The document discusses energy efficiency and intelligent buildings. It notes that buildings consume over 40% of total energy in developed nations and that implementing efficiency measures in buildings could save significant amounts of energy. It envisions future buildings that require minimal energy for ideal comfort through highly insulating structures and efficient equipment. Such buildings would use intelligence and renewable energy sources to optimize energy usage and potentially produce their own energy or contribute excess power back to the grid. Realizing this vision will require innovative solutions for new and existing buildings as well as additional processing power and intelligence throughout building infrastructures.

1. Energy Efficiency and Intelligent
Buildings
CBA conference – Cambridge – May 2006
Jean-Christophe HUTT
Innovation & Technology for Energy Efficiency,
Services Division
Building a New Electric World
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2. Energy Efficiency, a rising concern
Generation capacities and grids
Huge investment ($16 trillion
worldwide) is needed involving an
increase in price of both gas and
electricity
Energy
Efficiency
Deregulation
Deregulation of both production and
supply of gas and electricity (while
transmission and distribution remain
regulated) implies to build new
business models significantly
different from traditional ones
Demand is booming
Because of the lack of electricity
generation capacity, peak prices
are becoming very high and
volatile
Natural resources (oil & gas)
are declining
In the consumption regions such
as Europe and North America,
energy sourcing is becoming
crucial and focuses major attention
of key energy players
Policy and environment
Kyoto protocol implementation
involves new constraints to be
integrated in today’s utility business
models
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 2

3. Energy Efficiency has implications along
the complete Energy value chain (1/2)
On the Supply Side
 Optimize T&D infrastructure
 Deploy efficient substation automation
 Upgrade to smart metering solutions
 Optimize quality and availability of supplied power
 Measure and improve delivered power quality
 Implement DG in frequently congested areas
 Influence demand consumption
 Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering
 Implement AMR
 Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption
data
 Establish DR/DSM programs
 Deploy modern IT infrastructure
 High speed telecoms infrastructure
 Modern Energy Information Systems
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 3

4. Energy Efficiency has implications along
the complete Energy value chain (2/2)
On the Demand Side
 Act on Users
 Educate people on efficient use of energy
 Act on business related procedures
 Act on loads
 Replace, renovate aging loads (lighting, motors, HVAC, …)
 Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives,
regulation systems, lighting control, ...)
 Optimize quality and availability of on site power
 Measure and improve on site power quality
 Implement backup generation
 Exploit co-generation means
 Optimize supply costs
 Use the right tariffs according to specific load profile
 Participate in DR/DSM programs
 Resell excess power
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 4

5. Buildings are a major source of demand
side energy efficiency
 Buildings consume over 40% of total energy in the
EU and US
 Between 12% and 18% by commercial buildings the rest
residential.
 Implementing the EU Building Directive (22% reduction)
could save 40Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020.
 Consumption profiles may vary but heating, cooling
and lighting are the major energy users in buildings
 Water heating is a major element for healthcare, lodging, and
schools.
 Lighting and Space Heating are the major elements for
commercial and retail buildings.
Energy Demand in the EU in 2000
Transport
31%
Industry
28%
Residential /
Commercial
41%
Healthcare Buildings
28% Water Heating
23% Space Heating
16% Lighting
6% Office Equipment
27% Other
Retail Buildings
37% Lighting
30% Space Heating
10% Space Cooling
6% Water Heating
17% Other
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 5

6. Let’s dream : tomorrow’s energy efficient
buildings would have …
 A structure and walls of such insulation performance that only 50
kWh/m2/year would suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort
 All of its equipment to the optimal energy performance level
(lighting, HVAC, office devices, …)
 Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy
usage optimization whilst guaranteeing optimal comfort, a healthy
environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to
elderly people, …)
 Renewable and non polluting energy sources
 The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric)
or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive
energy buildings)
 Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned
usage of energy
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 6

7. Envelope & structure of buildings are very
efficient : less than 50 kWh/m2/year are
needed for an ideal thermal comfort
Highly insulating and active
glazing :
• Vacuum double glazing :
energy loss = 0,5 W/m2/°C –
wall equivalent
• Thermo chromium : variable
heat flow between 20 to 60 %
New insulation materials:
thinner and able to store energy
• nano porous silica
• phase change materials
wall
balls of paraffin
support
coating
Effective treatment of thermal
bridges (junctions between walls,
metallic structures, aluminium
frames) : this can yield up to 30%
reduction of thermal losses
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 7

8. Equipment (lighting, HVAC, consumer
appliances) are more & more energy efficient
Lighting efficiency with LEDs :
from 20 toward 150 lumen / W
Heat pumps : from 20% to
25% of performance increase
with speed driven
compression motor
Consumer appliances :
Appliances complying with the
energy performance labels are
from 10 to 40% more efficient
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 8

9. Intelligence is everywhere in buildings : for
usages optimization, for comfort, for health,
for services
Shutters, lighting, HVAC
collaborate to reach global
optimization : increase of
more than 10 %global
energy efficiency
Sensors provide
information of air quality
(pollution, microbes, …)
and smart ventilation
insure health
Weather prediction are
integrated in control
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 9

10. Turning the dream into a commercially
deployable solution
Examples of available solutions - R&D fields related to Energy Efficiency
 Offering solutions to optimize energy use in existing
buildings and guarantee efficiency over time
 75 % of the life cycle costs of a building are in the operation
and alterations of the facility over 25 years.
 Renovations in existing buildings can yield energy savings of
up to 30%.
 Long term sustainable maintenance offering preventive
maintenance can keep those savings in place
 Innovative solutions delivering energy efficiency in
new constructions
 New concept of integrated power and control building
infrastructure with distributed intelligence
 Innovative lighting solutions based on LED technology
 Advanced autonomous sensors and actuators
 Smart integration of local distributed generation means
Operation
50%
Construction &
Finance
25%
Alterations
25%
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 13

11. Tomorrow's energy efficient buildings will
require additional processing power at all
levels of its infrastructure
MV/LV
transformer
station
Main LV
switchboard
automation
Main LV
Switchboard
Energy
management
expert
LV
panel
provider (ASP)
Maintenance
engineer
Ultra terminal devices
Service
Remote
access
Building
Site engineer
MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006 14

12. Energy Efficiency and Intelligent
Buildings
Thank you for your attention
Building a New Electric World
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