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Human  Milk Feedings of High-Risk Infants State of the Science, State of the Art
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants ,[object Object],Tarnow-Mordi  W et al  Adjunctive immunologic interventions in neonatal sepsis.  In Clinics in Perinatology 37(2) (2010)  Hanson LA. Session 1: Feeding and infant development breastfeeding and immune function.  Proc Nutr Soc  2007; 66(3): 384-96. ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Anti-Microbial Factors Secretory IgA, IgM, IgG Lactoferrin Lysozyme Complement C3 Bifidus factor Antiviral mucins, GAGs Oligosaccharides Cytokines & Anti-Inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor Interleukins Interferon Prostaglandins Platlete –Activating Factor A-1 anti-trypsin A-1 anti-chymotrypsin Transporters Lactoferrin Folate binder Cobalamin binder IgF binder Thyroxine binder Corticosteroid bind er Hormones Insulin Prolactin Thyroid hormones Corticosteroids Oxytocin Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone Erythroppoietin Growth Factors Epidermal (EGF) Nerve (NGF) Insulin-like (IGF) Transforming (TGF) Polyamines Digestive Enzymes Amylase Bile acid stimulating esteras Bile acid-stimulating lipase Lipoprotein lipase Ribonuclease Others Lycopene Leptin Lutein DNA & RNA Casomprphins ¶-sleep peptides Stem cells
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Hanson, LA  Immunobiology of human milk ( 2004).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Kirsten GF (2009) PNT Sep/Oct 2009 Vol. 13 No. 5 ; 27-29
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Kirsten GF (2009) PNT Sep/Oct 2009 Vol. 13 No. 5 ; 27-29
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Hanson, LA  Immunobiology of human milk ( 2004).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Hanson, LA  Immunobiology of human milk ( 2004).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Hanson, LA  Immunobiology of human milk ( 2004).
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [Fortified Mother ’s Milk >50 mL/kg/day] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Mother ’s Milk Preterm Formula % Infants Late onset sepsis  Necrotizing  enterocolitis LOS/NEC  p   <  0.01 Schanler,  PEDIATRICS 1999;103:1150 Effect of predominant mother ’s milk feeding on late onset  sepsis (LOS) and NEC in premature infants
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Jain et al  J Am Coll Nutr  199615:44-48 “ From conception  through delivery… mammalian development  occurs under a physiologic  hypoxia ”
Human Milk Feeding in the NIC U ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Saugstad, OD (2001)  Seminars in Perinatology , 8;39-49
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],Trindade & Rugolo . NeoReviews 2007;8;e522-e632 Cell/Tissue/Organ Injury Retinopathy of Prematurity Chronic Lung Disease/BPD Periventricular Leukomalacia Intraventricular Hemorrhage Necrotizing Enterocolitis Patent Ductus Arteriosus Cerebral Palsy
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],Zarban et al J  Clin Biochem Nutr . 2009 September; 45(2): 150–154. Published online 2009 August 28. doi: 10.3164/jcn.08-233 Values are presented as Mean ± SD and * indicate significant difference in comparison with colostrums ( p <0.05) Colostrum Mature Milk Time from Delivery 2 ± 1 days (n = 150) 7 ± 3 days (n = 97) 30 ± 3 days (n = 102) 90 ± 7 days (n = 100) 180 ± 10 days (n = 91) Total Antioxidant Capacity ( μ mol/L) 1061.6 ± 500.6 915.3 ± 511.4* 816.3 ± 379.4* 862.7 ± 457.7* 724.7 ± 302.4* DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (% in  μ mol/L) 50.4 ± 19.7 40.8 ± 20.0* 41.9 ± 19.4* 44.6 ± 18.5* 38.2 ± 17.3*
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding in the NICU
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding in the NICU
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding in the NICU
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Meinzen-Derr 6 (2009) Sisk 5 (2007) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Arc of Human Milk Feeding and NEC Studies
n=207 Preterm Infants BW ≤ 1250 g Own Mothers Milk Bovine HMF @100 mL/kg/d Human HMF  @ 40 mL/kg/d Human HMF  @ 100 mL/kg/d Donor Milk  When OMM is not available  in sufficient quantity H100  n=69 H40  n=71 B100  n=69 Study Protocol Sullivan, S et al  10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.040   Preterm Formula  When OMM is not available  in sufficient quantity 1 NEC surgery will be eliminated for every 10 babies treated with 100% human diet. 1 case of NEC or death will be eliminated for every 7.7 babies treated with exclusive human milk diet. For infants <1250 g these data strongly support an entirely human milk-based diet, including HM fortifier, through 60 days of age. Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Do not capture the critical components of human milk feeding patterns for NICU infants . ” Labbok M, Krasovec K. Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions.  Stud Fam Plann  1990;21(4); 226-30.
[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Neu J & Bernstein, H Update on host defense and immunonutrients  Clinics in Perinatology 29(1); 2002.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Labbok M, Krasovec K. Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions.  Stud Fam Plann  1990;21(4); 226-30. Meier PP, Engstrom JL, Patel AL, Jegier BJ & Bruns, NE. Improving the Use of Human Milk During and After the NICU Stay.  Clin Perinatol  37 (2010) 217–245 doi:10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.013.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants Rodriquez NA, Meier PP, Groer, MW ,Zeller JM, Engstrom  JL and Fogg  L (2010).  Advances in Neonatal Care,  Vol 10, No. 4, pp.206-212.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
Human Milk Feeding in the NICU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Labbok M, Krasovec K. Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions.  Stud Fam Plann  1990;21(4); 226-30 . Meier PP, Engstrom JL, Patel AL, Jegier BJ & Bruns, NE. Improving the Use of Human Milk During and After the NICU Stay.  Clin Perinatol  37 (2010) 217–245 doi:10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.013.
Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants ,[object Object],Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group Sandra T. Robbins, RD, CSP and Robin Meyersw, MPH, RD, Editors

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Human Milk Feeding in the NICU

  • 1. Human Milk Feedings of High-Risk Infants State of the Science, State of the Art
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  • 12. Human Milk Feeding in the NICU 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [Fortified Mother ’s Milk >50 mL/kg/day] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Mother ’s Milk Preterm Formula % Infants Late onset sepsis Necrotizing enterocolitis LOS/NEC p < 0.01 Schanler, PEDIATRICS 1999;103:1150 Effect of predominant mother ’s milk feeding on late onset sepsis (LOS) and NEC in premature infants
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  • 36. n=207 Preterm Infants BW ≤ 1250 g Own Mothers Milk Bovine HMF @100 mL/kg/d Human HMF @ 40 mL/kg/d Human HMF @ 100 mL/kg/d Donor Milk When OMM is not available in sufficient quantity H100 n=69 H40 n=71 B100 n=69 Study Protocol Sullivan, S et al 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.040 Preterm Formula When OMM is not available in sufficient quantity 1 NEC surgery will be eliminated for every 10 babies treated with 100% human diet. 1 case of NEC or death will be eliminated for every 7.7 babies treated with exclusive human milk diet. For infants <1250 g these data strongly support an entirely human milk-based diet, including HM fortifier, through 60 days of age. Human Milk Feeding of High-Risk Infants
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Editor's Notes

  1. And, this Schanler study also showed reductions on late onset sepsis and NEC when the feedings were predominately human milk vs. formula.