The document summarizes several genetic conditions related to human sexuality and biological sex. It describes Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Androgen insensitivity syndrome - all of which involve atypical sex chromosome configurations or hormone responses that can result in intersex traits. It also discusses how gender identity develops separately from biological sex due to socialization influences like parents and peers. Transgenderism and gender dysphoria occur when one's gender identity does not match their sex assigned at birth. The document concludes by discussing gender roles, stereotypes, and the idea of androgyny as encompassing both masculine and feminine traits.

1. Human Sexuality Chapter 10

2. The Development of Biological Sex Klinefleter syndrome – a male genetic condition characterized by a rounded body type, lack of facial hair, breast enlargement in puberty, and smaller than normal testicles (pp. 371-372) These males have an XXY chromosome configuration rather than the XY chromosome pairing Not all XXY males will develop the characteristics of Klineflecter syndrome Virtually all the symptoms are treatable to various degrees and can live normal, relatively healthy lives Turner syndrome - a female genetic condition characterized by short stature, slow or no sexual development at puberty, heart abnormalities, and lack of ovarian function (p. 372) Cause by a lack of or damage to one of the pair of X chromosomes Androgen insensitivity syndrome (p. 373) CAIS – A hormonal condition that results in babies who are genetically male but possess completely normal-appearing female external genitals and internal testicles PAIS – a variation of CIAS, which is a hormonal condition in which the fetus has a reduced reaction to androgens in the uterus, producing a baby with genitals that are not clearly male of female Intersex – born with sexual anatomy that is neither completely male nor completely female but rather a combination with features of both (pp. 373-374)

3. The Development of Gender Identity Your genetic, biological sex was determined at conception, but your gender and gender identity developed during the months and years after conception (pp. 374-381) Socialization - influences and molds the behavior of its members Socialization affects our development of gender identity and gender behavior Example of the influences: parents, peers, teachers, the media

4. Transgenderism Transgendered – individuals whose gender identity is in conflict with their biological sex (pp. 381-384) Gender identity disorder – a strong crossgender identification characterized by the desire to be the other sex, combined with persistent discomfort about one’s biological sex or culturally prescribed gender role Gender dysphoria – stress or discomfort stemming from the self-knowledge that one’s biological sex does not conform to, or is the opposite of, his or her personal gender identity Transsexual – a transgender person who has transitioned or is transitioning from his or her biological sex to his or her self-identified gender through actions, dress, hormone therapy, or surgery Sex reassignment surgery (sex change operation) – surgical procedures used to transform an individual from one sex to the other

5. Gender Roles/Stereotypes Gender Revisited, and Androgyny Gender roles and stereotypes READ: p. 385-394 Gender revisited (pp. 394-395) Nature argument: contends that gender differences are rooted in our biology and are passed down to us through evolution and our genetic heritage Nurture argument: downplays biological and genetic influences and focuses on sociocultural factors as responsible for producing gender differences Androgynous – exhibiting both masculine and feminine traits Based on this view, if you were to complete a test measuring your gender, your score would place you more masculine or more feminine Two-dimensional model of gender – an approach to defining gender suggesting that gender is not an either-or proposition but that people may manifest elements of both genders simultaneously A person can rate high on both masculinity and femininity