This document describes Hydranautics' Low Differential (LD) membrane technology, which aims to minimize costs from fouling. The key features of the LD technology include: 1. Enhanced membrane chemistry for increased chemical resistance and higher salt rejection. 2. An innovative spacer design that prevents small particles from being trapped to reduce fouling and differential pressure. 3. A proprietary vented seal carrier that prevents pressure shock damage during system startups. The benefits of the LD technology are longer membrane life through reduced cleaning needs, lower cleaning costs, increased productivity, improved water quality, and reduced operating costs due to lower fouling and differential pressure.

1. Low Differential (LD) Technology
Nitto Denko – Hydranautics
March2016
Slide 1

2. Hydranautics’ “LD” Technology
Minimizes
Your Costs
Due to
Fouling!
Slide 2

3. The LD Technology: Features
• For increased chemical resistance
1. Enhanced Membrane Chemistry
• To minimize trapping of small colloidal particles
2. Innovative Spacer Design
• To eliminate pressure shock damage during system startup
3. Proprietary Vented Seal Carrier
Slide 3

4. Longer
Membrane
Life
Reduced
Cleaning
Costs
Increased
Productivity
Improved
Permeate
Quality
LD Technology : Key Benefits
Slide 4

5. The LD Technology: Features
• For increased chemical resistance
1. Enhanced Membrane Chemistry
• To minimize trapping of small colloidal particles
2. Innovative Spacer Design
• To eliminate pressure shock damage during system startup
3. Proprietary Vented Seal Carrier
Slide 5

6. 1. Enhanced Membrane Chemistry
Evolved
Membrane
Chemistry
achieves the
highest salt
rejection on the
market
Our chemical
reaction control
technologies
realized higher
cross-linked
structure
Chemically more
robust to allow
cleaning from
pH 1 to 13
Slide 6

7. NaOH tolerance of the CPA5-LD
Testing Conditions:
• pH 12 NaOH soln.
• 3 hrs/soaking
• Temp 20o C
• NaCl Conc.: 2000 mg/l
• Pressure: 225 psi (1.55
MPa)
• Recovery: 15%
97
98
99
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Rej.RetentionRate(%)
Number of pH 12 NaOH Soaking
99.70%
~99.69%
Slide 7

8. The LD Technology : Core Products
CPA5 SWC5
ESPA2 LFC3
Slide 8

9. Salt Passage Analysis
3x Concentrated City Water : Single Element, pH=7, T= 25C, 15 gfd, 15% rec
0.0 0.0
0.9
0.7
0.0
0.6
2.7
0.5
0.1 0.1
1.3
1.5
0.1
1.2
5.0
0.6
0.0 0.0
1.4
1.7
0.1
0.8
4.0
0.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Ca Mg Na K SO4 Cl NO3 SiO2
IONS
SaltPassage(%)
CPA5
Competitor A
Competitor B
Slide 9

10. The LD Technology: Features
• For increased chemical resistance
1. Enhanced Membrane Chemistry
• To minimize trapping of small colloidal particles
2. Innovative Spacer Design
(Thicker Spacer with Modified Geometry)
• To eliminate pressure shock damage during system startup
3. Proprietary Vented Seal Carrier
Slide 10

11. 2. Improved Feed Spacer Design
 Thick spacer with modified geometry
 Same membrane surface area per element
Advantages :
• Lower Differential Pressure
• Lower Fouling Potential
• Improves the Effectiveness of Membrane Cleanings
• Improved Flux Distribution Between the Lead and Tail
Elements
Slide 11

12. Lower Differential Pressure for improved spacer
Slide 12
Brine Flow rate (m3/h)
DifferentialPressure(kPa)

13. Lower Fouling Potential
Slide 13
Innovative feed
spacer design
prevents
trapping of
small colloidal
particles
Chemically
enhanced to
prevent
biofouling
Improves the
Effectiveness of
Membrane
Cleanings
Improved Flux
Distribution
Between the
Lead and Tail
Elements
Filament Particle
Innovative Feed Feedspacer Conventional Feedspacer
A
Flow
A
Clearance A of 34mil is 20% wider than 28mil’s

14. Lower Fouling Potential
Slide 14
Particles
pass through
34mil spacer
Flow
Plugged flow
channel of
28mil spacer

15. Lower DP &Fouling Potential
Slide 15
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Operation Period (days)
Delta-Pressureof1ststage(bar)
CIP
CIP
CIP
CIPCIP
CIP
28 mil
31 mil
34 mil
Actual operational test data
•Feed: city water with SDI 4-5 (Max = 6)
•4 elements in a pressure vessel first stage
•28 mil, 31 mil, 34 mil

16. Improved Flux Distribution
Between the Lead and Tail Elements
Slide 16
CPA5 LD
Simulation condition:
･System productivity: 440 gpm (100m3/hr), 108 elements, 12∶6 vessel array
･Feed TDS: 1,000 mg/l , Temp 25℃, Recovery: 75%, flux: 25 lmh (14.7 gfd)

17. The LD Technology: Features
• For increased chemical resistance
1. Enhanced Membrane Chemistry
• To minimize trapping of small colloidal particles
2. Innovative Spacer Design
• To eliminate pressure shock damage during system startup
3. Proprietary Vented Seal Carrier
Slide 22

18. 3. New ATD Design
Slide 23
Prevents accidental pressure shocks to element shell !

19. New ATD Design
Slide 24
Possible to release air between element and vessel reduces
element burst risk

20. Pressure behavior in vessel
Slide 25
Vessel
High flow
3rdElement
Brine Seal
1stElement
ATD
Diff. Press. At
Outer shell
(internal > external)
Pin P1 P2
Residual Air
:Water
:Air
P in : Feed
P1 : Outer shell of 1st. Ele.
P2 : Outer shell of 2nd. Ele.

21. Pressure Profile After Start Up
Conventional New ATD
Slide 26
Pin: Feed
P1: Outer
shell of
1st. Ele.
P2: Outer
shell of
2nd. Ele.

22. Slide 27
Demonstration of start-up
LD technologyTM Company A

23. The LD Technology: Key Benefits
Longer Membrane Life
Slide 28
Larger
Feed
Spacer
Reduces the
foulant build
up in the
element
This reduces
the number
of cleanings
required to
maintain
performance
New
membrane
chemistry
Makes the
Membrane
more tolerant
to high pH
cleanings
This increases
the number of
cleanings that
can be
performed
without
degrading
performance
Less
frequent
cleanings
coupled with
the increased
pH tolerance
of the
membrane
dramatically
increase
membrane
life

24. Thank You
Slide 29