This document summarizes nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy for plants through photosynthesis. Plants and primary consumers store this energy, which is transferred to higher trophic levels through feeding relationships. When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release nutrients and energy back into the environment, allowing recycling to occur. This maintains nutrient availability and sustains energy flow through trophic levels in a balanced ecosystem.
The biosphere is the global ecosystem inhabited by living organisms and composed of four interacting components: biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Biosphere reserves are designated by UNESCO to balance conservation and sustainable development. They contain core, buffer, and transition zones and aim to conserve biodiversity while supporting human communities. India has 18 biosphere reserves recognized for representing different ecosystems and landscapes that support millions of plant and animal species.
Chapter 4 interdependence among living organisms and the envirronmentIzudin Hasan
This document discusses interdependence among living organisms and the environment. It covers topics such as species, populations, communities, habitats, ecosystems, interactions between living organisms including predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, competition, food webs, and the importance of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and food for animals while using carbon dioxide, and the carbon and oxygen cycles help regulate gas levels on Earth. Conservation efforts aim to preserve natural resources for future generations.
Energy from the sun flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis in producers and is transferred between trophic levels through food webs. However, only about 10% of energy is transferred between adjacent trophic levels, with the rest lost as heat. As a result, the amount of biomass and number of organisms decreases at each higher trophic level, as illustrated by ecological pyramids. This energy flow and transfer of matter between trophic levels is governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles, including the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. These cycles describe the continuous movement and exchange of substances between living organisms and their inorganic environment. Specifically, it notes that the water cycle involves the processes that move water through the environment, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, and carbon deposits, and the nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen is converted between different forms and moves between organisms and the atmosphere.
This document defines key terms related to ecology and biological organization:
1) It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
2) It provides definitions and examples for organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere - the levels of biological organization from individual to global.
3) It distinguishes between biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) in an environment.
This document introduces the key concepts of ecology, including:
1) Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment and each other.
2) Organisms are organized into levels ranging from cells to the biosphere.
3) The environment consists of biotic and abiotic factors that surround organisms.
4) All organisms are interdependent and interact through competition, predation, and nutrient recycling.
This document summarizes nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy for plants through photosynthesis. Plants and primary consumers store this energy, which is transferred to higher trophic levels through feeding relationships. When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release nutrients and energy back into the environment, allowing recycling to occur. This maintains nutrient availability and sustains energy flow through trophic levels in a balanced ecosystem.
The biosphere is the global ecosystem inhabited by living organisms and composed of four interacting components: biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Biosphere reserves are designated by UNESCO to balance conservation and sustainable development. They contain core, buffer, and transition zones and aim to conserve biodiversity while supporting human communities. India has 18 biosphere reserves recognized for representing different ecosystems and landscapes that support millions of plant and animal species.
Chapter 4 interdependence among living organisms and the envirronmentIzudin Hasan
This document discusses interdependence among living organisms and the environment. It covers topics such as species, populations, communities, habitats, ecosystems, interactions between living organisms including predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, competition, food webs, and the importance of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and food for animals while using carbon dioxide, and the carbon and oxygen cycles help regulate gas levels on Earth. Conservation efforts aim to preserve natural resources for future generations.
Energy from the sun flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis in producers and is transferred between trophic levels through food webs. However, only about 10% of energy is transferred between adjacent trophic levels, with the rest lost as heat. As a result, the amount of biomass and number of organisms decreases at each higher trophic level, as illustrated by ecological pyramids. This energy flow and transfer of matter between trophic levels is governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles, including the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. These cycles describe the continuous movement and exchange of substances between living organisms and their inorganic environment. Specifically, it notes that the water cycle involves the processes that move water through the environment, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, and carbon deposits, and the nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen is converted between different forms and moves between organisms and the atmosphere.
This document defines key terms related to ecology and biological organization:
1) It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
2) It provides definitions and examples for organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere - the levels of biological organization from individual to global.
3) It distinguishes between biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) in an environment.
This document introduces the key concepts of ecology, including:
1) Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment and each other.
2) Organisms are organized into levels ranging from cells to the biosphere.
3) The environment consists of biotic and abiotic factors that surround organisms.
4) All organisms are interdependent and interact through competition, predation, and nutrient recycling.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, populations, communities, abiotic and biotic factors, food chains, and food webs. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of living things that interact with each other and their environment. It provides examples of different ecosystem types and describes the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in ecosystems. It emphasizes that all parts of an ecosystem are interconnected and important for the balance of the overall living environment.
This document provides an overview of the field of ecology. It defines ecology as the study of relationships between organisms and their environments. The document notes that ecology involves research from many viewpoints using various techniques to understand how organisms adapt to their environments. It also outlines different levels of ecological organization from the biosphere level down to individual organisms and describes several branches of ecology such as population ecology and ecosystem ecology.
Environmental Issues and Sustainabilityguestffe27a
This document discusses environmental problems, their causes, and sustainability. It provides general statistics about the Earth, notes that the world population is growing at 2.5% annually, and examines environmental indicators like depleted soils, food shortages, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, polluted rivers, and increased disease. It also discusses biodiversity hotspots and defines environmental science as relating to the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Human activities negatively impact natural resources through overuse and pollution. Renewable resources like forests can be depleted if used faster than they can regenerate. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are being burned, releasing carbon dioxide and leading to their eventual depletion. Specific human impacts include deforestation, overfishing, water and air pollution, and solid waste pollution, which degrade habitats and water quality. If not addressed, this degradation will negatively affect Caribbean tourism and economies by damaging ecosystems and habitats.
The document discusses ecosystems and the components that make up Earth's biosphere. It describes the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. The atmosphere protects the planet and regulates temperatures. The lithosphere is Earth's solid outer layer made of rock and minerals. The hydrosphere contains all of Earth's water, including oceans, lakes, ice, and groundwater. Living things exist within these areas in the biosphere, which is a thin layer supporting life. Ecosystems are defined as communities of interacting living and nonliving things in a certain area.
The Ecology and Ecosystems unit notes blend in Evolutionary adaptations and Evidence for Evolution along with standard E&E topics. The notes has examples of key content areas. Originally designed for Junior High and High School students, we use these for 7-8th grade students and warm ups for High School students. Includes basic concepts, food chain, webs, energy pyramids, matter cyclers, predator-prey, trophic levels; along with Ecosystem types, carrying capacity as well as Rules of the Environment.
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It examines different levels of biological organization, from species to biomes. Energy from the sun or inorganic compounds flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis in autotrophs and is consumed by heterotrophs in a food chain. Only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, as shown in ecological pyramids. Matter cycles through ecosystems in nutrient, carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including habitats, populations, communities, species, and ecosystems. It discusses food chains and webs, explaining producers, consumers, and energy transfer. It also covers adaptations, biodiversity, behavioral adaptations in animals, and competition within ecosystems.
This presentation is all about the Terrestrial Biome..made for Environmental Science Students.This came from different authors which I browsed from the net..Hope this will help=)
A population is a group of the same species that lives in the same area and competes for resources like food, water, and space. Populations are always changing in size due to limiting factors, which are abiotic or biotic factors that control population numbers. Limiting factors include temperature, drought, space, predators, and competition between organisms over resources needed for survival and reproduction.
This document discusses the distribution and abundance of organisms. It defines different types of distributions like cosmopolitan, endemic, disjunct, clumped, regular, and random. Abundance refers to the number of individuals in an area and can be measured using quadrats, transects, pitfall traps, and capture-recapture methods. Both biotic and abiotic factors affect distribution and abundance, such as temperature, moisture, pH, food availability, and new predators or pathogens. Measurement scales include semi-quantitative ratings like ACFOR.
This is a biosphere powerpoint I've created for a middle school level science class. It's full of fun animated cartoons and facts on both aquatic and terrestrial biomes.
The document discusses the biosphere and its major biomes. The biosphere consists of all living organisms and organic matter on Earth and is divided into biomes defined by climate and organisms. There are four primary biomes - deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundra. Deserts cover one-fifth of Earth's surface and have specialized plants and animals adapted to low rainfall. Grasslands are dominated by grasses and occur in areas with enough rain for grasses but not trees. Forests cover one-third of the planet's land and include tropical, temperate, and boreal forests. The coldest biome is the tundra, which exists as Arctic or alpine tundra with extreme temperatures and
This document discusses biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems. It defines biotic factors as living components such as plants, animals, and fungi. Abiotic factors are defined as non-living components such as temperature, water, and sunlight. The document explains that biotic and abiotic factors interact with and influence each other within an ecosystem. For example, temperature and water levels affect living organisms.
The document discusses the four main systems that make up Earth: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. It focuses on describing the layers of the atmosphere, including the exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The troposphere contains most of the weather and clouds and temperatures decrease with increased altitude. The stratosphere contains ozone that absorbs UV radiation. The mesosphere is the coldest part while the thermosphere reaches temperatures over 1,700°C and protects the Earth from radiation.
An overview of the main factors making up the non-living (abiotic) environment of the plant. The requirements of the plant and the effects of absnormal condtions are also mentioned briefly.
Ecosystems are distinguished by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. The slideshow first shows images of each terrestrial ecosystem separated by climate zone, and then finishes with mystery ecosystems for students to identify and describe. Ask your students to identify the abiotic factors such as amount of precipitation, elevation, temperature, etc., and how that affects the life zone of of the ecosystem (biodiversity, height of plant growth, etc.).
Energy flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis, where plants capture solar energy and produce organic compounds. Nearly all organisms rely directly or indirectly on this process. While energy is lost at each transfer between trophic levels, ecosystems have evolved to maximize energy flow. Chemical elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycle through biotic and abiotic components in ecosystems via processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and nitrogen fixation, which are essential for life. Human activities like agriculture and industry can impact natural nutrient cycling.
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and ecology. It begins with definitions of ecology and ecosystem, explaining that an ecosystem is the basic unit of ecological study that includes all organisms in a given area interacting with the physical environment. It then discusses key components of ecosystems like abiotic and biotic factors, food chains and webs, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. Productivity is also summarized, distinguishing between primary productivity by producers and secondary productivity by consumers. The document concludes with models of energy flow through ecosystems and the concept of ecological efficiency.
The document defines an ecosystem as all living organisms in a region and their physical and chemical environment. It discusses biotic factors as living things and their remains/features, and abiotic factors as non-living components like rocks, oxygen, and water. Biotic and abiotic influences, like availability of resources, temperature, and interactions between species, impact populations and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity, or maximum sustainable population size.
The document discusses several key factors that contribute to human impact on the environment:
- Deforestation occurs when forests are removed to make way for other land uses like agriculture, livestock grazing, or development.
- Overpopulation places strain on natural resources as population growth exceeds the environment's carrying capacity.
- Pollution from activities like fossil fuel use and industrial/agricultural waste contaminates air, water, and land.
- Overuse and wastage of natural resources like mining, fishing, and logging deplete resources faster than they can regenerate.
Human activities have significantly impacted the environment through deforestation, pollution, overpopulation, and overuse of natural resources. Deforestation occurs as forests are cut down to make way for agriculture and settlements, contributing to habitat loss. Pollution in the forms of waste, water contamination, and air pollution from industry and vehicles degrade ecosystems. A growing human population places more stress on the environment by consuming more resources. Increased carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel usage enhance the greenhouse effect and global warming, raising Earth's temperatures and threatening ecosystems. Conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity and restore degraded habitats.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, populations, communities, abiotic and biotic factors, food chains, and food webs. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of living things that interact with each other and their environment. It provides examples of different ecosystem types and describes the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in ecosystems. It emphasizes that all parts of an ecosystem are interconnected and important for the balance of the overall living environment.
This document provides an overview of the field of ecology. It defines ecology as the study of relationships between organisms and their environments. The document notes that ecology involves research from many viewpoints using various techniques to understand how organisms adapt to their environments. It also outlines different levels of ecological organization from the biosphere level down to individual organisms and describes several branches of ecology such as population ecology and ecosystem ecology.
Environmental Issues and Sustainabilityguestffe27a
This document discusses environmental problems, their causes, and sustainability. It provides general statistics about the Earth, notes that the world population is growing at 2.5% annually, and examines environmental indicators like depleted soils, food shortages, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, polluted rivers, and increased disease. It also discusses biodiversity hotspots and defines environmental science as relating to the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Human activities negatively impact natural resources through overuse and pollution. Renewable resources like forests can be depleted if used faster than they can regenerate. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are being burned, releasing carbon dioxide and leading to their eventual depletion. Specific human impacts include deforestation, overfishing, water and air pollution, and solid waste pollution, which degrade habitats and water quality. If not addressed, this degradation will negatively affect Caribbean tourism and economies by damaging ecosystems and habitats.
The document discusses ecosystems and the components that make up Earth's biosphere. It describes the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. The atmosphere protects the planet and regulates temperatures. The lithosphere is Earth's solid outer layer made of rock and minerals. The hydrosphere contains all of Earth's water, including oceans, lakes, ice, and groundwater. Living things exist within these areas in the biosphere, which is a thin layer supporting life. Ecosystems are defined as communities of interacting living and nonliving things in a certain area.
The Ecology and Ecosystems unit notes blend in Evolutionary adaptations and Evidence for Evolution along with standard E&E topics. The notes has examples of key content areas. Originally designed for Junior High and High School students, we use these for 7-8th grade students and warm ups for High School students. Includes basic concepts, food chain, webs, energy pyramids, matter cyclers, predator-prey, trophic levels; along with Ecosystem types, carrying capacity as well as Rules of the Environment.
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It examines different levels of biological organization, from species to biomes. Energy from the sun or inorganic compounds flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis in autotrophs and is consumed by heterotrophs in a food chain. Only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, as shown in ecological pyramids. Matter cycles through ecosystems in nutrient, carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including habitats, populations, communities, species, and ecosystems. It discusses food chains and webs, explaining producers, consumers, and energy transfer. It also covers adaptations, biodiversity, behavioral adaptations in animals, and competition within ecosystems.
This presentation is all about the Terrestrial Biome..made for Environmental Science Students.This came from different authors which I browsed from the net..Hope this will help=)
A population is a group of the same species that lives in the same area and competes for resources like food, water, and space. Populations are always changing in size due to limiting factors, which are abiotic or biotic factors that control population numbers. Limiting factors include temperature, drought, space, predators, and competition between organisms over resources needed for survival and reproduction.
This document discusses the distribution and abundance of organisms. It defines different types of distributions like cosmopolitan, endemic, disjunct, clumped, regular, and random. Abundance refers to the number of individuals in an area and can be measured using quadrats, transects, pitfall traps, and capture-recapture methods. Both biotic and abiotic factors affect distribution and abundance, such as temperature, moisture, pH, food availability, and new predators or pathogens. Measurement scales include semi-quantitative ratings like ACFOR.
This is a biosphere powerpoint I've created for a middle school level science class. It's full of fun animated cartoons and facts on both aquatic and terrestrial biomes.
The document discusses the biosphere and its major biomes. The biosphere consists of all living organisms and organic matter on Earth and is divided into biomes defined by climate and organisms. There are four primary biomes - deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundra. Deserts cover one-fifth of Earth's surface and have specialized plants and animals adapted to low rainfall. Grasslands are dominated by grasses and occur in areas with enough rain for grasses but not trees. Forests cover one-third of the planet's land and include tropical, temperate, and boreal forests. The coldest biome is the tundra, which exists as Arctic or alpine tundra with extreme temperatures and
This document discusses biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems. It defines biotic factors as living components such as plants, animals, and fungi. Abiotic factors are defined as non-living components such as temperature, water, and sunlight. The document explains that biotic and abiotic factors interact with and influence each other within an ecosystem. For example, temperature and water levels affect living organisms.
The document discusses the four main systems that make up Earth: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. It focuses on describing the layers of the atmosphere, including the exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The troposphere contains most of the weather and clouds and temperatures decrease with increased altitude. The stratosphere contains ozone that absorbs UV radiation. The mesosphere is the coldest part while the thermosphere reaches temperatures over 1,700°C and protects the Earth from radiation.
An overview of the main factors making up the non-living (abiotic) environment of the plant. The requirements of the plant and the effects of absnormal condtions are also mentioned briefly.
Ecosystems are distinguished by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. The slideshow first shows images of each terrestrial ecosystem separated by climate zone, and then finishes with mystery ecosystems for students to identify and describe. Ask your students to identify the abiotic factors such as amount of precipitation, elevation, temperature, etc., and how that affects the life zone of of the ecosystem (biodiversity, height of plant growth, etc.).
Energy flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis, where plants capture solar energy and produce organic compounds. Nearly all organisms rely directly or indirectly on this process. While energy is lost at each transfer between trophic levels, ecosystems have evolved to maximize energy flow. Chemical elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycle through biotic and abiotic components in ecosystems via processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and nitrogen fixation, which are essential for life. Human activities like agriculture and industry can impact natural nutrient cycling.
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and ecology. It begins with definitions of ecology and ecosystem, explaining that an ecosystem is the basic unit of ecological study that includes all organisms in a given area interacting with the physical environment. It then discusses key components of ecosystems like abiotic and biotic factors, food chains and webs, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. Productivity is also summarized, distinguishing between primary productivity by producers and secondary productivity by consumers. The document concludes with models of energy flow through ecosystems and the concept of ecological efficiency.
The document defines an ecosystem as all living organisms in a region and their physical and chemical environment. It discusses biotic factors as living things and their remains/features, and abiotic factors as non-living components like rocks, oxygen, and water. Biotic and abiotic influences, like availability of resources, temperature, and interactions between species, impact populations and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity, or maximum sustainable population size.
The document discusses several key factors that contribute to human impact on the environment:
- Deforestation occurs when forests are removed to make way for other land uses like agriculture, livestock grazing, or development.
- Overpopulation places strain on natural resources as population growth exceeds the environment's carrying capacity.
- Pollution from activities like fossil fuel use and industrial/agricultural waste contaminates air, water, and land.
- Overuse and wastage of natural resources like mining, fishing, and logging deplete resources faster than they can regenerate.
Human activities have significantly impacted the environment through deforestation, pollution, overpopulation, and overuse of natural resources. Deforestation occurs as forests are cut down to make way for agriculture and settlements, contributing to habitat loss. Pollution in the forms of waste, water contamination, and air pollution from industry and vehicles degrade ecosystems. A growing human population places more stress on the environment by consuming more resources. Increased carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel usage enhance the greenhouse effect and global warming, raising Earth's temperatures and threatening ecosystems. Conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity and restore degraded habitats.
Human activities like deforestation, overpopulation, waste production, pollution, and overuse of natural resources are contributing to environmental loss. Deforestation occurs when forests are cut down to make way for activities like fuel production, livestock grazing, and commodity plantations. Overpopulation strains natural resources as the human population exceeds the environment's carrying capacity. Waste comes from various sources like households, hazardous materials, wastewater, and industry. Pollution stems from the fossil fuel industry and other sources, degrading air, water, and land quality. Energy production and extraction of resources also impact the environment. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and habitats from the excessive rates of environmental change caused by humanity.
Environment management - exploitation & modification of natural resourcesAnish Gawande
Natural resources refer to all materials in nature that are required by humans for their well-beings. In other words, humans are totally dependent on natural resources for survival. For instance, they grow crops, catch fish, and rear livestock and poultry for food; they exploit fossil fuels for energy supply; they cut down timber, extract minerals, and collect water for various uses in industry, construction, and many aspects in daily life. Natural resources are customarily classified into renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
Renewable resources are resources that can be regenerated fairly rapidly through natural processes. Examples include oxygen, minerals in soil, wildlife, timber, fish, and fresh water. Theoretically, these resources are renewed naturally and are always available. However, if the rates of use exceed the rates of renewal, the resources will become depleted.
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment caused by depletion of natural resources and destruction of ecosystems from factors like pollution, deforestation, overpopulation, intensive agriculture, and land disturbance which can negatively impact human health, biodiversity, the economy and tourism. Major causes include land damage, rapid population growth straining resources, ruinous agricultural practices, deforestation, and pollution from sources such as factories, vehicles, and landfills. Environmental degradation if not addressed can lead to issues like illness, loss of biodiversity and wildlife, ozone layer depletion, and negative economic impacts.
All living and non living things occurring naturally on Earth is called natur...Pradip Rana
All living and non living things occurring naturally on Earth is called natural environments. From the majestic mountains to calm oceans, green forests to expensive deserts. The natural environment is a complex system that supports life in all its forms. In this article, we reach inside into the significance of preserving these natural landscapes and there are efforts needed to safeguard future generations .
This document summarizes a presentation on environmental degradation. It discusses several types of environmental degradation including deforestation, desertification, emissions, and erosion. Deforestation occurs due to logging, burning of forests, and clearing of land for livestock and agriculture. Desertification is caused by overgrazing, over-cultivation, increased fires, water impoundment, and deforestation. Emissions release chemicals into the air from both natural processes like volcanoes and human activities like burning forests. Erosion transports solids through wind, water, ice, gravity, and living organisms which can damage land when vegetation is removed. The document outlines causes and effects of these processes and concludes that policies need to address holistic environmental
ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION BY MISA 9THB BIS,TIRUR KERALAMirsa Mosa
IT IS A VERY INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT.I HOPE EVERYONE WOULD SEE TO IT.CONTAINS INFORMATION OF HOW T GETS POLLUTED ,THE TYPES OF POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMEN DAY 2015
The document discusses several key threats to biodiversity: habitat alteration, invasive species, pollution, population growth, and overexploitation, known by the acronym HIPPO. It provides examples and explanations of each threat. Habitat alteration, mainly through forest clearing, agriculture and urban development, affects most organisms by changing their adapted habitat. Invasive species have become the second worst threat after being introduced internationally. Pollution harms biodiversity but to a lesser extent than other threats. Population growth exacerbates all threats by increasing resource use and consumption. Overexploitation includes overharvesting wildlife and overconsumption of resources.
The document discusses land pollution and its causes and effects. It defines land pollution as the deterioration of land surfaces directly or indirectly caused by human activities. Some key causes mentioned include deforestation, agricultural chemical use, mining activities, littering, and habitat destruction. Effects include soil pollution, changes to climate patterns, and environmental impacts such as disrupted rain cycles and global warming.
Natural resources are materials that exist naturally and can be used by humans, including air, water, soil, plants, animals, and minerals. Resources are classified as renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like forests and water can replenish, while exploitation of non-renewable resources like minerals depletes them over time. Deforestation and mining activities can negatively impact the environment through pollution, habitat destruction, and increased natural disasters. Sustainable management of natural resources is important to balance human and environmental needs.
This document discusses several ways that human activities influence ecosystems, including through improvements in farming techniques, intensive farming, habitat destruction, pollution, and lack of conservation. It provides details on how techniques like monoculture farming, keeping livestock in high densities, deforestation, fertilizer runoff, and air pollution negatively impact habitats and biodiversity. The document also explains the importance of conservation for protecting wildlife, the environment, and human health through measures such as captive breeding programs, endangered species monitoring, and public education.
Human activities that affect natural ecosystems RONAK SUTARIYA
This document discusses various human impacts on the environment including population growth, deforestation, pollution, waste production, and resource depletion. It notes that industrialization and burning fossil fuels increases air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation reduces forests and biodiversity while pollution degrades air, water, and land quality. The depletion of natural resources also affects the environment if not managed sustainably. Climate change brought on by these factors threatens ecosystems and species survival.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including water, air, land, noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and sources of each type of pollution. Some key points include:
- Water pollution can be caused by municipal and industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and thermal pollution from power plants.
- Air pollution stems from emissions like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides that can cause global warming and acid rain.
- Land pollution results from construction, agriculture, and dumping of domestic and industrial waste.
- Noise pollution mainly comes from transportation, construction activities, and industrial operations.
This document discusses the different types of pollution: air, water, noise, land, and radioactive. It provides details on the causes, effects, and ways to avoid each type of pollution. The main types of pollution covered are air, water, noise, land, and radioactive pollution. For each type, it discusses the causes such as vehicles, industry, agriculture, mining etc. and effects such as health impacts and environmental damage. It also gives recommendations on how to reduce each type of pollution through alternatives to fossil fuels, wastewater treatment, waste management, remediation, and sustainable practices.
Deforestation and causes of deforestionMicrobiology
The document discusses the causes and effects of deforestation. It identifies the main causes as timber production, cut and blaze farming, deforestation for grazing land, and using forests for firewood. Deforestation negatively impacts the environment, atmosphere, hydrology, soil, biodiversity, and human economies. Reforestation efforts include reducing emissions, sustainable farming practices, monitoring deforestation, and increasing protected areas. Overall, forests are important for ecological balance by providing habitat, producing oxygen, preventing land degradation, and being a source of timber.
Deforestation, Causes and Effects of Deforestation and ReforestationMicrobiology
The document discusses the causes and effects of deforestation. It identifies the main causes as timber production, cut and blaze farming, deforestation for grazing land, and using forests for firewood. Deforestation negatively impacts the environment, atmosphere, hydrology, soil, biodiversity, and human economies. Reforestation efforts include reducing emissions, sustainable farming practices, monitoring deforestation, and increasing protected areas.
The document defines the environment as the surroundings in which an organism lives, including abiotic factors such as air, water and land, and biotic factors such as plants, animals and microbes. It also discusses several major environmental issues including global warming, ozone depletion, air pollution, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, and sustainable development goals. The sustainable development goals aim to meet current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
4. AND HUMAN IMPACT ON
ENVIRONMENT MEANS
The adverse effects caused by
development,
industrial,
or by the release of a substances in
the environment
or by any other human activity…
5. HUMAN IMPACT ON
ENVIRONMENT
FACTORS:
Factors contributing to ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS are:
DEFORESTATION,
OVER-POPULATION,
WASTE,
POLLUTION,
OVERUSE/WASTAGE OF NATURAL RESOURCES,
ENERGY INDUSTRY etc....
6.
7. DDEEFFOORREESSTTAATTIIOONN
Deforestation is the removal of a
forest where the land is thereafter
converted to a non-forest use.
Deforestation occurs for many
reasons:
used or sold as fuel,
used as pasture for livestock,
plantations of commodities,
Settlements etc..
10. WASTE
Waste and wastes are terms for unwanted materials.
Examples include
municipal solid waste (household trash/refuse),
hazardous waste,
wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes,or surface
runoff),
radioactive waste, and others.
12. POLLUTION
Pollution- adding harmful substances or products into the
environment
The use of fossil fuels is the major cause of pollution
Air Land Water
Smog
Solid wastes
Ozone
Landfills
Depletion
Acid Rain
Oil spills
fertilizers
16. ENERGY INDUSTRY
The environmental impact of energy harvesting and
consumption is diverse.
Biodiesel
Coal mining and burning
Electricity generation
Nuclear power
Oil shale industry
Petroleum
Reservoirs
Wind power
17.
18. OVERUSE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
the depletion of natural resources has
become a major focus of governments
and organizations such as the United
Nations.
The depletion is caused by
Mining,
petroleum extraction,
Fishing,
Forestry etc..
20. NEED OF
CONSERVATION
Conservation biology is the scientific study of the
nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the
aim of protecting species, their habitats, and
ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction.
Habitat conservation is a land management
practice that seeks to conserve, protect and
restore, habitat areas for wild plants and animals,
especially conservation reliant species, and
prevent their extinction, fragmentation or
reduction in range.