HUMANITIES YEAR 9: THE FRENCH DANGER
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New Zealanders in the 1830s feared foreign intervention, especially from France or the United States. In 1837, a Frenchman named Baron Charles de Thierry arrived in Northland and claimed land, declaring himself ruler of New Zealand. A Catholic mission established by Jean Baptiste Pompallier added to concerns about French influence. In 1838, Captain Jean-François Langlois purchased land on Banks Peninsula from Māori and established a French settlement there, though the 63 French settlers who arrived in 1840 discovered that area had been claimed by the British and instead founded the settlement of Akaroa.
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The document summarizes religious and colonial conflicts between England, France, and Spain in the 16th century. It discusses how the Protestant Reformation led to divisions in Europe and tensions over claims in North America. Specifically, it describes how Spain massacred the French Huguenot colony of Fort Caroline in Florida in 1565, and how the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy in 1588, marking the decline of Spanish power.
French colonies in north america
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonies in North America, particularly in Canada and along the St. Lawrence River valley. It describes how the French discovered the profitable fur trade which allowed for the establishment of more permanent settlements. The fur trade created mutual dependencies between the French traders and native populations. The French went on to establish other colonies including those in Acadia and Louisiana throughout the 1600s-1700s, largely exploiting the fur trade networks and relationships with indigenous peoples.
French colonies in north america
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonies in North America, particularly in Canada and along the St. Lawrence River valley. It describes how the French discovered the profitable fur trade which allowed for the establishment of more permanent settlements. The fur trade created mutual dependencies between the French traders and native populations. The French went on to establish other colonies including those in Acadia and Louisiana throughout the 1600s-1700s, largely exploiting the fur trade networks and relationships with indigenous peoples.
French colonies in north america
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonies in North America, particularly in Canada and along the St. Lawrence River valley. It describes how the French discovered the profitable fur trade which allowed for the establishment of more permanent settlements. The fur trade created mutual dependencies between the French traders and native populations. The French went on to establish other colonies including those in Acadia and Louisiana throughout the 1600s-1700s, largely exploiting the fur trade and relying on native populations to conduct the labor of trapping and skinning animals.
French colonies in north america
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonies in North America between the 16th and 17th centuries. It describes how the French initially focused on fishing and fur trading with local indigenous groups along the St. Lawrence River and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Over time, the fur trade became very profitable and mutually dependent between the French and native peoples. The French also established colonies in Acadia and Louisiana during this period to expand their North American fur trading networks and territorial claims in the face of competition from Britain and Spain.
Arrival in canada
The document summarizes the early exploration and settlement of Canada by European powers beginning in the 16th century. Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first to explore eastern Canada and the Atlantic coast for France in 1524. Jacques Cartier later claimed the area for France after exploring the St. Lawrence River in 1534 and 1535-36. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City in 1608 and established a fur trading post, laying the foundations for New France. The French colony struggled due to a lack of settlers and conflicts with English traders and native groups.
Theme 4
The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana in the 17th century. In Canada, the fur trade was the primary economic activity and the French formed alliances with some native tribes but alienated the Iroquois. Louisiana was founded to create a trade route between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico but struggled with disease, flooding and a lack of profitable exports. The French had varying relationships with native tribes in different areas, allying with some like the Choctaw while indifferently treating others or competing with enemies like the Chickasaw and English for influence over tribes in the backcountry.
The Aboriginal People of Canada
This is the first powerpoint in our unit on Injustices towards the native people of Canada. We will take two classes to cover it. It will be used as an aid for my lectures as well as displaying the questions for class discussions. Your homework is on the last slide of class 2.
American colonies
The document summarizes the early colonization efforts of Europeans in North America from the 16th century through the early 17th century. It discusses how the Spanish and French initially explored the southeast and northeast regions, while the English later established colonies along the mid-Atlantic coast led by figures like Walter Ralegh. The first English settlements at Roanoke Island in 1585 and Jamestown in 1607 struggled but eventually thrived through the cultivation of tobacco in the 1610s. As tobacco grew as a lucrative cash crop, it led to population growth and conflicts with Native Americans over land.
U. S. History 1: Britain in the New World - Unit 2, Part I Review
The document summarizes Britain's early colonial efforts in North America, beginning with the late start of British settlements compared to other European powers like Spain and France. It then discusses some of the earliest British explorers like John Cabot and Sir Walter Raleigh. Francis Drake gained riches for Queen Elizabeth by raiding Spanish ports in North America. The document also covers early failed colonial attempts by Humphrey Gilbert and at Roanoke colony, which disappeared mysteriously. It concludes with the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the "Starving Time" that nearly caused the colony to fail before it became self-sustaining through John Smith's leadership.
French
France began establishing colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 1600s, following the successes of Spain and Portugal. French colonial efforts were driven more by state, church, and military interests rather than business. Key French colonial possessions included Canada, Caribbean islands, Louisiana, and parts of India. France lost most of its first colonial empire due to wars with Britain during the 1700s and early 1800s. The fur trade was an important early industry for New France, with the French establishing trading relations with various Native American groups while attempting to convert them to Catholicism.
Promo Cd Done 97
- The Moriori people settled the Chatham Islands off the coast of New Zealand sometime between 950-1130 AD, around the same time Polynesians were discovering and settling New Zealand.
- In 1642, Abel Tasman became the first European explorer to encounter New Zealand, but his interaction with Māori led to violence and bloodshed before he left without ever setting foot on the islands.
- It was another 100 years before more Europeans arrived - in 1769 James Cook and Jean François Marie de Surville both arrived and established the first settlements by Europeans, mainly along the northern coast of New Zealand from the late 1790s onward.
Promo Cd Done 97
The document provides a brief history of New Zealand from Polynesian settlement around 950-1130 AD through to modern times. It notes the first encounters between the indigenous Moriori and Māori peoples and later European explorers and settlers from the 17th century onwards. Conflict arose between Māori and Europeans in the 19th century before New Zealand became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth in the 20th century.
Newfoundland ppt
Newfoundland is an island located off the east coast of Canada. It has a cold climate due to its northern latitude and proximity to the ocean. Europeans first arrived in 1497 and the island was settled by groups like the Portuguese, Irish, British, and French. The native Beothuk people were eventually driven inland and then extinct due to conflicts with European settlers. Over time, the fishing industry evolved from native methods to a large export industry, though fish remained the main food source. Today, the economy still relies on fishing and agriculture like potatoes.
The Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration began in the early 15th century and was driven by economic, religious, and territorial motives. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal pioneered exploration down the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese maritime empire and the discovery of new trade routes. Spain built a vast American empire through conquests led by conquistadors like Cortez and Pizarro. By the late 16th century, northern European powers like Britain, France, and the Netherlands challenged Iberian dominance through overseas exploration and colonization of their own.
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07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
The document discusses the early success of the Nazi party in Germany. It notes that while the party made progress in organization and membership in its early years after 1919, it had little impact in elections initially. The Nazis received only 6.5% of the vote in their first national election in 1924. Later elections in 1928 saw their support decline further to just 2.6% as the German economy and political situation stabilized under Stresemann. While the Nazis appealed to specific groups frustrated with the Weimar Republic, they remained a small party with less than 30,000 members by 1925.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 01. FASCISM
1) Post-war instability and economic crisis weakened established political systems in countries like Germany and Italy. 2) A sense of nationalism was used by fascist leaders to promote unity and scapegoat others for the nation's problems. 3) Charismatic leaders like Hitler and Mussolini were able to gain followers by promoting fascism as an alternative to communism and liberal democracy.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
The document provides background information on the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933. It discusses how Germany's economic dependence on American loans led to the collapse of German industry following the 1929 Wall Street crash. This caused widespread unemployment, with over 6 million people jobless by 1932. As economic conditions deteriorated, support grew for the Nazis as they promised strong leadership and blamed Jews and communists for Germany's problems. The Nazis increased their Reichstag seats in elections in 1933 after Hitler became Chancellor, and he then used emergency powers to crush opposition and establish a one-party Nazi state in Germany.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
The document discusses the Weimar Republic in Germany through tables and cartoons as part of a Cambridge IGCSE depth study on Germany. It provides information on the political and economic challenges faced by the Weimar Republic between 1919-1933 through statistical tables and illustrations. The depth study uses multiple visual elements to summarize key events and issues like inflation, unemployment, and the rise of extremism during this period of German history.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1923 during the Weimar Republic period. As Chancellor and later as Foreign Minister, he implemented policies that helped stabilize Germany's economy and improve its international standing. This included establishing a new currency to end hyperinflation, crushing communist uprisings, and pursuing diplomatic agreements like the Locarno Pact to normalize Germany's relations with other European powers. However, the economic and political stability of the Weimar Republic remained fragile.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
Weimar had faced a series of problems between 1919 and 1923 (hyperinflation, Munich Putsch, Kapp Putsch) but despite the odds had managed to survive.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
07. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Abyssinian Crisis.pptx
This cartoon was likely published after the Stresa Pact was signed in early 1935, when Britain and France failed to raise the issue of Abyssinia with Mussolini and were perceived as turning a blind eye to his plans in hopes of keeping Italy as an ally against Germany. The cartoon directly criticizes the British and French policy of appeasing Mussolini, so the purpose was to criticize, not just inform. By criticizing the policy, the hope would be to influence and change the policy by swaying public opinion.
06. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Manchurian Crisis.pptx
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
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HUMANITIES YEAR 9: THE FRENCH DANGER
- 2. THE THREAT OF THE FRENCH There was a considerable fear that a foreign nation, such as France or the United States might try to take control of New Zealand. Many whaling ships from the United States visited the Bay of Islands each year. French Settlers in Akaroa
- 3. ARRIVING IN HOKIANGA In 1837, a Frenchman Baron Charles de Thierry arrived in the Hokianga (Northland) and claimed a large area of land and declared himself ‘Sovereign Chief’ of New Zealand. A short time later, Jean Baptiste Pompallier arrived to set up a Catholic mission in New Zealand, adding to fears of French intervention.
- 4. BUYING LAND In 1838 Captain Jean-François Langlois made a provisional purchase of land in "the greater Banks Peninsula" from Tuaanau. A deposit of commodities in the value of ₤6 was paid and a further ₤234 worth of commodities was to be paid at a later period. On his return to France, he advertised for settlers to come to New Zealand and ceded his interest in the land to the Nanto- Bordelaise Company, of which he became a part owner.
- 5. FRENCH SETTLERS TO NEW ZEALAND On 9 March 1840, 63 emigrants left from Rochefort. The settlers embarked on the Comte de Paris– an old man-of- war ship given to them by the French government – for New Zealand. The Comte de Paris and its companion ship the Aube, arrived in the Bay of Islands AFTER 4 MONTHS on 11 July 1840, where they discovered that the Banks Peninsula had been claimed by the British. The French arrived in Akaroa on 18 August and established a settlement. The area still has a French influence, reflected in many local place names.