
- 85. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Thechildren used to swam in the ocean.
- 86. The children usedto swim in the ocean.The children used to swam in the ocean. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? No
- 87. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Wereyou used to ask questions in school?
- 88. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Wereyou used to ask questions in school? No Did you used to ask questions in school?
- 89. Images used underlicense from: • Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart, Inc. PHOTO CREDITS Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.