Hypovolemic shock
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Shock is defined as inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and cells. It occurs in 2% of hospitalized patients and mortality depends on the underlying cause. Pathophysiology involves reduced blood flow from decreased circulating volume or cardiac dysfunction. Stages include initial compensated shock progressing to decompensated irreversible shock. Types are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive, and septic shock. General signs are hypotension, tachycardia, coldness, rapid breathing, and organ dysfunction. Hypovolemic shock results from blood or fluid loss which decreases venous return and cardiac output. Risk factors include trauma, bleeding, burns, and dehydration. Treatment focuses on fluid res
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3. Shock is classified based on its underlying cause as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, or endocrine. Resuscitation priorities include addressing hypovolaemia with intravenous fluids before considering further treatment.
The complication of shock with classification
This document contains lecture notes on circulatory shock. It defines shock as a state where there is widespread and serious reduction in tissue perfusion that can lead to impaired cellular function if prolonged. The document classifies and describes the causes, symptoms, and pathophysiology of different types of shock including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic), and discusses the body's compensatory mechanisms during shock like activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system. It outlines the progression from cellular hypoxia to organ dysfunction and failure if shock is not corrected.
SHOCK
This seminar covers different types of shock including definitions, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. The main types discussed are hypovolaemic shock, traumatic shock, cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock, septic shock, and crush syndrome. Hypovolaemic shock is the most common and results from sudden loss of blood or fluid volume. Treatment focuses on fluid resuscitation and controlling bleeding. Septic shock has a high mortality and is usually caused by gram-negative bacteria. Crush syndrome occurs after body portions are compressed by heavy weights.
MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK.pptx
Shock is defined as a condition where the circulatory system cannot provide adequate circulation to vital organs due to low blood pressure. There are several types of shock including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic shock. The pathophysiology of shock involves low cardiac output, vasoconstriction, and eventual organ failure if not treated. Management of shock focuses on treating the underlying cause, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors or inotropes, antibiotics for septic shock, and monitoring for signs of adequacy of resuscitation such as improving vital signs and urine output.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A 17-year-old male basketball player collapsed during practice and suffered cardiac arrest. An autopsy later revealed he had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic heart condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. HCM is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. The patient had previously noticed some shortness of breath with exertion but it did not limit his activity. He was found to have a heart murmur as a child but it was never investigated. HCM causes the left ventricle to become thickened and stiff, which can obstruct blood flow out of the heart and cause heart failure, chest pain, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
Shock
1. The document discusses pediatric shock, including its definition, types, pathophysiology, signs, investigations, and management.
2. The main types of shock discussed are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive, and septic shock.
3. Management of shock involves rapid recognition and resuscitation through fluid administration, vasopressors, and addressing metabolic abnormalities to restore adequate tissue perfusion.
SHOCK Assignment.pptx
Critical Care Nurse Student | Assistant Clinical Researcher | Chairperson National Nurses of Kenya-Siaya Branch | Mentor | SRHR & Boys Advocate.
Young and energetic healthcare professional with a strong belief in the basic tenets of human development and quality of life. My key qualities include integrity, hardworking, team player and keenness to achieve results.
Shock
1. The document discusses different types of shock including hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic shock.
2. Hypovolaemic shock is due to diminished blood volume from blood or fluid loss. Cardiogenic shock is caused by inefficient myocardial function. Neurogenic shock is caused by loss of sympathetic tone leading to vasodilation.
3. Anaphylactic shock occurs due to an allergic reaction causing histamine release and widespread vasodilation.
sepsis
A 73-year-old woman presented with symptoms of weakness, cough, and fever. On examination, she was somnolent with a low-grade fever, rapid heart rate and breathing, low blood pressure, and crackles in her right lung. Based on her symptoms and exam findings meeting two SIRS criteria, the most likely diagnosis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to a potential infection such as pneumonia. Sepsis occurs when SIRS is caused by a confirmed or suspected infection and can progress to septic shock, organ dysfunction, and death if not properly treated.
Shock .pptx
Shock is a life-threatening condition where tissues do not receive adequate oxygen due to low blood flow. There are three stages of shock: compensatory, progressive, and refractory. Shock can be classified as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, or septic depending on the cause. Treatment focuses on restoring adequate circulation through fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, or inotropes while also treating the underlying cause of shock.
2 shock 1
Shock is defined as failure to meet the metabolic demands of tissues due to decreased systemic tissue perfusion. There are several stages and types of shock. The pathophysiology involves cellular hypoxia leading to metabolic acidosis, endothelial injury, and organ dysfunction. Management involves addressing airway, breathing, circulation, and the underlying cause of shock. Fluid resuscitation is initially used but vasopressors may be needed. Complications can include acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure if shock is not promptly recognized and treated.
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Hypovolemic shock
- 1. الرحیم الرحمن بسم عامه صحت وزارت تخصص اکمال ریاست وانکشاف آموزش آمریت صدری جراحی دیپارتمنت Supervised By Sp.Dr.Rahmani Prepared by Dr.Anush Shock
- 2. Shock•Objective : • 1.Defination • 2.epidimology • 3.pathophysiology • 4.stage of shock • 5.type of shock • 6.general clinical future • 7.hypovolemic shock
- 3. quastions • Shcok indix : pr/sbp • Cardiac indix: • Monify indix shock:main art pressure /sbp
- 4. Definition of shock • Shock defined as inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to maintain normal tissue and cellular function. (Schwartz)
- 5. Epidemiology • Shock occurs in 2% of all hospitalized patients in USA . • Death usually occur due to complications rather than during hypotensive phase. • Mortality in septic shock as low as 3% in previously health children and 6-9% in children with chronic illness .
- 6. Pathophysiology of shock • Hypovolemic shock effective circulating blood volume • Hemorrhage • Truma venous return to heart • Surgery cardiac output • Burns blood flow • Dehydration supply of oxygen • Septic shock Anoxia • Cardiogenic shock shock
- 7. Stages of shock Non=progressive (Initial, Compensated reversible )Shock Progressive Decompensated shock Decompensated (Irreversible)Shock
- 9. Type Of Shock Hypovolemic shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock (tension pneumothorax ,cardiac tamponed ) Obstructive shock Septic shock
- 10. General clinical features • Hypotension (SBP <100mmhg) • Tachycardia>100/min • Cold • Rapid, Shallow respiration • Drowsiness,confusion,irritability • Oliguria(urine output<30 ml/h • Multi organ failure
- 11. Hypovolemic shock •Definition: • Is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body . This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working .
- 12. Pathophysiology Hemorrhage from small venules and veins (50%) Decreased filling of right heart Decreased filling of pulmonary vasculature Decreased filling of left atrium and ventricle Left ventricular stroke volume decreases Drop in atrial blood pressure and tachycardia Poor perfusion to pulmonary arteries Cardiac depression and pump failure
- 13. Risk factors for hypovolemic shock
- 14. Classification of hypovolemic shock Hemorrhagic : Truma Gastrointestinal Bleeding Non Hemorrhagic : oExternal fluid loss oDiarrhea oVomiting oPolyuria o burns oAnaphylaxis
- 15. Classification of acute blood loss
- 16. Compensatory Mechanisms 1. Adrenergic discharge 2. Hyperventilation 3. Vasoactive hormones (angiotensin , vasopressin , epinephrine ) 4. Re-absorption of fluid from interstitial tissue 5. Resorption of fluid from intercellular to extracellular space 6. Renal conservation of body water and electrolyte.
- 17. Signs and symptoms Restlessness Hypotension Cool Rapid and shallow respiration Hypothermia Thirst and dry mouth Distracted look in the eye
- 18. Clinical monitoring Blood pressure Respiration Urine output ECG Swan-Ganz Catheter Cardiac output Venous oxygen level Vascular pressure
- 19. Diagnosis • Evaluation (agitation, cold Ext,tachycardia,hypotention)(25-30%B.Loss) • Physical Exam: Ab,Chest ,Pelvic • Hemorrhage (external , intrathoracic , intra Ab, Introperitoneal and long bon fracture) . • Chest X-Ray • Pelvic radiography • Diagnostic ultrasound • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- 20. Management •objective : • A: Increase cardiac output • B: increase tissue perfusion The plan of action should be based on : A: primary problem (stop bleeding) B: Adequate fluid replacement c : blood transfusion (Hb= 7 to 9) d: improving myocardial contractility e: correcting acid-base disturbances
- 21. Cont.… Resuscitation Immediate control of bleeding (rest , pressure Peking and surgical methods)] Infusion of fluid is the fundamental treatment Crystalloids fluid Colloids fluid (after crystalloid) Drugs : 1.sedatives 2.chronotropic agent 3.inotropic agent
- 22. Thank you.