This document discusses hybrid electric vehicles. It describes three types of hybridization - mild, medium, and full - which differ in their electric motor capabilities and battery voltages. The basic components of hybrid vehicles are identified as the motor, inverter/converter, generator, battery, and engine. Three main hybrid vehicle configurations are described: series, parallel, and series-parallel. The advantages of hybrids are lower emissions and fuel consumption compared to gas-only vehicles, while the disadvantages include higher initial costs and maintenance requirements due to the battery systems.

1. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Why hybrid
• Types of hybridization
• Basic components of hybrid electric vehicles
• Types of hybrid electric vehicle
• Advantages and disadvantages

3. INTRODUCTION
• Any vehicle that combines 2 or more sources of power is said
to be hybrid. For example, a moped(a motorized pedal
bike),diesel-electric hybrid locomotives
• Relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion
engine which drives a generator to provide electricity and may
also drive a wheel.
• Alternative power unit to supply the power required by the
vehicle, to recharge the batteries, and to power accessories
like the air conditioner and heater

4. WHY HYBRID ???????
• As there is a constant rise in the fuel prices, it is a
must for us to look for alternatives such as hybrids.
• Hybrids have the optimum mileage in its class.
• Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.
• They produce much less emissions and use about
50% less fuel than the average new vehicle in the
same class(Partial-Zero emissions).

5. TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION
•Mild hybrid
•Medium hybrid
•Full hybrid….

6. MILD HYBRIDIZATION
• They feature idle-stop function
• Regenerative braking
• Are not capable of using the electric motor
to propel the vehicle
• These systems are usually 42 volts or less
5

7. MEDIUM HYBRIDIZATION
• They feature idle-stop function
• Regenerative braking
• Most are not capable of using the electric
motor alone to propel the vehicle
• The electric motor usually assists the engine
• Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts 6
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8. FULL HYBRIDIZATION
• They feature idle-stop function .
• Regenerative braking .
• Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle .
• The electric motor also assists the engine.
• Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts .

9. BASIC COMPONENTS IN HYBRID
VEHICLES
• Motor
• Inverter/converter
• Generator
• Battery
• Engine
• Synchronizer etc.

10. TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION
• Series
• Parallel
• Series parallel

11. SERIES HYBRID VEHICLE
• In a series hybrid, the electric motor is the only means of
providing power to the wheels.
• The motor receives electric power from either the battery pack or
from a generator run by a gasoline engine.
• Series hybrids perform at their best during stop-and-go traffic,
where gasoline and diesel engines are inefficient.
• The engine is typically smaller in a series drivetrain because it
only has to meet certain power demands; the battery pack is
generally more powerful.

13. PARALLEL HYBRID VEHICLE
• In vehicles with parallel hybrid drivetrains, the engine and electric motor work in
tandem to generate the power that drives the wheels.
• Parallel hybrids tend to use a smaller battery pack than series drivetrains,
relying on regenerative braking to keep it recharged.
• When power demands are low, parallel hybrids also utilize the motor as a
generator for supplemental recharging, much like an alternator in conventional
cars.
• When power demands are low, parallel hybrids also utilize the motor as a
generator for supplemental recharging, much like an alternator in conventional
cars.

15. SERIES PARALLEL HYBRID
VEHICLE
• Series/parallel drivetrains merge the advantages and complications of
the parallel and series drivetrains.
• By combining the two designs, the engine can both drive the wheels
directly (as in the parallel drivetrain), and be effectively disconnected,
with only the electric motor providing power (as in the series drivetrain).
• At lower speeds it operates more as a series vehicle, while at high
speeds, where the series drivetrain is less efficient, the engine takes
over and energy loss is minimized.
• This system incurs higher costs than a pure parallel hybrid since it
requires a generator, a larger battery pack, and more computing power
to control the dual system. Yet its efficiencies mean that the
series/parallel drivetrain can perform better—and use less fuel—than
either the series or parallel systems alone.

17. ADVANTAGE
• Environmentally Friendly
• Economical
• Less Fossil Fuel Dependent
• Regenerative Braking System
• Light Build
• Less Power
• Expensive to Purchase
• High Maintenance Cost
• High Voltage Batteries
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGES

18. SUBMITTED TO- SHRIKANT
SINGH SIR
Thank you
Submitted by- Rianchal jha
Ratti kunaal
Shivam Chauhan
Dhananjay gond
Nishant
Shrivastava