This document summarizes several studies on the effects of different feeding formulas for preterm infants after hospital discharge. It discusses randomized controlled trials that compared nutrient-enriched formulas to standard formulas. The studies found that infants fed enriched formulas had greater weight gain, length growth, and head circumference increases during the study periods compared to those fed standard formulas. At longer-term follow up of 18 months, infants on enriched formulas continued to show small improvements in weight, length and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

1. Alimentazione dopo la dimissione Luca Maggio TIN – UCSC – Roma

2. E dopo ?

3. Lucas A . Nutrition, Growth and Development of Postdischarge Preterm Infants. In: Post-hospital Nutrition of the Preterm Infant. Report of the 106th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Colorado Springs, Colorado, August 18–20, 1995. Columbus, OH: Ross Products Div, Abbott Labs; 1996 :81-89 Stop Supplementazione LM Formula per Neonati AT Divezzamento Standard 18 mesi > 30 % Peso < 10° pc 7-8 anni > 20 % Peso < 10° pc VLBW Dimissione > 50 % Peso < 10°pc

4. ZScore Peso 1a 3a 2a D -0,45 +0,12 +0,27

5. ZScore CC 1a 3a 2a D -0,49 -0,15 +0,14

6. B.Latal-Hajnal , K.Von Siebenthal, H.Kovari, H.U. Bucher, R.H Largo. Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: significant association with neudevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr 2003 143:163-70

7. Lucas A , King F, Bishop NB. Postdischarge formula consumption in infants born preterm. Arch Dis Child 1992 ;67:691-2 ml/kg/d

8. Lucas A , King F, Bishop NB. Postdischarge formula consumption in infants born preterm. Arch Dis Child 1992 ;67:691-2

10. Wheeler RE , Hall RT. Feeding of premature infant formula after hospi-tal discharge of infants weighing less than 1800 g at birth. J Perinatol. 1996 ;16:111–116 Cooke RJ , Griffin IJ, McCormick K, et al. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: effect of dietary manipulation on nutrient intake and growth. Pediatr Res. 1998 ;43:355–360 Cooke RJ , McCormick K, Griffin IJ, et al. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: effect of diet on body composition. Pediatr Res. 1999 ;46:461– 464 Cooke RJ, Embleton ND, Griffin IJ, Wells JC and McCormick KP. Feeding Preterm Infants after Hospital Discharge: Growth and Development at 18 Months of Age Pediatr Res 2001; 49: 719–722 Latte per Prematuri

11. RJ Cooke, Embleton ND, IJ Griffin, JCK Wells, K.McKormick. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: growth and development at 18 months of age. Pediatr Res 2001 ;49:719-22 M F

12. RJ Cooke, Embleton ND, IJ Griffin, JCK Wells, K.McKormick. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: growth and development at 18 months of age. Pediatr Res 2001 ;49:719-22

13. Lucas A , Bishop NJ, King FJ, Cole TJ. Randomised trial of nutrition for preterm infants after discharge. Arch Dis Child. 1992 ;67:1413–1414 Atkinson SA , Randall-Simpson J, Chang M, Bosco P. Randomized trial of feeding nutrient-enriched vs standard formula to premature infants during the first year of life. Pediatr Res. 1999 ;45:276A Jane D. Carver , Paul Y. K. Wu, Robert T. Hall, Ekhard E. Ziegler, Roberto Sosa, Joan Jacobs, Geraldine Baggs, Nancy Auesta and Beate Lloyd. Growth of Preterm Infants Fed Nutrient-Enriched or Term Formula After Hospital Discharge Pediatrics 2001 ;107:683– 689 Chan GM . Growth and bone mineral status of discharged very low birth weight infants fed different formulas or human milk. J Pediatr. 1993 ;123: 439–443 Brunton JA , Atkinson SA, Saigal S. Growth and body composition in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 3 months corrected age: A randomized trial of high-energy nutrient-enriched formula fed after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1998 ;133:340 –345 Lucas A , Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Singhal A, Abbott RA, Isaacs E, StephensonT, MacFadyenUM and Clements H. Randomized Trial of Nutrient-Enriched Formula Versus Standard Formula for Postdischarge Preterm Infants Pediatrics 2001 ;108:703–711 PDF

14. Caratteristiche PDF  Tutto Kal/Proteine 1

15. Composition of infant formulas (per dl)

16. Brunton J, Saigal S, Atkinson SA . Growth and body composition in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 3 months corrected age:A randomized trial of a high-energy nutrient-enriched formula fed after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1998 ;133:340-5

17. Proteine + 27 % Calorie + 6 % Calcio + 79 % Fosforo + 23 % Sodio + 29 % Potassio + 37 % Zinco + 76 % Rame + 36 % Mn + 47 % Carnitina + Vit B1 + 56 % Vit B2 + 82 % Vit B6 + 128 % Vit B12 + 43 % Folati + 635 % Vit C + 117 % Vit D + 30 % Vit E + 212 % Vit K + 122 % Ac Pan. + 74 % Lucas A , Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Singhal A, Abbot RA, Isaacs E, Stephenson T, MacFadyen UM, Clements H. Randomized trial of nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for postdischarge preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001; 108:703-11

19. JD Carver, PYK Wu, RT Hall, EE Ziegler, R Sosa, J Jacobs, G Baggs, N Auestad, B Lloyd. Growth of preterm infants fed nutrient-enriched or term formula after hospital discharge . Pediatrics 2001 ;107:683-89 < 1250 g

20. Brunton J, Saigal S, Atkinson SA . Growth and body composition in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 3 months corrected age:A randomized trial of a high-energy nutrient-enriched formula fed after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1998 ;133:340-5

21. Lucas A , Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Singhal A, Abbot RA, Isaacs E, Stephenson T, MacFadyen UM, Clements H. Randomized trial of nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for postdischarge preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001; 108:703-11

22. Lucas A , Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Singhal A, Abbot RA, Isaacs E, Stephenson T, MacFadyen UM, Clements H. Randomized trial of nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for postdischarge preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001; 108:703-11

23. Dubbi Composizione Consumo (cc vs Kal) Target Durata Significatività Clinica Sviluppo NM Latte Materno 3

24. Type of milk Infants Authors Nutritional follow-up studies in preterm infants Lucas et al Wheeler et al Chan et al Cooke et al Brunton et al Carver et al Lucas A et al Rigo et al SF, PDF HM, SF, PTF HM, SF, PDF, PTF SF, PTF SF, PTF SF, PDF SF, PDF SF, PDF Preterm <1850g Preterm <1850g Preterm <1650g Preterm <1750g, <34 w. VLBW <1500g + BDP < 37 w.; <1800g < 37 w.; <1750g < 34 w.; <1800g

25. Duration N. infants Follow-up studies in premature infants: standard (SF) versus enriched formula (EF) Lucas et al (1992) Wheleer RE et al (1996) Chan GM et al (1993) Brunton JA et al (1997) Cooke R et al (1998) Carver JD et al (2001) Lucas A et al (2001) Rigo J et al (2001) 9 months 6 months 8 weeks 3 months 6 months 12 months 18 months 2 months 31 54 59 60 96 125 229 33

26. Lucas A , Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Singhal A, Abbot RA, Isaacs E, Stephenson T, MacFadyen UM, Clements H. Randomized trial of nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for postdischarge preterm infants. Pediatrics 2001; 108:703-11